Pavement Marking Technical Manual
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Utrecht Art Supplies What Not to Use As Varnish
Utrecht Art Supplies What Not to Use as Varnish • Removable with light solvents and gentle manipulation (should not require strong solvents or hard scrubbing) • Should not fuse with, soften or dissolve completely dry paint • Resin content should be documented to aid in later cleaning and care Alkyd Alkyd-based painting mediums are great for improving paint flow, imparting gloss, increasing transparency, and promoting a tough, flexible Ask the Expert: "Lately I've been finishing my paint film, but as a top-coat, they aren't oil paintings with a coat of alkyd medium to give reversible with even very harsh solvents. A coat a shiny finish. My friend says this might not be a of alkyd is permanent, for better or worse. Also, good idea. If I can coat an acrylic painting with some alkyd mediums impart harsh glare, making gloss medium, what's the problem with using it difficult to install and light the finished work. alkyd medium on oils?" Wax A: Artists sometimes make the mistake of top- coating a painting with a medium or other Wax is sometimes used as a top-coat over material which gives a good appearance in the paintings, but it has some significant short term, but which causes problems later. shortcomings for this application. Wax remains Alkyd-based painting mediums are great for their soft indefinitely, so it doesn't impart protection intended purpose, but alkyds don't meet the against mechanical damage from handling and requirements of a picture varnish. casual contact. Wax also tends to attract and hold dust. Cold wax medium has an attractive A picture varnish should satisfy these appearance when first applied, especially when functions: buffed to a shine, but can later become • Permanently neutral in color and lackluster. -
Vinyl Toluene Modified Alkyd Resins
VINYL TOLUENE MODIFIED ALKYD RESINS VT can be used to prepare a wide variety of alkyd coating resins. In general, the base alkyd is formulated to use low cost VT to reduce the oil length of the vehicle. For example using VT with a very long-oil soya alkyd produces improved drying time and hardness. These improvements are realized without reducing the good naphtha solubility of the vehicle. OIL AND BASE ALKYD SELECTION The type of oil used in the copolymer reaction is an important variable. Variations in the chemical structure such as degree of unsaturation, type of unsaturation and degree of polymerization have an effect on the product. Copolymers prepared from heavy-bodied oils have higher viscosities, faster drying rates and greater utility for protective coatings than those based on lower viscosity oils. Conjugated oils react readily with VT to form compatible products without use of a catalyst. VT reactivity with unconjugated oils is less active and appears to be a function of the Iodine value of the oil. Use of a small amount of suitable catalyst allows production of products with good homogeneity from any of the convential drying and semi-drying oils. Copolymers of maximum hardness, toughness and flexibility can be prepared by using one of the highly reactive oils such as dehydrated castor oil. VT modified alkyd properties depend upon the base alkyd resin used. Close attention must be given to the choice of polyhydric alcohols and the average functionality of the acids in addition to the type and amount of drying oil used. Viscosity buildup, dry time and film integrity are influenced by the functionality of both the polyhydric alcohol and acid constituents. -
Kinetics of Castor Oil Alkyd Resin Polycondensation Reaction
ineering ng & E P l r a o c i c e m s e s Journal of h T C e f c h o Uzoh and Onukwuli, J Chem Eng Process Technol 2015, 6:4 l ISSN: 2157-7048 n a o n l o r g u y o J Chemical Engineering & Process Technology DOI: 10.4172/2157-7048.1000240 Research Article Article OpenOpen Access Access Kinetics of Castor Oil Alkyd Resin Polycondensation Reaction Uzoh CF* and Onukwuli OD and Madiebo Emeka Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria Abstract An appropriate kinetic law that governs some important conditions of the reaction process for dehydrated castor monoglyceride modified alkyd resin has been developed. A kinetic experiment was conducted following a standard procedure. The classical third order conversion rate model was utilized in determining the rate parameters while the viscosity-conversion model suggested by the free-volume theory was applied for the viscosity kinetics studies. The kinetic model considered for this study adequately predicts the reaction progress even beyond the actual gelation point. The effects of the system parameters on both the predicted yields and the corresponding conversion rates were documented in a well-designed sampling space implemented by statistical screening optimization paradigm. The effects of system parameters on the reaction rates further investigated based on Arrhenius equation detect a heavy mass transfer resistance during the esterification process. A detailed analysis of the response reveals a deviation from linear first order kinetics and possible transition to second and higher order kinetics in the later stages of the esterification reaction. -
Some Equipment Innovations to Improve Safety of Highway Users and Maintenance Workers
Some Equipment Innovations To Improve Safety of Highway Users and Maintenance Workers G. POINT Among the many Innovations developed in France in the field Driver-Controlled Applications of road maintenance, three in particular mny significantly im· prove users' and maintenance workers' safety: (a) the cone djs. • Cones can be placed at the required distance on either penser, whlch automatically and rapidly ets up and remove side of the vehicle. one or two rows of warning cones; (b) the mobile lane separator, • Cones, even overturned ones, can be collected from which can place road mnrkcr block that are imib1r to the New either side of the vehicle. Jersey type of barrier at either 12 or 30 km/ hr and (c) the • Cones can be picked up from one side and G810 road surface marking lorry for road sorfa line painting using several new technique that improve productivity a well simultaneously moved up to 3.5 m away on the other side. as personnel and t1:affic safety. These machines and their ad· • A traffic lane can be designated by setting down two vantages are discussed. lines of cones separated by a preprogrammed distance. Three kinds of equipment for road maintenance are discussed The standard cone dispenser only operates moving forward, in this paper. but an optional version is available for working in reverse. Recommended Vehicle CONE DISPENSER The recommended vehicle has a gross laden weight of 4.5 tonnes and a wheelbase of 3.2 m. With constantly growing volume of road traffic and the in· creasing number of maintenance operations, safety levels must Conclusion be increased. -
Are Work Zones and Connected Automated Vehicles Ready for a Harmonious Coexistence? a Scoping Review and Research Agenda
Dehman and Farooq 1 Are Work Zones and Connected Automated Vehicles Ready for a Harmonious Coexistence? A Scoping Review and Research Agenda Amjad Dehman, Ph.D., Senior Researcher* Laboratory of Innovations in Transportation (Litrans) Centre for Urban Innovation, Ryerson University 44 Gerrard Street East, Toronto ON M5G 1G3, Canada Emails: [email protected], [email protected] Phone: 416-979-5000 ext. 556456 Bilal Farooq, Ph.D., Associate Professor Laboratory of Innovations in Transportation (Litrans) Centre for Urban Innovation, Ryerson University 44 Gerrard Street East, Toronto ON M5G 1G3, Canada Emails: [email protected] Phone: 416-979-5000 ext. 556456 * Corresponding Author Abstract The recent advent of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) is expected to transform the transportation system. CAV technologies are being developed rapidly and they are foreseen to penetrate the market at a rapid pace. On the other hand, work zones (WZs) have become common areas on highway systems as a result of the increasing construction and maintenance activities. The near future will therefore bring the coexistence of CAVs and WZs which makes their interaction inevitable. WZs expose all vehicles to a sudden and complex geometric change in the roadway environment, something that may challenge many of CAV navigation capabilities. WZs however also impose a space contraction resulting in adverse traffic impacts, something that legitimately calls for benefiting from the highly efficient CAV functions. CAVs should be able to reliably traverse WZ geometry and WZs should benefit from CAV intelligent functions. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art and the key concepts, opportunities, and challenges of deploying CAV systems at WZs. -
Modified Alkyd Resins As the Versatile Coating Materials Derived from Vegetable Oils
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Archives of Applied Science Research, 2017, 9 (1):7-12 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 097-0X CODEN (USA) AASRC9 Modified Alkyd Resins as the Versatile Coating Materials derived from Vegetable Oils A Hasnat* Natural Product and Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, G. F. College (Affili- ated to M J P Rohilkhand University) Shahjahanpur, U.P. India ABSTRACT Over the years efforts have been made to design eco-friendly specialty chemicals from natural renewable resources. Among different renewable resources vegetable oils obtained from various seeds spotted largely due to their unique properties, functionalities and worldwide abundant availability. In the present review article efforts have been made to highlight the inside of the alkyd resins; oldest polymeric resin derived from vegetable oils, with respect to time to time technological modifications to improve the practical utilities. In view to reduce the use of organic solvents, synthesis and application of different types of water-born alkyds were enlightened in detailed. Furthermore, utilization of nontraditional and nonconventional seed oils in the development of versatile resin also accounted which ultimately provides profitable utilization to them as well as reduces the cost of final products. Keywords: Vegetable oil, Renewable resource, Alkyd resin, Coating materials INTRODUCTION The consumer and industrial both interests in the progress of eco-friendly materials have catapulted the environmentally benign agricultural resources as feedstock for the production of valuable polymers. Over the years efforts have been made to design eco-friendly specialty chemicals from the spectrum of natural renewable resources [1-3]. -
Development of an Automated Visibility Analysis Framework for Pavement Markings Based on the Deep Learning Approach
remote sensing Article Development of an Automated Visibility Analysis Framework for Pavement Markings Based on the Deep Learning Approach Kyubyung Kang 1 , Donghui Chen 2 , Cheng Peng 2, Dan Koo 1, Taewook Kang 3,* and Jonghoon Kim 4 1 Department of Engineering Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46038, USA; [email protected] (K.K.); [email protected] (D.K.) 2 Department of Computer and Information Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46038, USA; [email protected] (D.C.); [email protected] (C.P.) 3 Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang-si 10223, Korea 4 Department of Construction Management, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-10-3008-5143 Received: 29 September 2020; Accepted: 13 November 2020; Published: 23 November 2020 Abstract: Pavement markings play a critical role in reducing crashes and improving safety on public roads. As road pavements age, maintenance work for safety purposes becomes critical. However, inspecting all pavement markings at the right time is very challenging due to the lack of available human resources. This study was conducted to develop an automated condition analysis framework for pavement markings using machine learning technology. The proposed framework consists of three modules: a data processing module, a pavement marking detection module, and a visibility analysis module. The framework was validated through a case study of pavement markings training data sets in the U.S. It was found that the detection model of the framework was very precise, which means most of the identified pavement markings were correctly classified. -
Assembly of Driving Schools, Thailand Translated from Thai Version of a Manual Book for Driver’S License Test Developed by Department of Land Transport
Cover Manual book for driver’s license test The Land Traffic Act, B.E. 2522 (1979) Assembly of Driving Schools, Thailand Translated from Thai version of a manual book for driver’s license test developed by Department of Land Transport. Introduction Everyday road accident has caused many problems including life and property damages. Based on study, most of accidents were caused by people or having improper driving behaviors. Some of people do not understand traffic rules, drive with little caution, lack of driving skills, lack of awareness in driving with safety, and lack of disciplines to follow traffic rules. To increase knowledge related to traffic rules, regulations, skills in preventing from accidents and how to use road with safety, therefore, Department of Land Transport developed a manual related to “The Land Traffic Act, B.E. 2522 (1979) and The Motor Car Act, B. E. 2522 (1979). These two manuals aimed to disseminate knowledge about traffic rule, and correct use of motor car and road to interested people who wants to take a driving test. These manuals also help readers to understand traffic rule and drive better with quality and standard ways. Assembly of Driving Schools, Thailand April 2007 Content Introduction Manual book for driver’s license test The Land Traffic Act, B.E. 2522 (1979) . Definition . Use of vehicle . Use of vehicle’s light and horn . Loading . Traffic signals and signs . Driving or riding . Taking over other vehicle . Taking off, Taking turn, and Taking U-turn . Stopping and parking . Speed regulations . Driving pass intersection or roundabout . Emergency vehicle . Drawing and pulling . -
COATINGS for ARCHITECTURAL METALS Durability + Design a Collection Coatings for Architectural Metals
COATINGS FOR ARCHITECTURAL METALS Durability + Design A Collection Coatings for Architectural Metals A Durability + Design Collection Copyright 2012 Technology Publishing Company 2100 Wharton Street, Suite 310 Pittsburgh, PA 15203 All Rights Reserved This eBook may not be copied or redistributed without the written permission of the publisher. SPONSORED BY Contents ii ® FEVE RESIN Contents iv Introduction COATINGS FOR BUILDING ENVELOPE METALS 1 The Finish Line: Picking a Winning Chemistry for Architectural Aluminum by Tony Pupp, Linetec 6 Curtain Walls—Exterior Metals: A Premium on Performance by Allen Zielnik, Atlas Material Testing Technology LLC 10 Warning: Powder Coatings Zone by Walter R. Scarborough, Hall Building Information Group, LLC 15 Anodization Analyzed by Tammy Schroeder, Linetec 21 Getting More Mileage from the Metal Roof by Bob Brenk, Aldo Products Company, Inc. Ready for Prime Time: Low-VOC Fluoropolymer Coating Counted On to 25 Generate Buzz in California and Other Venues Where ‘Green’ Takes Top Billing by Joe Maty, D+D 28 Mega Makeover Delivers... More Than a Pretty Facade by Joe Maty, D+D Contents iii Contents COATINGS FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL 31 Proving Their Mettle by Jayson L. Helsel, KTA-Tator, Inc. New Possibilities for Polyurethanes: Waterbornes on Metal 34 by Margaret Kendi, Pete Schmitt, and Raymond Stewart, Bayer MaterialScience, LLC High Performance, Low VOCs: Formulating Advances Deliver Water- 39 borne Epoxies That Meet the Demands of the Day for Metal Coatings by Daniel J. Weinmann, Ph.D., Hexion Specialty Chemicals FIRE-RESISTIVE COATINGS FOR METAL Fire-Resistive Coatings for Metal—Fire Drill: The Basics on Coatings 43 that Protect by Jayson Helsel, KTA-Tator, Inc. -
Alkyd Polyesters Creating Performance Through Chemistry
ALKYD POLYESTERS CREATING PERFORMANCE THROUGH CHEMISTRY Measurable Building upon decades spent advancing materials Performance Benefit chemistry innovation, NatureWorks offers solutions based on lactides and lactide intermediates that help innovators within the coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers (C.A.S.E.), toner and surfactant industries realize: Lactides Significant, measurable product performance benefits Optimized Faster R&D Supply Chain Polyols and Scale-Up Move through the R&D process more efficiently and with minimal risk Resins Decrease systems costs via an optimized supply chain We achieve this by coupling tunable Vercet™ lactide- based chemistries with the knowledge of scientists and engineers who understand how to dial in the full capabilities of this versatile product line. NatureWorks Performance Chemicals ALKYD POLYESTERS Using Vercet lactides as a component in your resins enables unique properties including a new way of creating low VOC Custom Solutions for Coatings solvent-borne coatings for substrates such as wood and metal. Coatings for Multiple Markets Performance Benefits Substrates • Wood • Furniture • Low viscosity alkyds for lower VOC’s • Metal • Flooring • Improved flexibility resistance - Anti-corrosion layers • Architecture • Excellent substrate adhesion - Primers • Decorative • Grain enhancement alkyd-based wood varnish • Pigmentable • Renewably-sourced building block 2 NATUREWORKS PERFORMANCE CHEMICALS 16,000 14,000 ) 12,000 .s a P m ( 10,000 C ° 3 2 8,000 @ y t i s 6,000 o sc i v 4,000 P A C 2,000 MEASURABLE0 PERFORMANCE Reference 7.5% Vercet 15% Vercet 25% Vercet Low VOC's from ReducedLactide CoatingLactide ViscosityLactide 16,000 14,000 ) 12,000 .s a P m ( 10,000 C ° 3 2 8,000 @ y t i 60% s 6,000 o Vercet Coating Incumbent Coating sc i 0% v 4,000 P A C ENHANCED GLOSS & GRAIN 2,000 0% 25% Vercet lactide (M700) coating shows 0 excellent gloss, enhanced wood grain, Reference1 7.5% Vercet 15% Vercet 25% Vercet Lactide Lactide Lactide and improved flexibility while having lower VOC's than incumbents. -
Alkyd Synthesis & Applications
Alkyd Synthesis & Applications Topics Introduction to Alkyds & Polymers Engineering Design Process Fluorinated Alkyd Coatings Encapsulation of Alkyds for Coatings Principles of Self Healing Polymers Self Healing Gelatin Laboratory What is an Alkyd & Why Should You Care About Them? ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Wait! What is a Polymer? “You act like we should know what these are.” ❖ ❖ So… What Gives These Polymers Their Specific Characteristics ❖ ❖ Ok….. So, Now I Know What A Polymer Is How Do We Make Them? ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Types of Alkyd Synthesis Used Monoglyceride Process ➢ Two Stage Process: 1) Transesterification 2) Direct Esterification ➢ Temperatures between 230oC and 250oC heat Catalyst Glycerol Phthalic (excess) Monoglyceride Linseed Oil Anhydride Alkyd Resin R1 -Linoleic acid R2-Oleic Acid R3- Stearic Acid Fatty Acid Process ➢ One Step process that offers better control, but at a higher cost than the Monoglyceride process. ➢ In this Process the esterification of both aliphatic and aromatic groups occurs at the same time. heat Catalyst Glycerol Phthalic Alkyd Resin Anhydride Modifying Alkyds ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ heat Fluorinated Alkyd Resin Fluorinated Alkyd Polyol Testing Properties Measures minimum tensile stress Tests impact resistance SEM shows stratification & where atoms are Graphite Pencil Test Tests a coatings hardness Test the adhesion strength ➢ ➢ ➢ Scanning Electron Microscope- Capsule ➢ Alkyd was encapsulated in silica shell. ➢ Not all silica formed capsules ➢ Each Capsule consists of about 53%/TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) and 28% Silica Shell -
Review on Recent Traffic Signs in Lane Markings
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Review on Recent Traffic signs in Lane Markings Ramesh Surisetty1, B.V. Suresh Kumar2 1Asst Prof, Dept of Civil Engineering, Coastal Institute of Technology &Management, Vizianagaram, India 2Asst Prof, Dept of Civil Engineering, Coastal Institute of Technology &Management, Vizianagaram, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - India is a developing country and its cities are way into current civilization and advancements and new undergoing quick development and upgrading as a result innovations in the area are emerging more often. The there is high growth in the road traffic. Number of road users application of this technology in solving traffic related were dyeing every day because of road accidents. We need to problems like congestion is approximately has been done provide road surface marking is any kind of device or material and more research into it is going on. One of the ways the that is used on a road surface in order to take authorized technology is being applied is using it to provide traffic information. Lane detection is a process that is used to locate information through the Advanced Traveller Information the lane markers on the road, with the help of this lane System (ATIS) applications. markers presents these locations to an intelligent system. This system decreases the road accidents and also helps to Designing smarter automobiles, targeting to improves traffic conditions. minimize the number of motorist based wrong decisions or accidents, which can be faced with during the drive, is one of This study tested the effects of lane width, lane position and hot topics of today’s automotive technology.