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The Functional Role of Asterias Vulgaris Verrill (1866) in Three Subtidal Communities Alan Wilson Hulbert

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The Functional Role of Asterias Vulgaris Verrill (1866) in Three Subtidal Communities Alan Wilson Hulbert University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 1980 THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF ASTERIAS VULGARIS VERRILL (1866) IN THREE SUBTIDAL COMMUNITIES ALAN WILSON HULBERT Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation HULBERT, ALAN WILSON, "THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF ASTERIAS VULGARIS VERRILL (1866) IN THREE SUBTIDAL COMMUNITIES" (1980). Doctoral Dissertations. 1252. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1252 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. 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ZEEB ROAD, ANN ARBOR, Ml 48106 18 BEDFORD ROW, LONDON WC1R 4EJ, ENGLAND Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 8027792 H u lbert , Al a n W ilson THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF ASTERIAS VULGARIS VERRILL (1866) IN THREE SUBTIDAL COMMUNITIES University of New Hampshire Ph.D. 1980 University Microfilms Intern ât ions! 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 18 Bedford Row, London WCIR 4EJ, England Copyright 1980 by Hulbert, Alan Wilson All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF ASTERIAS VULGARIS VERRILL (1866) IN THREE SUBTIDAL COMMUNITIES by ALAN W. HULBERT B.S., University of Lowell, 1968 DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology May, 1980 i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED © 1980 Alan W. Hulbert Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. This dissertation has been examined and approved. DissertaÆ ^ director, Larry G. Harris AssociateTrofessor of Zoology Edward N. Francq, A ssistant Prc 'essor of Zoology David J. Hàrœbaim, /Adjunct Professor of Zoology Arthur C. Mathieson, Professor of Botany enneth P. Sebens, Assistant ProfeSaar of Zoology Janes T. Taylor, A s^stant Professor of Zoology Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am thankful to Dr. Larry G. Harris for his friendship and continuous support as my major advisor. Stimulating discussions with faculty and students helped me throughout my research program and have considerably improved the thesis. Discussions with Jonathan Witman, Terrence Gosliner, Luther Black, Clair Buccanan, Mark Mattson, Barry Spracklin, Wayne Lord and Alan Kuzirian have been particularly helpful. Many people helped in the study and I am especially indebted to Douglas Denninger, Larry MeEdward, and John Duclos for the laboratory work and without Dr. Larry Harris, Jonathan Witman, and the crew of the Jere A. Chase the field work would not have been possible. Captains Ned McIntosh and Paul P ellitier and Diving Safety Officer Paul Lavoie always maintained a positive attitude even on the most "Moderate" Gulf of Maine days. Theodore Donn helped with the statistics and his insights and Clayton Penniman's computer programs helped enormously in the data a n a ly s is . I wish to further thank Dr. Mathieson who allowed the use of the facilities at the Jackson Estuarine Laboratory. Research support has been provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service, the American Museum of Natural History, the Dryfus Foundation, the ÜNH Sea Grant Program, the UNH Central University Research Fund, and the UNH Zoology Department which provided the necessary boat time. The many talents of my wife, Kathy, helped in all aspects of this study, and for her continued patience, confidence, and much more I am very grateful. IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................iv List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... v i i List of Illustrations ............................................................... ix A b s t r a c t ....................................................................................................................................x i Chapter Page I. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 P urpose ................................................................................................................. 4 II. Site Descriptions ........................................................................................... 6 L o c a tio n ................................................................................................................. 6 Communities ........................................................................................................ 9 8m community ................................................................................................11 Transition Zone ........................................................................................... 12 18m community ................................................................................................13 30m community ................................................................................................13 Seasonality .............................................................................................................17 Physical Seasonality ......................................................................... 17 Biotic Seasonality ............................................................................. 22 Summary o f S ite D e s c rip tio n s ......................................................................... 23 III. Materials and Methods ...................................................................................... 26 Population Structure ........................................................................................... 26 Feeding A ctivity .......................................................................................... 28 Flux R a te s ..................................................................................................................29 C a g e s ...........................................................................................................................31 Predation Effects on A. vulgaris ................................................................ 33 Natural History ............................................................................................... 34 a Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. I IV. Results ....................................................................................................................35 i Population Structure .......................................................................................38 Seasonality ................................................................................................ 38 ■ i other Locations .........................................................................................39 y Feeding Activity ................................................................................................65
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