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Wetenschappelijke Verhandeling IK DEEL DUS IK

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Wetenschappelijke Verhandeling IK DEEL DUS IK UNIVERSITEIT GENT FACULTEIT POLITIEKE EN SOCIALE WETENSCHAPPEN IK DEEL DUS IK BEN? EEN LITERATUURSTUDIE OVER IDENTITEITSCONSTRUCTIE OP FACEBOOK Wetenschappelijke verhandeling aantal woorden: 26.948 ANNELIES PUYPE MASTERPROEF COMMUNICATIEWETENSCHAPPEN afstudeerrichting FILM- EN TELEVISIESTUDIES PROMOTOR: (PROF.) DR. PIETER VERDEGEM COMMISSARIS: (PROF.) DR. SOFIE VAN BAUWEL ACADEMIEJAAR 2013 – 2014 1 Deze pagina is niet beschikbaar omdat ze persoonsgegevens bevat. Universiteitsbibliotheek Gent, 2021. This page is not available because it contains personal information. Ghent Universit , Librar , 2021. Abstract Deze studie focust op identiteitsconstructie op Facebook. De onderzoeksvraag is wat identiteit op Facebook betekent en op welke manieren we deze identiteit construeren. We vertrekken vanuit de inzichten van enkele academici en theoretici zoals Rogers (1951), Higgens (1987), Mead (1934), Blumer (1969), Cooley (1964), Giddens (1991), Bourdieu (1984) en Turkle (1995b, 1994a, 1999). Hun standpunten op identiteit passen we toe op de online omgeving van Facebook. Centraal echter staan de dramaturgische standpunten van Goffman (1959) uit The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. De gebruikte methode is een literatuurstudie die uitlegt wat identiteit is en verder nagaat hoe we op een sociale netwerksite als Facebook onszelf presenteren en een online identiteit construeren. De belangrijkste bevindingen uit deze literatuurstudie zijn dat we onze online identiteit creëren in sociale interactie met anderen en dat die anderen onze identiteit bevestigen. Wanneer we onszelf op Facebook presenteren, doen we dit door verschillende soorten identiteitsclaims te maken. Enerzijds menen enkelen dat onze online identiteit een performance en een geïdealiseerde versie van onszelf is, anderzijds menen anderen dat dit niet het geval is. Ook moeten we de impressies die we geven en afgeven managen. Er zijn verschillende strategieën om dit te doen. Ten slotte surveilleert Facebook ons en construeren we door zijn statische interface een uniforme en voorgedefinieerde identiteit. Deze identiteit is niet meer alleen van ons, maar ook van third parties zoals adverteerders en werkgevers. Implicaties van deze literatuurstudie zijn wetenschappelijk en sociaaltheoretisch van aard. De bevindingen uit deze samenvattende studie kunnen een vertrekpunt zijn voor academici en theoretici die werken rond online omgevingen en identiteitsconstructie. Ook regulatorische instanties zoals privacycommissies kunnen door deze studie een beter zicht krijgen op wat de oorzaken zijn van en de oplossingen zijn voor verdere identiteitsgerelateerde privacykwesties op Facebook. 3 Woordje vooraf ‘In ieder leven dooft het innerlijke vuur wel eens. Door een ontmoeting met een ander mens kan het weer opvlammen. We zouden dankbaar moeten zijn voor die mensen die onze innerlijke geest aanvuren’. Albert Schweitzer Papa. Bedankt omdat je me de kans hebt gegeven om te studeren. Je hebt altijd in me geloofd en me gesteund bij alles wat ik deed. De ups maar ook de talrijke diepe zuchten heb je met de vaderlijke mantel der liefde omhelsd. Mijn promotor Pieter Verdegem. Bedankt voor het vertrouwen en de richting die je me hebt aangewezen. Je tips zijn altijd nuttig geweest. Mijn zus, Aurélie, Valentine, Gudrun en Tijl. Jullie zijn mijn luisterende oren en mijn omhelzende handen. Mama. Ik draag deze scriptie op aan jou. Ik heb er hard aan gewerkt en hoop dat je trots op me bent. 4 Inhoudstafel Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 3 Woordje vooraf........................................................................................................................................ 4 Inhoudstafel ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Lijst met afbeeldingen ............................................................................................................................. 9 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................ 10 I. IDENTITEIT: DE BASIS .................................................................................................................. 11 1. Soorten zelf........................................................................................................................................ 11 1.1 True self ....................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Ideal self ...................................................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Ought self .................................................................................................................................... 12 2. Visies op identiteit ............................................................................................................................. 12 2.1 Symbolisch interactionisme ........................................................................................................ 12 2.1.1 Rollenspel ............................................................................................................................. 12 2.1.2 Sociale constructie ................................................................................................................ 13 2.1.2.1 Looking glass ................................................................................................................ 13 2.1.2.2 Sociale structuur ............................................................................................................ 13 2.1.3 Procesmatige identiteit ......................................................................................................... 14 2.1.3.1 Vaste identiteit ............................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Post-structuralistisme .................................................................................................................. 15 2.2.1 Structuratietheorie Giddens .................................................................................................. 15 2.2.1.1 Habitus Bourdieu ........................................................................................................... 15 2.2.1.1.1 Veld en kapitaal ...................................................................................................... 16 2.3 Postmodernisme .......................................................................................................................... 16 II. GOFFMAN EN PERFORMANCE .................................................................................................. 17 1. Sociale interactie en zelfpresentatie .................................................................................................. 17 1.1 Expressions given en given off.................................................................................................... 17 1.2 Performance................................................................................................................................. 18 1.3 Idealisering .................................................................................................................................. 18 2. Impressiemanagement ....................................................................................................................... 19 2.1 Publiek versus privaat ................................................................................................................. 19 2.1.1 Frontstage ............................................................................................................................. 19 2.1.2 Backstage .............................................................................................................................. 20 2.2 Publieksfragmentatie ................................................................................................................... 20 2.3 Normen en waarden ..................................................................................................................... 21 5 III. DIGITALISERING ......................................................................................................................... 22 1. Communicatietechnologie en identiteit ............................................................................................. 22 1.1 De computer als testobject .......................................................................................................... 22 1.1.1 Computer-mediated communication .................................................................................... 23 1.2 Internet als katalysator ................................................................................................................. 23 IV. FACEBOOK ................................................................................................................................... 24 1. Sociale netwerksites .......................................................................................................................... 24 2. Identiteit op Facebook ....................................................................................................................... 24 2.1 Symbolisch interactionisme
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