DOCSLIB.ORG

UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Federalist Society and the "Structural Constitution:" An Epistemic Community At Work Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54z517w5 Author Hollis-Brusky, Amanda Publication Date 2010 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Federalist Society and the “Structural Constitution:” An Epistemic Community At Work by Amanda Lee Hollis-Brusky A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Robert A. Kagan, Co-Chair Professor Shannon C. Stimson, Co-Chair Professor Gordon Silverstein Professor Daniel A. Farber Spring 2010 The Federalist Society and the “Structural Constitution:” An Epistemic Community At Work © 2010 by Amanda Lee Hollis-Brusky Abstract The Federalist Society and the “Structural Constitution:” An Epistemic Community At Work by Amanda Lee Hollis-Brusky Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Berkeley Professor Robert A. Kagan, Co-Chair Professor Shannon C. Stimson, Co-Chair This thesis contributes to an understanding of the pathways of civic influence into the least dangerous branch of American politics – the Judicial Branch. Specifically, this thesis examines the influence of the Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy – a conservative and libertarian legal network of more than 40,000 members – on twelve of the most salient Supreme Court decisions concerning federalism and the separation of powers over the last three decades. As a special case, it also examines Federalist Society influence on a subset of controversial Executive Branch policies issued under George W. Bush. To understand the unique nature of this civic group‟s influence, it establishes the Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy as a kind of epistemic community; i.e., a network of legal professionals and civic leaders bound together and shaped by a set of beliefs about law, the nature of government, and constitutional interpretation. Using this framework, it proceeds to demonstrate how individual members of the Federalist Society acted as “cognitive baggage handlers,” carrying these shared ideas into their roles as legal professionals (judges, academics, litigators, government officials). Finally, it evaluates the extent to which these actors were successful or not in diffusing their ideas into law and policy. It finds that while there is substantial evidence of Federalist Society influence in the areas of federalism and separation of powers, overall the results have been mixed. The final chapter examines why that was and speculates as to the conditions that might facilitate and frustrate epistemic community influence more generally. 1 2 This thesis is dedicated to: The late Nelson W. Polsby, who brought it to life with ten little words (you should study the Federalist Society as an epistemic community); Robert A. Kagan, Gordon Silverstein, Shannon C. Stimson, and Daniel A. Farber, who shepherded me through various stages of its development; My family on the east coast who keep me grounded; Sean, for his unwavering support, patience, and optimism; And Annabelle, whose laughter and smiles sustained me through the homestretch. i Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures iii Introduction 1 The Federalist Society as an Epistemic Community 6 Separation of Powers I: The Unitary Executive Theory in Court, 1983 – 1988 25 Separation of Powers II: The Non-Delegation Doctrine in Court, 1989 – 2001 46 Separation of Powers III: The Unitary Executive Theory in the Executive Branch, 67 2001 – 2008 Federalism I: The Commerce Clause in Court, 1992 – 2000 90 Federalism II: State Sovereignty in Court, 1996 – 1999 115 An Epistemic Community at Work on the “Structural Constitution” 140 Conclusion 166 Appendix (List of Interviews) 172 References 175 Notes 181 ii List of Tables and Figures Table 2.1 Participation by Federalist Society Network Actors, Citations to 33 Federalist Society Scholarship, and Citations to Originalist Sources in INS v. Chadha (1983) Table 2.2 Participation by Federalist Society Network Actors, Citations to 37 Federalist Society Scholarship, and Citations to Originalist Sources in Bowsher v. Synar (1986) Table 2.3 Participation by Federalist Society Network Actors, Citations to 40 Federalist Society Scholarship, and Citations to Originalist Sources in Morrison v. Olson (1988) Table 3.1 Participation by Federalist Society Network Actors, Citations to 55 Federalist Society Scholarship, and Citations to Originalist Sources in Mistretta v. United States (1989) Table 3.2 Participation by Federalist Society Network Actors, Citations to 58 Federalist Society Scholarship, and Citations to Originalist Sources in Clinton v. City of New York (1998) Table 3.3 Participation by Federalist Society Network Actors, Citations to 62 Federalist Society Scholarship, and Citations to Originalist Sources in Whitman v. American Trucking (2001) Table 4.1 Federalist Society Network Participants As Documented Signatories 76 on Office of Legal Counsel Memos, 2001-2008 Table 4.2 Catalogue of Citations to Federalist Society Scholarship and 78 Originalist Sources in Federalist Society Network Actor-Authored Office of Legal Counsel Opinions Authorizing the War on Terror, 2001-2003 Table 5.1 Participation by Federalist Society Network Actors, Citations to 100 Federalist Society Scholarship, and Citations to Originalist Sources in New York v. United States (1992) Table 5.2 Participation by Federalist Society Network Actors, Citations to 104 Federalist Society Scholarship, and Citations to Originalist Sources in United States v. Lopez (1995) Table 5.3 Participation by Federalist Society Network Actors, Citations to 109 Federalist Society Scholarship, and Citations to Originalist Sources in United States v. Morrison (2000) iii Table 6.1 Participation by Federalist Society Network Actors, Citations to 124 Federalist Society Scholarship, and Citations to Originalist Sources in Seminole Tribe v. Florida (1996) Table 6.2 Participation by Federalist Society Network Actors, Citations to 128 Federalist Society Scholarship, and Citations to Originalist Sources in Printz v. United States (1997) Table 6.3 Participation by Federalist Society Network Actors, Citations to 134 Federalist Society Scholarship, and Citations to Originalist Sources in Alden v. Maine (1999) Table 7.1 Number of Federalist Society Network Participants as Amici, 142 Counsel, and Judicial Decision-Makers in Chadha (1983) through American Trucking (2001) Table 7.2 Number of Sources of Federalist Society Scholarship Cited by Amici, 146 Counsel, and Judicial Decision-Makers in Chadha (1983) through American Trucking (2001) Table 7.3 Number of Citations to the Originalist Canon by Amici, Counsel, 150 and Judicial Decision-Makers in Chadha (1983) through American Trucking (2001) Table 7.4 Overall Impact of Federalist Society Network Ideas on Supreme 153 Court Majority and/or Concurring Opinions in Chadha (1983) through American Trucking (2001) Table 7.5 Relationship Between Federalist Society Network Participation and 155 Degree of Impact of Federalist Society Network Ideas in Majority and/or Concurring Opinions in Chadha (1983) through American Trucking (2001) Figure 1.1 Participation at Federalist Society National Meetings By Professional 10 Occupation, 1982-2008 iv Figure 1.2 The Federalist Society As An Epistemic Community 13 Figure 1.3 Most Active Federalist Society Participants in Conservative Media 19 Discussions of The Structural Constitution, 1981-2008 Figure 1.4 Top Twenty-Eight Most Frequent Participants at Federalist Society 21 National Conferences, 1982 – 2008 Figure 1.5 Epistemic Community Framework Applied to Judicial Branch 23 and Executive Branch Figure 4.1 Mentions of the “Unitary Executive” in Executive Branch Public 69 Papers,1981-2008 Figure 4.2 Number of Presidential Signing Statements Issued from Presidents 83 Reagan to Bush II including Number and Percentage of Statements that Raised a Constitutional Objection v Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In just a quarter-century, the Federalist Society has transformed itself from a student organization into a vital, national institution... I share your devotion to the Constitution and I'm proud to be standing here with you tonight. I'm proud to be in such distinguished company as Justice Antonin Scalia... proud to be here with Justice Clarence Thomas... Justice Sam Alito... [and] Justice John Roberts. I appreciate the Secretary of Labor Elaine Chao joining us and she kindly brought her husband, Senator Mitch McConnell. From the great state of Alabama, Senator Jeff Sessions. I appreciate the attendance of former Attorney General Ed Meese, former Attorney General Bill Barr [and] how about your Master of Ceremonies, my good friend Ted Olson? - President George W. Bush, Address before the Federalist Society, November 15, 2007.1 How does the interpretation and application of the United States Constitution change over time? What role, if any, do civic actors play in that process? In 1994 a group of legal scholars submitted an amicus curiae (friend of the court) brief to the United States Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez, a case that successfully challenged the Gun Free School Zones Act. Though Lopez did not in fact
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Theodore Olson, Conservative Stalwart, to Represent 'Dreamers' In
    Theodore Olson, Conservative Stalwart, to Represent ‘Dreamers’ in Supreme Court By Adam Liptak • Sept. 26, 2019 o WASHINGTON — The young immigrants known as “Dreamers” have gained an unlikely ally in the Supreme Court. Theodore B. Olson, who argued for robust executive power in senior Justice Department posts under Republican presidents, will face off against lawyers from President Trump’s Justice Department in a case over Mr. Trump’s efforts to shut down a program that shields some 700,000 young undocumented immigrants from deportation and allows them to work. In an interview in his office, Mr. Olson said he had generally taken a broad view of presidential authority, particularly in the realm of immigration. “Executive power is important, and we respect it,” he said. “But it has to be done the right way. It has to be done in an orderly fashion so that citizens can understand what is being done and people whose lives have depended on a governmental policy aren’t swept away arbitrarily and capriciously. And that’s what’s happened here.” Mr. Olson has argued 63 cases in the Supreme Court, many of them as solicitor general under President George W. Bush. In private practice, he argued for the winning sides in Bush v. Gore, which handed the presidency to Mr. Bush, and Citizens United, which amplified the role of money in politics. But Mr. Olson disappointed some of his usual allies when he joined David Boies, his adversary in Bush v. Gore, to challenge California’s ban on same-sex marriage. That case reached the Supreme Court and helped pave the way for the court’s 2015 decision establishing a constitutional right to such unions.
    [Show full text]
  • Conflicts of Interest in Bush V. Gore: Did Some Justices Vote Illegally? Richard K
    Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship Spring 2003 Conflicts of Interest in Bush v. Gore: Did Some Justices Vote Illegally? Richard K. Neumann Jr. Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/faculty_scholarship Recommended Citation Richard K. Neumann Jr., Conflicts of Interest in Bush v. Gore: Did Some Justices Vote Illegally?, 16 Geo. J. Legal Ethics 375 (2003) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/faculty_scholarship/153 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLES Conflicts of Interest in Bush v. Gore: Did Some Justices Vote Illegally? RICHARD K. NEUMANN, JR.* On December 9, 2000, the United States Supreme Court stayed the presidential election litigation in the Florida courts and set oral argument for December 11.1 On the morning of December 12-one day after oral argument and half a day before the Supreme Court announced its decision in Bush v. Gore2-the Wall Street Journalpublished a front-page story that included the following: Chief Justice William Rehnquist, 76 years old, and Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, 70, both lifelong Republicans, have at times privately talked about retiring and would prefer that a Republican appoint their successors.... Justice O'Connor, a cancer survivor, has privately let it be known that, after 20 years on the high court,'she wants to retire to her home state of Arizona ...
    [Show full text]
  • SI Allocations
    Free TV Australia DTTB SI Register Transport Stream Service Information for Television Market Area All values are hexadecimal Issue 15 Date: October 2020 Western Australia Tasmania Northern Territory Remote Remote Queensland, Mandurah (Turner NSW, Vic, SA, Tas Perth Bunbury Albany Remote Hobart Launceston Darwin Alice Springs Northern Territory Hill) (See Note 3) (See Notes 1 and 2) (See notes 1 and 2) LCN Broadcaster Service Name SID SID SID SID SID SID SID SID SID SID SID NID NID NID NID NID NID NID NID NID NID NID TSID TSID TSID TSID TSID TSID TSID TSID TSID TSID TSID ONID ONID ONID ONID ONID ONID ONID ONID ONID ONID (dec) ONID 3201 3239 0261 1010 3256 0263 1010 3256 0263 1010 3256 0263 1010 3256 0263 1010 325B 0271 1010 3257 0273 1010 325C 0281 1010 325B 0283 ABC1 2 02E1 02E1 02E1 02E1 02E1 0271 0291 0281 02F1 ABC News 24 24 02E0 02E0 02E0 02E0 02E0 0270 0290 0280 02F0 ABC ABC1 21 02E3 02E3 02E3 02E3 02E3 0273 0293 0283 02F3 ABC2 / ABC4 22 02E2 02E2 02E2 02E2 02E2 0272 0292 0282 02F2 ABC3 23 02E4 02E4 02E4 02E4 02E4 0274 0294 0284 02F4 ABC Dig Music 200 02E6 02E6 02E6 02E6 02E6 0276 0296 0286 02F6 ABC Jazz 201 02E7 02E7 02E7 02E7 02E7 0277 0297 0287 02F7 3202 3202 0320 3202 3202 03A0 3202 3202 03A0 3202 3202 03A0 3202 3202 03A0 3202 3202 0380 3202 3202 0380 3202 3202 0360 SBS ONE 3 0321 03A1 03A1 03A1 03A1 0381 0381 0361 SBS ONE HD 30 0325 03A5 03A5 03A5 03A5 0385 0385 0365 SBS VICELAND HD 31 0326 03A6 03A6 03A6 03A6 0386 0386 0366 SBS World Movies 32 0327 03A7 03A7 03A7 03A7 0387 0387 0367 SBS Food 33 0323 03A3 03A3 03A3 03A3 0383
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography on World Conflict and Peace
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 097 246 SO 007 806 AUTHOR Boulding, Elise; Passions, J. Robert TITLE Bibliography on World Conflict and Peace. INSTITUTION American Sociological Association, Washington, D.C.; Consortium on Peace Research, Education, and Development, Boulder, Colo. PUB DATE Aug 74 NOT? 82p. AVAILABLE FROMBibliography Project, c/o Dorothy Carson, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302 ($2.50; make checks payable to Boulding Projects Fund) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 BC Not Available from !DRS. PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS Bibliographies; *Conflict Resolution; Development; Disarmament; Environment; *Futures (of Society); *Global Approach; Instructional Materials; International Education; international Law; International Organizations; *Peace; Political Science; Social Action; Systems Approach; *World Affairs IDENTIFIERS *Nonviolence ABSTRACT This bibliography is compiled primarily in response to the needs of teachers and students in the new field of conflict and peace studies, defined as the analysis of the characteristics of the total world social system which make peace more probable. The introduction includes some suggestions on how to use the bibliography, sources of literature on war/peace studies, and a request to users for criticisms and suggestions. Books, monographs, research reports, journal articles, or educational materials were included when they were:(1) related to conflict management at every social level,(2) relevant to nonviolence, and (3) classic statements in an academic specialization, such as foreign policy studies when of particular significance for conflict studies. A subject guide to the main categories of the bibliography lists 18 major topics with various numbered subdivisions. Th%. main body of the bibliography lists citations by author and keys this to the topic subdivisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching About Big Money in Elections: to Amend Or Not to Amend the U.S
    Social Education 76(5), pp 236–241 ©2012 National Council for the Social Studies Teaching about Big Money in Elections: To Amend or Not to Amend the U.S. Constitution? James M. M. Hartwick and Brett L. M. Levy “Politics has become so expensive that it takes a lot of money even to be defeated.” — Will Rogers (1879–1935) Last summer, California and Massachusetts became the sixth and seventh states— activity is independent of the candidates’ along with Hawaii, New Mexico, Vermont, Rhode Island, and Maryland—to send a campaigns. These cases led to the rise resolution to the U.S. Congress calling for a constitutional amendment to (1) end the of “superPACs.” As long as they do not court’s extension of personhood rights to corporations, and (2) enable the government coordinate with campaigns and do not to definitively regulate campaign finances. This fall, with the bipartisan support of contribute directly to the candidates, its Democratic governor and Republican lieutenant governor, Montana is asking superPACs can raise unlimited funds voters to consider a referendum advising Montana’s congressional delegation to sup- from corporations, non-profits, unions, port such a constitutional amendment. Meanwhile, the current Congress has already and individuals and may spend those considered more than a dozen resolutions to amend the Constitution to strengthen funds to promote their favored political Congress’s ability to limit corporate funding of election activities, and 20 states have candidate or cause. In addition, non-prof- introduced similar resolutions.1 its, like “social welfare” groups (501 [c][4] s), may engage in unlimited non-coordi- Political support is growing.
    [Show full text]
  • Hamdan V. Rumsfeld: Establishing a Constitutional Process
    S. HRG. 109–1056 HAMDAN V. RUMSFELD: ESTABLISHING A CONSTITUTIONAL PROCESS HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JULY 11, 2006 Serial No. J–109–95 Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 43–111 PDF WASHINGTON : 2009 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 11:01 Apr 27, 2009 Jkt 043111 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 S:\GPO\HEARINGS\43111.TXT SJUD1 PsN: CMORC COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania, Chairman ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont CHARLES E. GRASSLEY, Iowa EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts JON KYL, Arizona JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware MIKE DEWINE, Ohio HERBERT KOHL, Wisconsin JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California LINDSEY O. GRAHAM, South Carolina RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin JOHN CORNYN, Texas CHARLES E. SCHUMER, New York SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois TOM COBURN, Oklahoma MICHAEL O’NEILL, Chief Counsel and Staff Director BRUCE A. COHEN, Democratic Chief Counsel and Staff Director (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 11:01 Apr 27, 2009 Jkt 043111 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\GPO\HEARINGS\43111.TXT SJUD1 PsN: CMORC C O N T E N T S STATEMENTS OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS Page Feingold, Hon. Russell D., a U.S. Senator from the State of Wisconsin, pre- pared statement ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nine Network Australia Selects Intelsat to Distribute Domestic Television Programming
    Nine Network Australia Selects Intelsat to Distribute Domestic Television Programming October 24, 2016 Intelsat will provide satellite connectivity and global fiber services via the IntelsatOne network to bring news content from around the world to Australia LUXEMBOURG--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Oct. 24, 2016-- Intelsat (NYSE: I), operator of the world’s first Globalized Network, powered by its leading satellite backbone, today announced a contract with Nine Network Australia to distribute programming to the company’s six domestic television stations as well as provide global satellite and fiber connectivity using the IntelsatOne terrestrial network to bring news content and special events from around the world to Australia for its network affiliates. Nine Network Australia (NNA) is one of the country’s top-rated commercial television networks, with local stations in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth and Darwin, along with a regional broadcaster, NBN. The network also has news bureaus in Canberra, London and Los Angeles. NNA is a subsidiary of Nine Entertainment Co., one of Australia’s leading media companies. Intelsat initially is providing services via the Australia/New Zealand Ku-Band beam on Intelsat 19 for the network’s broadcasting requirement. Under the agreement, Intelsat’s network support will extend well into the next decade. “Our Globalized Network allows us to meet NNA’s needs today and to increase our level of support if the network expands over time to meet the demands of multi-platform coverage,” said Terry Bleakley, Regional Vice President, Asia Pacific Sales, Intelsat. “NNA will also benefit from Intelsat’s global coverage for international contribution and distribution requirements.” NNA previously used Intelsat for its domestic and international occasional use requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • A Nine Network Gift Annuity Can Offer Big Financial Benefits for You... and a Significant Contribution to Our Region
    One-Life Example: What one person can do. A Nine Network Gift Annuity Our founders were visionaries. Mrs. Edwards is 85 years old and is interested in helping the Nine Network We all want to make a positive difference in the can offer big financial benefits They believed education was essential to a healthy community and hoped continue its quality educational and entertainment programs. At the same time lives of others. But sometimes we wonder what television could bring opportunities for learning into every home. she would like to have a guaranteed lifetime income. Mrs. Edwards contributes one person can do. for you... and a significant $10,000 to the Nine Network’s Gift Annuity Program and is entitled to: contribution to our region. Remember, television was a relatively new device in 1952, when our founders were Doris E. Wolff was a graduate of St. Louis University with a master’s degree in developing the idea that would become national educational television. $780 per year, or a 7.80% return, for life. advanced math. She became a math teacher at Cleveland High School and A Federal charitable deduction of $5,600. instilled a love of math in many, many of her students over the years. Her students We believe they were successful because they were guided by their principles and $640 of each year’s income is tax-free for described her as compassionate and encouraging. She was also a Sunday School their purpose. For them, television was just a tool—the technology that would approximately 5.5 years. teacher who cared very deeply about the young people she taught.
    [Show full text]
  • Litigation Department of the Year Competition
    americanlawyer.com JANUARY 2010 SPECIAL ISSUE THIS IS Our FIFTH BIEnnIAL Litigation Department of the Year competition. It has be- come a cliché to note that we’ve never had a tougher time picking finalists and winners from the scores of submissions. Nevertheless, it’s true. The last two years have been a time of unprec- edented upheaval for American businesses—and for the lawyers who serve them. To quote a part- ner from one of our finalist firms, the economic meltdown resulted not just in litigation, but in conflagration. The firms we chose in the overall contest and in the three practice area competi- tions—product liability, labor and employment, and intellectual property—didn’t just survive this trial by fire. They were forged into stronger, faster, smarter litigation departments. As before, we invited every firm in The Am Law 200 to report on litigation activities in a 19- month period, this time January 1, 2008–July 31, 2009. Every submission was read by at least three American Lawyer journalists. We vetted the strongest entries with calls to clients and op- posing counsel. Panels of reporters and editors picked finalists in each category and invited those firms to our offices in New York to plead their cases. At the end, we arrived at the results that follow: four winners, 12 runners-up, and 24 honorable mentions. Congratulations to all of them. —ALISON FRANKEL GIBSON DUNN Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher Game Changers When other firms and conventional strategies come up short, By David Bario clients in deep trouble turn to Gibson Dunn for fresh, aggressive thinking and innovative rescues.
    [Show full text]
  • Supreme Court Inc
    The New York Times March 16, 2008 http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/16/magazine/16supreme- t.html?_r=1&ref=magazine&oref=slogin Supreme Court Inc. How the nation’s highest court became increasingly receptive to the arguments of American business. By JEFFREY ROSEN I. The headquarters of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, located across from Lafayette Park in Washington, is a limestone structure that looks almost as majestic as the Supreme Court. The similarity is no coincidence: both buildings were designed by the same architect, Cass Gilbert. Lately, however, the affinities between the court and the chamber, a lavishly financed business-advocacy organization, seem to be more than just architectural. The Supreme Court term that ended last June was, by all measures, exceptionally good for American business. The chamber’s litigation center filed briefs in 15 cases and its side won in 13 of them — the highest percentage of victories in the center’s 30-year history. The current term, which ends this summer, has also been shaping up nicely for business interests. I visited the chamber recently to talk with Robin Conrad, who heads the litigation effort, about her recent triumphs. Conrad, an appealing, soft-spoken woman, lives with her family on a horse farm in Maryland, where she rides with a fox-chasing club called the Howard County-Iron Bridge Hounds. Her office, playfully adorned by action figures of women like Xena the Warrior Princess and Hillary Rodham Clinton, has one of the most impressive views in Washington. “You can see the White House through the trees,” she said as we peered through a window overlooking the park.
    [Show full text]
  • PBS in St. Louis
    PBS in St. Louis MEDIA 2020 KIT With a multiplatform approach, Nine Network creates meaningful connections for businesses and nonprofit organizations with our viewers and members. We reach more than 750,000 monthly viewers who want to explore the world and become engaged in civic life. SOURCE: NIELSEN IMPRESSIONS, AGE 2+, 2109. Nine Network contributes to a strong, vibrant, thriving St. Louis region by creating opportunities for citizens to learn, connect and grow. nineNetwork of Public Media Local Programming Special Reports Nine’s specials celebrate the St. Louis region’s strengths and accomplishments, uplifting those in need, and finding solutions to the challenges. Upcoming projects available on request. Living St. Louis A sample of past programs include: Since launching in 2004, the regional Emmy-winning Living St. • Now Hiring: A Skilled Workforce Louis has captured the people, places, and organizations that make our region consequential and complex. • Of Black and Blue: The Journey of African American Police • A Baseball Legacy: Fans Remember the St. Louis Browns • St. Louis Teen Talent Competition Event Sponsorship We encourage our community to explore, learn, and participate through the more than 100 events we hold every year. Nine events offer unique opportunities to connect your brand Donnybrook with broad audiences on-air, online, One of the longest-running public affairs programs on and in print, as well as reaching television, Donnybrook is not another dry, tame talk show— desirable, targeted audiences during the issues are hot and so is the discussion. Donnybrook is also stimulating events. Custom packages available on podcast. are available to fit your company’s needs and marketing goals.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report to Shareholders
    create distribute engage ifc The Year in Brief 2 Chairman’s Address 4 Chief Executive Officer’s Address 6 Divisional Results 8 Operational Review 16 Nine Cares create 17 Governance 18 Board of Directors 20 Directors’ Report distribute 25 Remuneration Report 44 Operating and Financial Review 48 Financial Report engage 108 Shareholder Information ibc Corporate Directory During FY17, Nine achieved its goal of turning the Network performance around, after a disappointing year in FY16. Momentum in Free To Air TV turned positive for Nine in Q2, and this improvement continued throughout the remainder of the financial year. The success of Nine’s broadcast content has, in turn, driven take-up and use of 9Now which has grown exponentially to over 4 million registered users, and is becoming a valuable contributor to the P&L. Nine’s Subscription Video on Demand platform Stan, has matured significantly over the past 12 months and now holds a clear number 2 position in the market. Nine’s digital publishing business has been successfully repositioned post the Microsoft relationship, laying the foundations for growth into the future. All of Nine’s businesses are built around the key content verticals of news, sport, lifestyle and entertainment. Result In Brief In FY17, on a revenue decline of 4%, Nine reported Group EBITDA of $206 million, up 2% on FY16. Driving this growth was an underlying cost decrease of 1%, and a reported cost decrease of 4% which included the Government regulated licence fee relief of $33 million. Net Profit after Tax increased by 3% to $123.6 million compared to the Pro Forma FY16 result.
    [Show full text]