DOCSLIB.ORG

Desert Plants, Volume 25, Number 2 (December 2009)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Desert Plants, Volume 25, Number 2 (December 2009) Desert Plants, Volume 25, Number 2 (December 2009) Item Type Article Publisher University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Journal Desert Plants Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona. Download date 04/10/2021 08:58:59 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556549 Volume 25 Number 2 Desert December 2009 Plants How the Use of Mesquite Impacts Grass Availability, Wild Ass Sanctuary, India Bitapi C. Sinha, S. P. Goyal, P. R. Krauseman 3 The Double-Cut Technique for Grafting Cacti to Trichocereus pachanoi Rootstock Dan Bach 10 Note from the Director Mark Siegwarth 13 Dedication of Boyce Thompson Arbore­ tum April1929 Franklin J. Crider 14 World Vegetation in Relation to the Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum Homer L. Shantz 17 Effect of Pre-germination Treatments on Seed Germination of Helianthemum lippii (L.) Dum.Cours. S. Zaman, S. Padmesh, H. Tawfiq 18 Lonesome Valley: Rio Huasco, River of the Atacama Jeffrey M. Petrie 24 Chuasco Lomas, Southern Atacama, Chile 2 Desert Plants Desert Plants Volume 25, Number 2, December 2009 A journal devoted to broadening knowledge of plants indigenous Published by The University of Arizona for the or adapted to arid and sub-arid regions and to encouraging the ap­ Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum preciation of these plants. 37615 East Highway 60 Superior, AZ 85273 Margaret Norem, Ph.D., Editor 2120 E. Allen Road Copyright 2009 The Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of Tucson, AZ 85719 The University of Arizona (520) 393-8759 (520) 647-2638 FAX The Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum at Superior, [email protected] Arizona is cooperatively managed by the Arizona State Parks Board, Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum, Inc., and The University of Arizona. From the Editor ... A long hot summer has finally ended. Luckily I was able to escape to the Big Sky Country again this summer. Come mid October and it is still 98, it is hard to remember the cool temperatures of Georgetown Lake, Montana. Speaking of Montana, Dr. Paul Krauseman of University of Mon­ tana, formerly, University of Arizona, submitted his interesting manuscript on mesquite impact on grass availability in India. An­ other world desert area is represented with Dr. Zaman's pre-germi­ nation seed treatments in Kuwait. This manuscript is of particular interest to me and my colleagues at the Desert Legume Program which collects, stores and tests legume seed from deserts around the world. Down south in another desert of the world, Jeff Pet­ rie writes about the vegetation in the Rio Huasco River Valley in Chile. Many of you may remember Pete from his years at the ar­ boretum. Since his retirement he has become a citizen of the world and Desert Plants has benefitted from his manuscripts on Saudi Arabia, the Canary Islands and now Chile. At the suggestion of Mark Seigwarth, the new director of Boyce Thompson Arboretum, Dan Bach's cactus grafting manuscript from 1981 was republished. Apparently Desert Plants, Volume 3(1), 1981 is a popular back issue purchase because of this graft­ ing technique. Finally, Mark has been studying Arboretum history and presented me with booklet printed for the Boyce Thompson Arboretum dedication in April 1929. The dedication speeches, re­ printed in this issue, demonstrate that our goals today are much in agreement with the original goals. That being said, we encourage you all to visit Boyce Thompson Arboretum and discover how far we have come! Underwriters Josiah T. Austin Harris Environmental Group, Inc. John Pierce Supporters Glenn Branham Doug Newton Douglas Ripley John Spence Joe Wilkins Big Sky fun, which twin is the editor? Sinha et al. Mesquite Impact 3 How the use of mesquite impacts grown on the saline fringes ofthe Rann ofKutch and on the desert border since 1953 to stop desertification. grass availability, The invasion of exotic plants like mesquite is a primary threat to the Wild Ass Sanctuary, India integrity and function of ecosystems (Blossey et al. 2001, Sinha et al. 2007). Livestock ranchers and pastoralists discourage mesquite Bitapi C. Sinha because it invades pastures (Mwangi and Swallow 2005), is highly S. P. Goyal aggressive, and crowds out native vegetation (Tiwari 1999, Al­ Rawai 2004). Mesquite is a drought-resistant, fast-growing, and Wildlife Institute of India nitrogen-fixing species able to grow in harsh conditions where na­ P.O. Box 18, Chandrabani tive species fail (Pasiecznik et al. 2001). Mesquite is equipped with Debra Dun, India a number of biological characteristics related to seed dormancy, germination, and dispersal that can facilitate rapid invasion of new Paul. R. Krausman areas (Shiferaw et al. 2004). In addition mesquite has great ability Wildlife Biology Program to resprout with quick coppice growth from stumped or damaged trees making it a very strong competitive invader (Shiferaw et al. University of Montana 2004). Mesquite is also able to cause substratum degradation in the Missoula, MT 59812 USA semi-arid and arid areas of north and northwest India (Sharma and Dakshini 1998). Abstract We examined the impact of an exotic mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) Several reviews reported deserts to be among the least invaded on grass availability in the Wild Ass Sanctuary (WAS), Western ecosystems worldwide, in terms of the number of naturalized and India, which is the only habitat for the endangered Indian wild ass invasive species (Lonsdale 1999, Brooks and Pyke 2001). In des­ (Equus hemionus khur). These data are necessary for the manage­ ert habitats, many studies describe factors that promote plant inva­ ment of endangered species in desert ecosystems where resources sions, but few investigated the impacts on biodiversity (Brooks fluctuate widely. We collected information on the size of mesquite and Pyke 2001, Sinha et al. 2008). branches used by people for fuelwood and the impact of branch­ es that were left on the ground on grass cover and biomass dur­ In India, for example, it is well documented that poor rural women ing 1989-1990. People preferred fuelwood branches of mesquite in arid and semi-arid areas benefit disproportionately from selling 5-15cm in diameter; the remaining thorny branches are left in the charcoal and fuelwood made from mesquite (Andersson 2005). field, which reduces the availability of grass for foraging. Most Most of the firewood extracted from forests is transported on the grasses that grow under the discarded mesquite branches are pro­ heads of villagers living adjacent to the forests. The excessive cut­ tected whereas grasses without this protection are grazed. We cor­ ting of firewood has resulted in the depletion of forest cover. Peo­ related the percent grass cover with the number of twigs left on the ple use fuelwood that they gather and it is usually obtained from ground (r = 0.74). Grasses protected due to the thorny branches mesquite. Besides fuelwood, charcoal is produced in the region. leftover after mesquite collection, provide sources of seeds but Most of the charcoal supplying villages are located adjacent to the reduce overall availability of forage leading to increased crop LRK. These regions are one of the major suppliers of charcoal to depredation by wild ass. Managing mesquite branches in WAS is Ahmedabad, India (FAO 1993). At the same time vast stretches important to provide more grazing areas for minimizing crop pre­ of grasslands in LRK are crucial for habitat for a number of wild­ dation by wild asses and preserve seed from grazing for grassland life species including the endangered Indian wild ass and fodder management. reserve for livestock. It has also been reported that after collec­ tion of the branches of preferred girth sizes, the remaining thorny Keywords branches are left in the field as twigs that further reduces foraging Fuelwood, grazing, India, Indian wild ass, mesquite, Rann of areas for wild asses. Kutch, semi-arid Resources in LRK fluctuate widely over years. Therefore, our ob­ Introduction jective was to describe the impact of mesquite extraction for fuel Concern about deforestation, desertification, and fuelwood short­ wood by the local people on grassland habitat. ages in the late 1970s and early 1980s promoted research result­ ing in translocation of an exotic mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) and Study Area other hardy tree species to new environments across the world Little Rann of Kutch, is a unique and hostile place in the Thar (Mwangi and Swallow 2005). Although some exotic plant intro­ Desert (Fig. 1). Temperatures can rise to 50°C during day time ductions were accidental, many were intentional for wildlife and coupled with dust storms and mirages and cool to soc at night. habitat improvement, ornamental purposes, wood or fiber produc­ Thorny vegetation exists on the desert fringe, however no veg­ tion, or for other uses (Harrod 2001 ). The earliest records of mes­ etation at all exists to provide shade in the mudflat. There is no quite cultivation in the Indian subcontinent date back to 1877. In habitation for miles and only saline water. Despite the hardships, areas adjacent to the Little Rann of Kutch (LRK), Gujurat State, working in this saline desert was an experience of a lifetime. Lo­ India, mesquite was introduced by the ruler of Radhanpur during cal villagers and nomadic pastoralists, who come to the area, are 1899-1900 and has now spread throughout the fringe of the desert colorful and hospitable and one can strike a genuine conversation (Patel 1977). In Gujarat State, regular plantations of mesquite are with them quickly. Desert Plants 4 Banaskantha N ~· ' ' ,. .. ' ... ~ ' , .. # '' Sami 0 10 L--.J ~ .... ,.,~ .. km Scale Little Ran n of Kutch ·· · · · District boundary - Taluka boundary • Taluka Headquarter • Intensive study area Figure 1. Study area Little Rann of Kutch The study was conducted in the Wild Ass Sanctuary (WAS) (230 To estimate the effect of mesquite on the availability of grass cov­ 2 10'-230 45' N; 700 45'-710 45' E), LRK (4,840 km ).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Global Journal of Science Frontier Research : N Iornment & Arth Science
    Online ISSN : 2249-4626 Print ISSN : 0975-5896 DOI : 10.17406/GJSFR ObtainingofNanoGold EffectsofClimateVariability SustainableWasteManagement BanniGrasslandSocio-Ecosystem VOLUME21ISSUE3VERSION1.0 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research : H E nv iornment & E arth Science Global Journal of Science Frontier Research : H E nv iornment & E arth Science Volume 21 Issue 3 (Ver. 1.0) Open Association of Research Society Global Journals Inc. © Global Journal of Science (A Delaware USA Incorporation with “Good Standing”; Reg. Number: 0423089) Frontier Research. 2021 . Sponsors:Open Association of Research Society Open Scientific Standards All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in version 1.0 Publisher’s Headquarters office of “Global Journal of Science Frontier Research.” By Global Journals Inc. Global Journals ® Headquarters All articles are open access articles distributed 945th Concord Streets, under “Global Journal of Science Frontier Research” Framingham Massachusetts Pin: 01701, Reading License, which permits restricted use. United States of America Entire contents are copyright by of “Global USA Toll Free: +001-888-839-7392 Journal of Science Frontier Research” unless USA Toll Free Fax: +001-888-839-7392 otherwise noted on specific articles. No part of this publication may be reproduced Offset Typesetting or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including Global Journals Incorporated photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written 2nd, Lansdowne, Lansdowne Rd., Croydon-Surrey, permission. Pin: CR9 2ER, United Kingdom The opinions and statements made in this book are those of the authors concerned. Packaging & Continental Dispatching Ultraculture has not verified and neither confirms nor denies any of the foregoing and no warranty or fitness is implied.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping Prosopis Glandulosa (Mesquite) Invasion in the Arid Environment of South Africa Using Remote Sensing Techniques
    Mapping Prosopis glandulosa (mesquite) invasion in the arid environment of South Africa using remote sensing techniques NYASHA FLORENCE MURERIWA 0604748V Supervisor: Dr Elhadi Adam A dissertation submitted to the School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand in fulfilment of the academic requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Sciences March 2016 Johannesburg South Africa Abstract Decades after the first introduction of the Prosopis spp. (mesquite) to South Africa in the late 1800s for its benefits, the invasive nature of the species became apparent as its spread in regions of South Africa resulting in devastating effects to biodiversity, ecosystems and the socio- economic wellbeing of affected regions. Various control and management practices that include biological, physical, chemical and integrated methods have been tested with minimal success as compared to the rapid spread of the species. From previous studies, it has been noted that one of the reasons for the low success rates in mesquite control and management is a lack of sufficient information on the species invasion dynamic in relation to its very similar co-existing species. In order to bridge this gap in knowledge, vegetation species mapping techniques that use remote sensing methods need to be tested for the monitoring, detection and mapping of the species spread. Unlike traditional field survey methods, remote sensing techniques are better at monitoring vegetation as they can cover very large areas and are time-effective and cost- effective. Thus, the aim of this research was to examine the possibility of mapping and spectrally discriminating Prosopis glandulosa from its native co-existing species in semi-arid parts of South Africa using remote sensing methods.
    [Show full text]
  • The Prosopis Juliflora - Prosopis Pallida Complex: a Monograph
    DFID DFID Natural Resources Systems Programme The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph NM Pasiecznik With contributions from P Felker, PJC Harris, LN Harsh, G Cruz JC Tewari, K Cadoret and LJ Maldonado HDRA - the organic organisation The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph NM Pasiecznik With contributions from P Felker, PJC Harris, LN Harsh, G Cruz JC Tewari, K Cadoret and LJ Maldonado HDRA Coventry UK 2001 organic organisation i The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph Correct citation Pasiecznik, N.M., Felker, P., Harris, P.J.C., Harsh, L.N., Cruz, G., Tewari, J.C., Cadoret, K. and Maldonado, L.J. (2001) The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph. HDRA, Coventry, UK. pp.172. ISBN: 0 905343 30 1 Associated publications Cadoret, K., Pasiecznik, N.M. and Harris, P.J.C. (2000) The Genus Prosopis: A Reference Database (Version 1.0): CD ROM. HDRA, Coventry, UK. ISBN 0 905343 28 X. Tewari, J.C., Harris, P.J.C, Harsh, L.N., Cadoret, K. and Pasiecznik, N.M. (2000) Managing Prosopis juliflora (Vilayati babul): A Technical Manual. CAZRI, Jodhpur, India and HDRA, Coventry, UK. 96p. ISBN 0 905343 27 1. This publication is an output from a research project funded by the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID. (R7295) Forestry Research Programme. Copies of this, and associated publications are available free to people and organisations in countries eligible for UK aid, and at cost price to others. Copyright restrictions exist on the reproduction of all or part of the monograph.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Germination and Early Seedling Survival of the Invasive Species Prosopis Juliflora (Fabaceae) Depend on Habitat and Seed Dispersal Mode in the Caatinga Dry Forest
    Seed germination and early seedling survival of the invasive species Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae) depend on habitat and seed dispersal mode in the Caatinga dry forest Clóvis Eduardo de Souza Nascimento1,2, Carlos Alberto Domingues da Silva3,4, Inara Roberta Leal5, Wagner de Souza Tavares6, José Eduardo Serrão7, José Cola Zanuncio8 and Marcelo Tabarelli5 1 Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Trópico Semi-Árido, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brasil 2 Departamento de Ciências Humanas, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Juazeiro, Bahia, Brasil 3 Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil 4 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil 5 Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil 6 Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Ltd. (APRIL), PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper (RAPP), Pangkalan Kerinci, Riau, Indonesia 7 Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil 8 Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil ABSTRACT Background: Biological invasion is one of the main threats to tropical biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC. (Fabales: Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) was introduced in the Caatinga dry forest of Northeast Brazil at early 1940s and successfully spread across the region. As other invasive species, it may benefit from the soils and seed dispersal by livestock. Here we examine how seed Submitted 22 November 2018 Accepted 5 July 2020 dispersal ecology and soil conditions collectively affect seed germination, early Published 3 September 2020 seedling performance and consequently the P.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study on the Potential of the Multipurpose Prosopis Tree
    23 Underutilised crops for famine and poverty alleviation: a case study on the potential of the multipurpose Prosopis tree N.M. Pasiecznik, S.K. Choge, A.B. Rosenfeld and P.J.C. Harris In its native Latin America, the Prosopis tree (also known as Mesquite) has multiple uses as a fuel wood, timber, charcoal, animal fodder and human food. It is also highly drought-resistant, growing under conditions where little else will survive. For this reason, it has been introduced as a pioneer species into the drylands of Africa and Asia over the last two centuries as a means of reclaiming desert lands. However, the knowledge of its uses was not transferred with it, and left in an unmanaged state it has developed into a highly invasive species, where it encroaches on farm land as an impenetrable, thorny thicket. Attempts to eradicate it are proving costly and largely unsuccessful. In 2006, the problem of Prosopis was hitting the headlines on an almost weekly basis in Kenya. Yet amidst calls for its eradication, a pioneering team from the Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI) and HDRA’s International Programme set out to demonstrate its positive uses. Through a pilot training and capacity building programme in two villages in Baringo District, people living with this tree learned for the first time how to manage and use it to their benefit, both for food security and income generation. Results showed that the pods, milled to flour, would provide a crucial, nutritious food supplement in these famine-prone desert margins. The pods were also used or sold as animal fodder, with the first international order coming from South Africa by the end of the year.
    [Show full text]
  • In Western Australia
    Department of Agriculture and Food Situation statement: the ‘Prickle Bush’ Weeds (Mesquite, Parkinsonia and Prickly acacia) in Western Australia Jon Dodd, Andrew Reeves and Richard Watkins (Invasive Species Program, DAFWA) and Linda Anderson (Pilbara Mesquite Management Committee Inc.) November 2012 Prickle bush weeds situation statement Cover: Prickly acacia west of Wyndham. Photo by Tracey Vinnicombe, DAFWA IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER The Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Agriculture and Food and the State of Western Australia accept no liability whatsoever by reason of negligence or otherwise arising from the use or release of this information or any part of it. Copyright © Western Australian Agriculture Authority, 2012 For copyright enquiries please contact the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia. Page 2 of 47 Prickle bush weeds situation statement Situation Statement on the Prickle bush weeds (Mesquite, Parkinsonia and Prickly acacia) in Western Australia TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Purpose and scope ............................................................................................................................. 9 1.2 Links to DAFWA’s Invasive Species Strategy .......................................................................... 9 1.3 Ecological information .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Prosopis Juliflora Managing
    Department For International DFID Development ManagingManaging ProsopisProsopis juliflorajuliflora (Vilayati(Vilayati babul)babul) AA TechnicalTechnical ManualManual INTRODUCTION India covers an area of 3.29 million km2. Of this total, 51% is characterised as arable land, 16% as forest, 4% as permanent pasture and other grazing land, and 29% as degraded land unsuitable for cultivation. The eco-climate of the country varies from extreme arid to super humid. The arid and semi-arid regions together constitute over 40% of the country’s total land surface and are spread over ten States (Table 1). The climatic conditions in these areas do not support much growth and regeneration of plant species. Consequently, the vegetation is quite sparse. The forest cover in arid and semi-arid tracts of India varies from 1 to 10%. Furthermore, the forests in these regions are not species rich. Table 1. Extent of arid and semi-arid regions in India. State Percentage of total land area Arid Semi-arid Andhra Pradesh 7 14 Gujarat 20 9 Haryana 4 3 Karnataka 3 15 Madhya Pradesh 0 6 Maharashtra <1 20 Punjab 5 3 Rajasthan 61 13 Tamil Nadu 0 10 Uttar Pradesh 0 7 From time immemorial, human populations in arid and semi-arid regions have used the forest/woody resources freely for subsistence agriculture and for other small-scale economic activities like iron working and carpentry. Trees in the farming systems of arid and semi-arid tracts supply considerable amounts of timber, fuel and fodder. However, with ever increasing human and livestock population pressure during the last half century, deforestation has reached an alarming stage.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Exploding Lantana and the Lessons It Can Teach Us
    GENERAL ARTICLE The Case of Exploding Lantana and the Lessons it Can Teach Us Ankila J Hiremath Invasive alien species are a growing conservation problem, worldwide. There are over 200 invasive plants in India, of which Lantana camara is one of the best known. This article looks at a brief history of Lantana’s arrival and spread across the Indian subcontinent and the lessons that conservation bi- ologists can learn from it. Living in an Age of Ecological Explosions Ankila Hiremath is an ecologist at the Ashoka Trust In 1958, the British zoologist, Charles Elton, published a book for Research in Ecology and based on a series of radio broadcasts [1]. In the book, he talked the Environment. She is interested in invasive species, about what he called ‘ecological explosions,’ referring to the fire, and ecological tremendous increase in the numbers of some organisms. Un- restoration. She works in the like the more commonly understood meaning of the term ‘explo- Banni grasslands of Kutch in sion,’ Elton qualified that ecological explosions happened gradu- Gujarat, and in the forests of Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple ally (and were not accompanied by a loud noise). Yet, they could Tiger Reserve in Karnataka. be equally devastating in their impacts, whether by affecting hu- man health, or bringing about ecological transformations, or even causing species extinctions. What Elton was worried about while talking about ecological ex- plosions was the mixing of species from different biogeographical realms – whether accidentally, or purposefully. Biogeographical realms are large regions of the Earth that roughly correspond to the continents. These realms are separated from each other by ge- ographical barriers, e.g., oceans or high mountains.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanisms of Range Expansion and Removal of Mesquite in Desert Grasslands of the Southwestern United States
    United States Department Mechanisms of Range Expansion of Agriculture Forest Service and Removal of Mesquite in Desert Rocky Mountain Grasslands of the Southwestern Research Station General Technical United States Report RMRS-GTR-81 October 2001 Thomas B. Wilson Robert H. Webb Thomas L. Thompson Abstract ___________________________________________ Wilson, Thomas B.; Webb, Robert H.; Thompson, Thomas L. 2001. Mechanisms of range expansion and removal of mesquite in desert grasslands of the Southwestern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-81. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 23 p. During the last 150 years, two species of mesquite trees in the Southwestern United States have become increasingly common in what formerly was desert grassland. These trees have spread from nearby watercourses onto relatively xeric upland areas, decreasing rangeland grass production. Management attempts to limit or reverse this spread have been largely unsuccessful. This paper reviews studies regarding mesquite natural history and management strategies, emphasizing studies published during the past decade. Mesquite possess a deep root system and are capable of fixing atmospheric N, rendering them capable of accessing resources unavailable to other plants in open rangeland. Their seeds, which remain viable for decades, have a hard exocarp and require scarification before germination. Consumption by cattle provides a means of scarification and seed dispersal, and is a major factor contributing to the spread of mesquite in open rangelands. Increases in atmospheric CO2 and winter precipitation during the past century also contribute to enhanced seed germination. Removal techniques have included herbicides, prescribed burning, grazing reduction, and mechanical removal.
    [Show full text]
  • Phoenix Active Management Area Low-Water-Use/Drought-Tolerant Plant List
    Arizona Department of Water Resources Phoenix Active Management Area Low-Water-Use/Drought-Tolerant Plant List Official Regulatory List for the Phoenix Active Management Area Fourth Management Plan Arizona Department of Water Resources 1110 West Washington St. Ste. 310 Phoenix, AZ 85007 www.azwater.gov 602-771-8585 Phoenix Active Management Area Low-Water-Use/Drought-Tolerant Plant List Acknowledgements The Phoenix AMA list was prepared in 2004 by the Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR) in cooperation with the Landscape Technical Advisory Committee of the Arizona Municipal Water Users Association, comprised of experts from the Desert Botanical Garden, the Arizona Department of Transporation and various municipal, nursery and landscape specialists. ADWR extends its gratitude to the following members of the Plant List Advisory Committee for their generous contribution of time and expertise: Rita Jo Anthony, Wild Seed Judy Mielke, Logan Simpson Design John Augustine, Desert Tree Farm Terry Mikel, U of A Cooperative Extension Robyn Baker, City of Scottsdale Jo Miller, City of Glendale Louisa Ballard, ASU Arboritum Ron Moody, Dixileta Gardens Mike Barry, City of Chandler Ed Mulrean, Arid Zone Trees Richard Bond, City of Tempe Kent Newland, City of Phoenix Donna Difrancesco, City of Mesa Steve Priebe, City of Phornix Joe Ewan, Arizona State University Janet Rademacher, Mountain States Nursery Judy Gausman, AZ Landscape Contractors Assn. Rick Templeton, City of Phoenix Glenn Fahringer, Earth Care Cathy Rymer, Town of Gilbert Cheryl Goar, Arizona Nurssery Assn. Jeff Sargent, City of Peoria Mary Irish, Garden writer Mark Schalliol, ADOT Matt Johnson, U of A Desert Legum Christy Ten Eyck, Ten Eyck Landscape Architects Jeff Lee, City of Mesa Gordon Wahl, ADWR Kirti Mathura, Desert Botanical Garden Karen Young, Town of Gilbert Cover Photo: Blooming Teddy bear cholla (Cylindropuntia bigelovii) at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monutment.
    [Show full text]
  • Mesquite (Prosopis Species) the Problem
    weeds of national significance Mesquite – Prosopis species G Current G Potential Mesquite (Prosopis species) The problem Mesquite is a Weed of National Significance. It is regarded as one of the worst weeds in Australia because of its invasiveness, potential for spread, and economic and environmental impacts. There are four species and several hybrids Mesquite of Prosopis, which are all collectively known as mesquite. Mesquite’s economic impacts stem from its habit of forming dense, impenetrable – Prosopis thickets which, combined with its large thorns, prevent stock accessing watering holes and make mustering difficult. Mesquite also reduces the productivity of species pastoral country by taking over grasslands Mesquite can form impenetrable thickets, preventing access and reducing productivity of land. and using valuable water resources. Photo: CSIRO Other nuisances from mesquite include damage to animal hooves and vehicle branches extending outside the main tyres from thorns, and the poisoning canopy. Key points of livestock which consume excessive Mesquite leaves are fern-like. They occur • Mesquite, which includes four species and amounts of seed pods. at each point where the branch changes several hybrids, is one of four prickle bushes direction (the zig-zag) in groups of one Environmental impacts include land that have infestations scattered throughout to three pairs, often with one or two erosion resulting from the loss of semi-arid Australia. (See the back page for thorns. The greenish cream–yellow flowers grassland habitat that supports native more information.) are arranged on a cylindrical-shaped spike plants and animals; and the provision • It is a nuisance in rangelands where it forms which resembles a ‘lambs tail’, 50–80 mm dense impenetrable stands, particularly of safe refuges for feral animals such in length.
    [Show full text]
  • (Prosopis, Section Algarobia) in the Atacama Desert of Northern Chile
    RESEARCH ARTICLE The pre-Columbian introduction and dispersal of Algarrobo (Prosopis, Section Algarobia) in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile Virginia B. McRostie1,2,3*, Eugenia M. Gayo4,5, Calogero M. Santoro6, Ricardo De Pol- Holz5,7, Claudio Latorre2,3 1 Departamento de AntropologÂõa, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad CatoÂlica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 2 EcologõÂa & Centro UC Desierto de Atacama, Facultad de Ciencias BioloÂgicas, Pontificia Universidad CatoÂlica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 3 Instituto de EcologõÂa y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile, a1111111111 4 Departamento de OceanografõÂa, Universidad de ConcepcioÂn, ConcepcioÂn, Chile, 5 Center for Climate and a1111111111 Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago, Chile, 6 Instituto de Alta InvestigacioÂn, Laboratorio de ArqueologÂõa y a1111111111 Paleoambiente, Universidad de TarapacaÂ, Arica, Chile, 7 GAIA-Antartica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta a1111111111 Arenas, Chile a1111111111 * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Archaeological and palaeoecological studies throughout the Americas have documented Citation: McRostie VB, Gayo EM, Santoro CM, De Pol-Holz R, Latorre C (2017) The pre-Columbian widespread landscape and environmental transformation during the pre-Columbian era. The introduction and dispersal of Algarrobo (Prosopis, highly dynamic Formative (or Neolithic) period in northern Chile (ca. 3700±1550 yr BP) Section Algarobia) in the Atacama Desert of brought about the local establishment of agriculture, introduction of new crops (maize, qui- northern Chile. PLoS ONE 12(7): e0181759. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181759 noa, manioc, beans, etc.) along with a major population increase, new emergent villages and technological innovations. Even trees such as the Algarrobos (Prosopis section Algarobia) Editor: William J. Etges, University of Arkansas, UNITED STATES may have been part of this transformation.
    [Show full text]