Ancient Egyptians

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Ancient Egyptians This term we are learning about the Ancient Egyptians. We will explore their culture and way of life. Each week I will be setting you a few tasks to focus your learning. For this week I would like you to do the following: Task 5: Create a 3D model Using materials you can find around the house, design and make a tomb or sarcophagus for an Egyptian mummy. You can use the internet to research what Egyptian tombs and sarcophaguses look like. See if you can make the mummy to go inside as well. You could use bandages or toilet paper! Think carefully about how you will decorate your model so that it is fit for a king! Task 6: Egyptian Pharaohs Using the attached sheet, can you fill in the missing information about the Pharaohs. Use the internet to help you. Once completed, cut each box out and arrange them into a timeline in order from who reigned first to who reigned last. Egyptian Pharaohs reigned last. Then, stick them onto your paper in order. Arkenhaten Ramses II Akhenaten reigned from 1352 BC to 1334 Ramses reigned for 66 years. He came to BC. He reigned for years. He the throne in 1279 BC. He died in . was married to Nefertiti. He became known as Ramses the Great. twinkl.com twinkl.com Amenhotep III Tutankhamun Amenhotep came to the throne in at 12 years old. Tutankhamun was king when he was a He reigned for around 38 years. He died young boy. He ruled from 1336 BC to in 1354 BC and was buried in the Valley 1327 BC. When he died he was only of the Kings. years old. twinkl.com twinkl.com Hatshepsut Djoser Hatshepsut ruled with her stepson Djoser ruled for years. He Thutmose III from 1473 BC to . came to the throne in 2630 BC. Djoser She is remembered as one of the greatest female pharaohs. Ancient Egypt. He died in 2611 BC. twinkl.com twinkl.com Cleopatra VII Senusret III Cleopatra came to the throne in 51 BC. Senusret ruled from to 1839 She ruled for around 21 years. Cleopatra BC. He is remembered as one of the most died in powerful pharaohs. He ruled for around by a poisonous snake. 39 years. twinkl.com twinkl.com visit twinkl.com.

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Title 'Expanding the History of the Just
Title ‘Expanding the History of the Just War: The Ethics of War in Ancient Egypt.’ Abstract This article expands our understanding of the historical development of just war thought by offering the first detailed analysis of the ethics of war in ancient Egypt. It revises the standard history of the just war tradition by demonstrating that just war thought developed beyond the boundaries of Europe and existed many centuries earlier than the advent of Christianity or even the emergence of Greco-Roman thought on the relationship between war and justice. It also suggests that the creation of a prepotent ius ad bellum doctrine in ancient Egypt, based on universal and absolutist claims to justice, hindered the development of ius in bello norms in Egyptian warfare. It is posited that this development prefigures similar developments in certain later Western and Near Eastern doctrines of just war and holy war. Acknowledgements My thanks to Anthony Lang, Jr. and Cian O’Driscoll for their insightful and instructive comments on an early draft of this article. My thanks also to the three anonymous reviewers and the editorial team at ISQ for their detailed feedback in preparing the article for publication. A version of this article was presented at the Stockholm Centre for the Ethics of War and Peace (June 2016), and I express my gratitude to all the participants for their feedback. James Turner Johnson (1981; 1984; 1999; 2011) has long stressed the importance of a historical understanding of the just war tradition. An increasing body of work draws our attention to the pre-Christian origins of just war thought.1 Nonetheless, scholars and politicians continue to overdraw the association between Christian political theology and the advent of just war thought (O’Driscoll 2015, 1).
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Downloaded from Brill.Com10/02/2021 08:31:03PM Via Free Access 514 Appendix B
Appendix B Catalogue of Royal Statuary Dated/Attributed to Amenemhet III This catalogue includes a total of 93 statues or statue fragments that I have attributed to the reign of Amenemhet III. I have divided them into five groups based primarily on their preserved inscriptions and provenance. Group 1 includes those objects that pre- serve an inscription that confirms a date during the reign of Amenemhet III; they also have a known/excavated provenance, which serves to establish their general location of origin. Statues in Group 2 also have a textually confirmed date, but without a known provenance. Group 3 contains uninscribed pieces with a known primary provenance, and Group 4 contains examples that are attributed based on style alone. Group 5 in- cludes objects with a questionable attribution that scholars have dated variously, but most likely date to the reign of Amenemhet III. Following these five main groups is a short account of objects previously dated to Amenemhet III that I have chosen not to include. Group 1 – Inscribed, Provenance Known Abgig/Begig – No. 1 Cairo, RT 22/9/25/41 Fragment from a Sphinx of Amenemhet III Material: Limestone Measurements: L/Depth = 107 cm2 Provenance: Fayum, Ezbet el-Sufi, near Abgig/Begig Comments: 1 Alternative numbers include: SR 8V/13. 2 Cairo Museum Scholar Search Database. © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2020 | doi:10.1163/9789004422155_011 Lisa Saladino Haney - 9789004422155 Downloaded from Brill.com10/02/2021 08:31:03PM via free access 514 Appendix B Unfortunately, there is no published information related to the discovery of this object and there are no photographs.
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Portrait Versus Ideal Image فن تصوير الوجه (البورتريه)
PORTRAIT VERSUS IDEAL IMAGE فن تصوير الوجه (البورتريه) Dimitri Laboury EDITORS WILLEKE WENDRICH Editor-in-Chief Area Editor Material Culture University of California, Los Angeles JACCO DIELEMAN Editor University of California, Los Angeles ELIZABETH FROOD Editor University of Oxford JOHN BAINES Senior Editorial Consultant University of Oxford Short Citation: Laboury, 2010, Portrait versus Ideal Image. UEE. Full Citation: Laboury, Dimitri, 2010, Portrait versus Ideal Image. In Willeke Wendrich (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz0025jjv0 1141 Version 1, October 2010 http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz0025jjv0 PORTRAIT VERSUS IDEAL IMAGE فن تصوير الوجه (البورتريه) Dimitri Laboury Porträt versus Idealbildnis Portrait ou image idéal(isé)e Ancient Egyptian art’s concern with individualized human representation has generated much debate among Egyptologists about the very existence of portraiture in Pharaonic society. The issue has often—if not always—been thought of in terms of opposition between portrait and ideal image, being a major topic in the broader question of realism and formal relation to reality in ancient Egyptian art. After a brief analysis of the problem from a theoretical point of view, the article deals with the Egyptological reception of the subject and considers the concepts involved in the notion of portrait within the context of ancient Egyptian thought. A few significant cases selected from the corpus of royal statuary are then investigated in order to elucidate the motives and modalities of the interaction between portrait and ideal image in ancient Egyptian individualized representations. إن إھتمام الفن المصري القديم بتصوير اﻹنسان بطريقة فردية مصدر لكثير من الجدل ما بين علماء المصريات حول وجود فن تصوير الوجه (البورتريه) بالمجتمع الفرعوني.
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Ancient Egyptian Chronology and the Book of Genesis
Answers Research Journal 4 (2011):127–159. www.answersingenesis.org/arj/v4/ancient-egyptian-chronology-genesis.pdf Ancient Egyptian Chronology and the Book of Genesis Matt McClellan, [email protected] Abstract One of the most popular topics among young earth creationists and apologists is the relationship of the Bible with Ancient Egyptian chronology. Whether it concerns who the pharaoh of the Exodus was, the background of Joseph, or the identity of Shishak, many Christians (and non-Christians) have wondered how these two topics fit together. This paper deals with the question, “How does ancient Egyptian chronology correlate with the book of Genesis?” In answering this question it begins with an analysis of every Egyptian dynasty starting with the 12th Dynasty (this is where David Down places Moses) and goes back all the way to the so called “Dynasty 0.” After all the data is presented, this paper will look at the different possibilities that can be constructed concerning how long each of these dynasties lasted and how they relate to the biblical dates of the Great Flood, the Tower of Babel, and the Patriarchs. Keywords: Egypt, pharaoh, Patriarchs, chronology, Abraham, Joseph Introduction Kingdom) need to be revised. This is important During the past century some scholars have when considering the relationship between Egyptian proposed new ways of dating the events of ancient history and the Tower of Babel. The traditional dating history before c. 700 BC.1 In 1991 a book entitled of Ancient Egyptian chronology places its earliest Centuries of Darkness by Peter James and four of dynasties before the biblical dates of the Flood and his colleagues shook the very foundations of ancient confusion of the languages at Babel.
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The Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt: Oppressors Or Great
order • proposal • value • oppressive • revolution • stability SoGen Unit 6.1 social THE PHARAOHS OF studies ANCIENT EGYPT: OPPRESSORS OR GREAT LEADERS? SOCIAL STUDIES ACTIVITIES Session 1 2–3 Reader’s Theater Identifying Diﬀerent Perspectives and Support Session 2 4–7 Building Background Knowledge Class Discussion Session 3 8–10 Understanding the Pharaohs Session 4 11–12 It’s Debate Time! Session 5 13–14 Writing SUPPLEMENTARY ACTIVITIES FOR OTHER CONTENT AREAS ELA 15 Twitter Revolutions Math 16 Mathematics with Knotted Ropes Science 17 Precautions in the Lab FOCUS WORDS Examining the Focus Words Closely 18 © 2015 SERP SoGen Unit 6.1 1 Session 1 order • proposal • value • oppressive • revolution • stability Reader’s Theater Comparing Parents to Pharaohs Setting: Tiana, Tray, and Ingrid are walking to school together. They stop to pick up their friend Raul. Since he hasn’t been answering their phone calls, Tiana knocks loudly on his door. After a minute, Raul storms out of his house. Raul: I swear! My parents are like…oppressors! Raul: I’m way ahead of you, Tiana. I did suggest going Tiana: What? somewhere more aﬀordable, and my parents said, “No!” Honestly, I think they just want other parents to be Raul: My parents! They act like those people we’ve been impressed because they take their kids to Disney World. studying in social studies, the pharaohs in ancient Egypt. My aunt and uncle took their kids to the Grand Canyon They’re oppressive! last summer and they can’t stop talking about it. My Tiana: So you’re saying that your parents collect taxes parents are doing this just to look good, so they really from you and force you to build pyramids? Right.
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Historiografski Problemi Kronologije Staroegipatske Povijesti U Hrvatskim Povijesnim Znanostima I Nastavi Povijesti
Mladen Tomorad Filozofski fakultet u Zagrebu Pregledni članak UDK: 930.24(32):930(497.5) Historiografski problemi kronologije staroegipatske povijesti u hrvatskim povijesnim znanostima i nastavi povijesti U članku autor raspravlja različite probleme vezane uz upotrebu staroegipatske kro- nologije u povijesnim znanostima. Posebno se analizira pojam datacija te daje pregled raznih metoda vremenskog određenja za arheološke nalaze, staroegipatske kronologije i računanje vremena kod starih Egipćana, podjela na dinastije te povijesnih izvora na kojima se sama kronologija zasniva. U posebnom poglavlju autor daje pregled upo- trebe raznih kronologija u povijesnim znanostima u Hrvatskoj od sredine 19. stoljeća do danas te njene upotrebe u udžbenicima povijesti. U završnom dijelu članka autor donosi novu kronologiju staroegipatske povijesti koja se zasniva na rezultatima naj- novijih istraživanja te za koju smatra da bi se trebala isključivo upotrebljavati u svim budućim povijesnim djelima. Ključne riječi: datacija, računanje vremena, kronologija, metode datiranja, Stari Egipat, faraon, dinastija, povijesni izvori, kronološke tablice 1. Datacija i metode datiranja arheoloških ostataka Svaka osoba koja se bavila izučavanjem arheološke građe zna da je jedan od najte- žih koraka prilikom znanstvene analize i obrade svakog predmeta odrediti njegovu starost. To je osobito teško u slučajevima naših vrlo starih predmeta koji se čuvaju u pojedinim muzejskim zbirkama jer je kontekst njihova nalaza najčešće nepoznat te su oni u razne institucije često stigli putem brojnih posrednika. Što je datacija? Pojam datacija (lat. datatio) znači da se svaki predmet mora sta- viti u neki vremenski kontekst, odrediti njegova starost, odnosno staviti ga u neke vremenske granice. Samo određenje starosti nalaza prilikom arheoloških iskapanja može biti relativno i apsolutno.
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Ancient Egypt
Nefertiti (1370 BC – 1330 BC) was the wife of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten. She may have also ruled as pharaoh after her husband's death. She was made famous by her bust, now in Berlin’s Altes Museum. It was attributed to the sculptor Tutmose and was found in his workshop. ANCIENT EGYPT I) INTRODUCTION Already in the old Stone Age hunters and fishermen lived on the banks of the Nile River. The people learned to cultivate the soil and grow crops. They domesticated animals and irrigated their land. Eventually city states emerged and trade with other cultures developed. Towards the end of the fourth millennium BC several independent city-states united to form a single state ruled by one king, or pharaoh. This state soon developed a highly distinctive culture. The civilization of Ancient Egypt lasted almost 30 centuries and was most powerful in the second millennium BC. In 332 BC, the arrival of Alexander the Great marked the beginning of the end of an independent civilization in the Nile valley. 1 1) Find two words in the text that match the following definitions: a) _______________ : (v): to bring water to land through a system of pipes, ditches etc to make plants grow. b) ________________ :(adj.) : easy to recognize because of being different from other people or things of the same type. 2) Are the following sentences true or false? Correct those that are false. a) Ancient Egypt was a civilization that lasted for a short time. b) The River Nile was the basis for the development of Ancient Egypt’s civilization.
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THE CAIRO DAHSHUR BOATS a Thesis by PEARCE PAUL
THE CAIRO DAHSHUR BOATS A Thesis by PEARCE PAUL CREASMAN Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS December 2005 Major Subject: Anthropology THE CAIRO DAHSHUR BOATS A Thesis by PEARCE PAUL CREASMAN Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Approved by: Chair of Committee, Cemal Pulak Committee Members, Filipe Vieira de Castro James Rosenheim Head of Department, David Carlson December 2005 Major Subject: Anthropology iii ABSTRACT The Cairo Dahshur Boats. (December 2005) Pearce Paul Creasman, B.A., The University of Maine Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Cemal Pulak Excavations conducted in A.D. 1894 and 1895 by French archaeologist Jean- Jacques de Morgan at the funerary complex of the ancient Egyptian Middle Kingdom pharaoh Senwosret III on the plain of Dahshur revealed some unparalleled finds which included five or six small boats. These boats provide a unique opportunity in nautical archaeology—to study contemporaneous hulls. Today, only four of the "Dahshur boats" can be located with certainty; two are in the United States, one in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh and one in the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. The remaining two are on display in The Egyptian Museum, Cairo. Since their excavation these boats remained relatively inconspicuous until the mid-1980s when a study of the two hulls in the United States was conducted. However, the two boats in Cairo remained largely unpublished.
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Diplomová Práce
Univerzita Karlova Filozofická fakulta Český egyptologický ústav Diplomová práce PhDr. Bc. Jan Rovenský, Ph.D. The Land to its Limits: Borders and Border Stelae in Ancient Egypt Praha 2021 Vedoucí práce: doc. PhDr. Jana Mynářová, Ph.D. 1 Acknowledgements: I would like to thank Jana Mynářová for her stalwart support (not only) during the writing of this thesis. Many thanks are due to the other members of the Czech Institute of Egyptology for their help and guidance. This thesis would never have seen the light of day without the support of my family – from those who have departed, as well as those who have arrived. Thank you for your everlasting patience. 2 Prohlášení: Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci vypracoval samostatně, že jsem řádně citoval všechny použité prameny a literaturu a že práce nebyla využita v rámci jiného vysokoškolského studia či k získání jiného nebo stejného titulu. V Praze 9. dubna 2021 Jan Rovenský 3 Klíčová slova: hraniční stéla; hranice; Senusret III; Thutmose I; Thutmose III; Núbie Keywords: border stela; boundary; frontier; Senusret III, Thutmose I; Thutmose III; Nubia 4 Abstrakt Diplomová práce zkoumá tzv. hraniční stély a věnuje se i konceptu hranic ve starověkém Egyptě. Na základě historické, archeologické a epigrafické analýzy daných artefaktů dochází k závěru, že by se v egyptologii měla přestat používat kategorie „hraniční stéla“, jelikož existuje jen jediný monument, který lze označit jako hraniční stélu, jmenovitě stélu z 8. roku vlády Senusreta III. objevené v pevnosti v Semně. Abstract This M.A. thesis examines so-called border stelae in ancient Egypt, as well as the concept of the border.
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UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology
UCLA UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology Title Late Middle Kingdom Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gk7274p Journal UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, 1(1) Author Grajetzki, Wolfram Publication Date 2013-07-06 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California LATE MIDDLE KINGDOM ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ Wolfram Grajetzki EDITORS WILLEKE WENDRICH Editor-in-Chief University of California, Los Angeles JACCO DIELEMAN Editor University of California, Los Angeles ELIZABETH FROOD Editor University of Oxford JOHN BAINES Senior Editorial Consultant University of Oxford Short Citation: Grajetzki, 2013, Late Middle Kingdom. UEE. Full Citation: Grajetzki, Wolfram, 2013, Late Middle Kingdom. Willeke Wendrich (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz002hcnh5 8764 Version 1, July 2013 http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz002hcnh5 LATE MIDDLE KINGDOM ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ Wolfram Grajetzki Spätes Mittleres Reich Fin du Moyen Empire In the Egyptian late Middle Kingdom (from Senusret III in the mid 12th to the 13th Dynasty), innovations are visible at all levels of Egyptian culture and administration. At this time, the country was heavily centralized, and there are several indications of a wish for tighter control in administration, while local governors lost much of their power. Royal activities were mainly focused on the Memphis-Fayum region, with Abydos and Thebes being two other important centers. At Avaris in the east Delta, the population grew substantially, also due to the influx of many foreigners from the Near East. Senusret III launched military campaigns against Nubia and Palestine, on a scale not attested before.
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Biblical Timeline (PDF)
Years from Adam (Anno Mundi – Year of the World) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 Adam 0-930 Genesis 5:3-5 Seth 130-1042 Genesis 5:6-8 Enosh 235-1140 Genesis 5:9-11 Cainan 325-1235 Genesis 5:12-14 Mahalalel 395-1290 Genesis 5:15-17 Jared 460-1422 Genesis 5:18-20 Enoch And Enoch walked with God; 622-987 and he was not, for God took Genesis 5:21-23 him. Genesis 5:24 Methuselah Genesis 5:25-27 687-1656 Abel Lamech The Flood The Dates Unknown Genesis 5:28, 30-31 874-1651 Cain Noah Dates Unknown Genesis 5:32 1056-2006 Enoch Japheth Creation Dates Unknown Genesis 5:32, 10:21 1556-? Irad Shem Dates Unknown Genesis 11:10-11 1558-2508 Ham Genesis does not provide dates for the birth Mehujael or death of Cain or Abel or any of Cain’s Dates Unknown Dates Unknown descendants. The genealogy of Cain is Methushael shown here based on Genesis 4 with an assumed average lifespan of 900 years and Dates Unknown age of 75 at the birth of the next generation Lamech Dates Unknown Jabal Dates Unknown Father of those who dwell in tents. Genesis 4:20 Jubal Dates Unknown Father of those who play the harp and flute. Genesis 4:21 Tubal-Cain Instructor of every craftsman in Dates Unknown bronze and iron. Genesis 4:22 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 Key Messianic Line Key Events Mentioned in Scripture References are to actual event Other historical figures ¶ Indicates prophetic reference Prophets 3300 BC 3200 BC 3100 BC 3000 BC 2900 BC 2800 BC 2700 BC 2600 BC 2500 BC 2400 BC 2300 BC 2200
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Inclinations of Egyptian Pyramids and Finding of the Divine Essence
Archaeoastronomy and Ancient Technologies 2015, 3(1), 1-27; http://aaatec.org/art/a_gs1 www.aaatec.org ISSN 2310-2144 Inclinations of Egyptian Pyramids and Finding of the Divine Essence Stanislav Arkadievich Grigoriev Institute of History and Archaeology, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The aim of this research is discovery of astronomical reasons in orientation of slopes of Egyptian pyramids used as tombs for pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. The article contains results of statistical analysis of change in inclination of slopes of the pyramids (3rd – 2nd millennia BC) depending on time of their building. The first year of the corresponding pharaoh‟s reign has been accepted, as usually it is considered that building of pyramids ones started during either the first or second year of the reign. On the base of the obtained results a conclusion has been drawn that the average annual change of the angle of slopes of pyramids was close to value of the precession of the equinoxes. The sides were directed to the Sun at culmination, but a day for this procedure was chosen by the acronical rising of some stars after the autumnal equinox. In the course of research days of heliacal and acronical risings of some mythologically important stars have been determined for the first year of pharaohs reign. Within framework of the suggested hypothesis, the received days have been compared with days when the Sun was at culmination at height equal to the angle of slopes of a corresponding pyramid. Such comparison has made possible to discover that the inclination of the slopes of the earliest pyramids was connected with acronical rising of star Betelgeuse that has been connected with Osiris cult.
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