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What Is a Carbon Footprint? an Overview of Definitions and Methodologies
Vegetable Industry Carbon Footprint Scoping Study Discussion Paper 1 What is a Carbon Footprint? An overview of definitions and methodologies by Andrew John East Growcom This report is published by Horticulture Australia Limited to pass on information concerning horticultural research and development undertaken for the vegetable industry. The research contained in this report was funded by Horticulture Australia Limited with the financial support of the vegetable industry. All expressions of opinion are not to be regarded as expressing the opinion of Horticulture Australia Limited or any authority of the Australian Government. The Company and the Australian Government accept no responsibility for any of the opinions or the accuracy of the information contained in this report and readers should rely upon their own enquiries in making decisions concerning their own interests. Published and distributed by: Horticulture Australia Ltd Level 7 179 Elizabeth Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 8295 2300 Fax: (02) 8295 2399 © Copyright 2008 DISCUSSION PAPER 1 VG08107: Vegetable Industry Carbon Footprint Scoping Study - Discussion Papers and Workshop 26 SEPTEMBER 2008 What is a Carbon Footprint? An overview of definitions and methodologies Andrew John East Growcom Purpose of the paper: The purpose of this paper is to define a “carbon footprint” and provide an insight into the terminologies and approaches included within this concept. A number of key issues are addressed in this discussion. Firstly, the origins of the “footprinting concept” are addressed to establish the conceptual history (and baggage) associated with this term. Secondly, existing literature is critiqued to scope the various definitions, highlight distinctions and articulate a preferred definition of a carbon footprint. -
Climate Change Education Inside and Outside the Classroom
Climate Change Education Inside and Outside the Classroom 1 Climate Change Education Inside and Outside the Classroom Climate Change Education Inside and Outside the Classroom UNESCO Course 2 Climate Change Education Inside and Outside the Classroom Table of Contents Course Overview Course Introduction................................................................................................................ 3 Course Aims & Objectives....................................................................................................... 4 Course Orientation.................................................................................................................. 4 Learning Outcomes ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Course Structure..................................................................................................................... 5 Course Overview……………………………….................................................................................... 6 Module 1: Understanding climate change and ESD Module Overview.................................................................................................................... 8 Detailed Agenda..................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Presentation: Course Overview........................................................................................ 10 1.2 Activity: Circle Sharing..................................................................................................... -
Food Service Climate Change Reduction Strategies
The Food and Climate Connection in Health Care Food Service This document provides an overview on the impact of climate change on snowpack will threaten the water supply for irrigated agriculture and it health and agriculture and how health care food service can work to is estimated that by 2100 Californian reduce its climate footprint. Almost all of these strategies have a variety farmers could lose 25 percent of their water supply. of co-benefits and include improved nutritional health, support of local food economies and reductions in exposure to toxic pesticides. A climate The Food change framework to health care food service provides an entry for a comprehensive preventive health agenda. and Climate Connection Impacts Impacts While most people recognize the con- nection between direct energy use and on Health on Agriculture climate change, many are surprised to According to the Intergovernmental Agriculture has particularly strong learn about the significant contribution Panel on Climate Change (2007), ties to climate. Not only does how we of food and food production to climate “warming of the climate system is farm and what food we produce influ- change. Our current industrialized ag- unequivocal, as is now evident from ence climate change globally, climate riculture and food system is very energy observations of increases in global change is projected to threaten agricul- intensive. It relies on massive inputs of average air and ocean temperatures, ture and our ability to produce enough petroleum-based resources in the form widespread melting of snow and ice, food. As a result of climate change, of fertilizers and pesticides, and fuel for and rising global average sea level.”1 food yields are anticipated to change farm operations and processing. -
Survey Results Memorandum Final.Pdf
To: Denise Wilson, Director, Environmental Review Program – Minnesota Environmental Quality Board (EQB) From: Barr Engineering Co. Project Team Subject: Public Engagement Survey Results Date: May 3, 2021 Page: 1 Technical Memorandum To: Denise Wilson, Director, Environmental Review Program – Minnesota Environmental Quality Board (EQB) From: Barr Engineering Co. Project Team Subject: Public Engagement Survey Results Date: May 3, 2021 Project: Environmental Review Implementation Subcommittee (ERIS) Engagement (Project) 1.0 Introduction As directed by EQB’s 2020-2021 Workplan, and in response to Executive Order 19-37 on climate change, ERIS (a subcommittee of the Environmental Quality Board [EQB]) convened an Interagency Environmental Review Climate Technical Team to advise them on changes to the State Environmental Review Program requirements. Accordingly, the Environmental Review Climate Technical Team developed the DRAFT Recommendations: Integrating Climate Information into MEPA Program Requirements, dated December 2020, (DRAFT Recommendations). The DRAFT Recommendations specified an engagement framework to solicit input from various stakeholders, including the public. EQB contracted with Barr Engineering Co. (Barr) to assist with implementing the engagement process. The engagement consisted of: • Public comment period • Listening sessions • Public survey • Interviews This memorandum summarizes the feedback received through the public survey. A total of 496 survey responses were submitted. Section 2.0 of this memorandum describes the method used to create the survey and targeted outreach. Section 3.0 of this memorandum provides summaries of responses received to each question. 2.0 Survey Implementation Process and Targeted Engagement Barr used the SurveyMonkey platform for conducting the public engagement survey regarding the DRAFT recommendations. Barr and EQB’s technical team collaborated to develop the questions provided in the survey. -
The Tourist Climate Footprint
The Tourist Climate Footprint WWF Report on environmental impacts of holiday trips WWF Deutschland 1 Contents Introduction Footprints in the sand – they make As the WWF model calculation il- Holiday trips and the environment, holiday trends 4 us dream of the sound of the sea, of WWF Demands lustrates, German travel behaviour German travel behaviour 5 relaxation, of days or even weeks at should not serve as an example for The climate footprint of typical holiday trips 6 ease. Our wanderlust knows no ■ Climate protection must be- other countries. Quite the contrary, bounds, every year millions of Ger- come a core aspect of plan- it is high time the Tourist Climate Majorca: Summer, sunshine, beaches and more 7 mans gravitate towards the world’s ning and organizing new tour- Footprint of German tourists and Culture and wine in Trentino 8 beaches. In 2007, Germans set aside ism products tour operators be significantly re- nearly five percent of total annual ■ For every trip a fee depending duced. The time has come for the Viva México! 9 consumption for “the most beautiful on distance must be charged tourism industry to show responsi- Baltic Sea family summer 10 time of the year”, establishing a by the airlines and forwarded bility beyond the payment of com- Autumn vacation in Oberstdorf 11 new record with 61 billion Euros to climate protection projects pensations, and not to just paint a spent on travelling abroad (Source: ■ Tour operators must show few of their products green by fi- Skiing fun in Vorarlberg 12 Dresdner Bank). For years we have more transparency concern- nancing a handful of nature conser- Cruising the Mediterranean Sea 13 been holding our position as world ing climate impacts of their vation projects. -
Inspiring Action Through Education
EVALUATING THE RESULTS OF OUR WORK September 2014 Kassy Holmes, Inspiring Action Through Education Climate Change Coordinator, Rainforest Climate change education supports community Alliance engagement in sustainable forest management Claudia Lebel, NZDZ Project and REDD+ in Madre de Dios, Peru Coordinator, Asociación para la Investigación Key messages y Desarrollo Integral (AIDER) 1. Education is a critical component of community- based climate change and REDD+ initiatives; Mark Moroge, it helps ensure that communities receive the Climate Program knowledge needed to make informed decisions Projects about their natural resources and actively partici- Manager, pate in REDD+ actions. Rainforest Alliance 2. The implementation of climate change and Carolina de la REDD+ education must be adapted to local Rosa, REDD+ contexts—with regionally appropriate data and Advisor, information about deforestation patterns and cli- Rainforest mate change trends—and must take into account Alliance varying literacy levels and learning styles through the inclusion of hands-on activities, graphs, and Maria Ghiso, pictures that frame complex terms in an acces- Education sible way. Program Manager, 3. The Rainforest Alliance and its partner AIDER Rainforest developed a community-based climate change Alliance education curriculum for members of the Ese’eja indigenous community in Madre de Dios. The curriculum focuses on increasing community knowledge of local environmental issues, like deforestation, and ways in which communities can address environmental challenges. 4. This effort has increased environmental aware- ness within the community and led to the implementation of community action projects related to local environmental issues. It has also improved the ability of community members to understand and engage in programs and policies that advance climate change mitigation and for- The Rainforest est conservation objectives. -
The Carbon Footprint of Shale Gas Development and the Remedial Measures Necessary to Address It. Anthony R. Ingraffea, Phd, PE
EB 2012-0451/2012-0433/2013-0074 Exhibit L.EGD.COC.1 The Carbon Footprint of Shale Gas Development and the Remedial Measures Necessary to Address it. Anthony R. Ingraffea, PhD, PE June 26, 2013 Prepared for Ontario Energy Board Proceedings: EB-2012-0451: Enbridge Gas Distribution Inc.; and EB-2012-0433 and EB-2013-0074: Union Gas Limited I have prepared this report at the request of the Council of Canadians for the purpose of introducing certain articles I have co-authored, and follow-up related articles by others, which evaluate the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas derived from high-volume fracturing from shale formations. In my opinion this work bears upon projections about the cost and availability of natural gas from this source, as well as the priority that should be given to investments in renewable energy and conservation measures. I currently hold the Dwight C. Baum Professorship in Engineering and serve on the faculty of the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Cornell University. My research concentrates on computer simulation and physical testing of complex fracturing processes including hydraulic fracturing. A copy of my Curriculum Vitae is attached as Schedule “A” to this report. I have not reviewed the record of these proceedings, but have been advised by Counsel of the following matters: The applications1 before the Ontario Energy Board (the “Board”) seek approvals, inter alia, for the expansion and restructuring of the natural gas pipeline infrastructure in the Greater Toronto area (the “GTA”). The proponents have identified various benefits they predict to follow from proceeding with their projects, including improving supply chain diversity, reducing upstream supply risks and reducing gas supply costs over the period 2015 to 2025. -
How Big Is My Carbon Footprint? Understanding Young People's Engagement with Climate Change Education
sustainability Article How Big Is My Carbon Footprint? Understanding Young People’s Engagement with Climate Change Education Helen Ross 1,* , Jennifer A. Rudd 2,3 , R. Lyle Skains 4 and Ruth Horry 5 1 Helen’s Place Education Consultancy, 34 Southwood Road, Wiltshire BA14 7BZ, UK 2 Energy Safety Research Institute, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; [email protected] 3 School of Management, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK 4 Department of Communications and Journalism, Bournemouth University, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK; [email protected] 5 Department of Psychology, College of Human and Health Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This paper presents a new engagement model for climate change education (CCE) as a result of analysing interactive digital narratives (IDNs) created during the You and CO2 Climate Change Education Programme. Young people aged 13–15 from two schools in Wales participated in three workshops, which culminated in students producing IDNs about climate change using Twine storytelling software. An inductive, grounded-theory approach informed by Bourdieusien principles of habitus and value was used to explore students’ responses to the Programme. Stage 1 coding identified ‘Core Themes’ and located student responses along tri-axial continua showing engagement, agency, and power. Stage 2 coding combined ‘Core Themes’ to build upon Cantell et al.’s 2019 Bicycle Citation: Ross, H.; Rudd, J.A.; Model of Climate Change Education to create a new ‘holistic Agentic Climate-Change Engagement’ Skains, R.L.; Horry, R. How Big Is My model (h-ACE), where learners’ journeys towards full engagement with and understanding of CCE Carbon Footprint? Understanding and action could be traced. -
ITU and Climate Neutrality
ITU and Climate Neutrality Arthur Levin, Head, Standardization Policy Division (ITU-T) ITU-T Focus Group on Climate Change 1 September 2008 International Telecommunication Union GLOBAL FRAMEWORK 1992 Framework Convention on Climate Change 1997 Kyoto Protocol was adopted at COP-3 ¾ while Convention encouraged developed countries to stabilize GHG emissions, the Protocol commits them to do so 2001 Detailed implementation rules adopted at COP-7 in Marrakesh ¾ Annex I (developed countries) to reduce GHG emissions in period 2008-12; a reduction of 5% against 1990 baseline • aviation and shipping were excluded ¾ Annex II (developing countries) only to monitor and report GHG emissions Protocol established Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) ¾ allows parties to earn and trade emission credits through projects either in developed or developing countries 1 September 2008 2 GLOBAL FRAMEWORK 2005 Kyoto Protocol came into effect for 177 countries 2007 Fourth Assessment Report of IPCC ¾ clear link between GHG emission and climate change ¾ GHG emissions continue to grow as world continues to industrialize 2012 First commitment period under Kyoto Protocol will expire ¾ new framework is needed to deliver the stringent emission reduction the IPCC says are needed 1 September 2008 3 TOWARD A NEW FRAMEWORK 2007 COP-13 in Bali launched process for negotiation of new Agreement ¾ established AWGLCA (Ad Hoc Working Group on Long Term Cooperative Action) to develop work program 2008 AWGLCA meetings ¾ Bangkok (31 March–4 April) ¾ Bonn (2-13 June) ¾ Accra (21-27 -
School-Based Reforestation to Combat Climate Change
School-Based Reforestation to Combat Climate Change Allison Anderson, Nonresident Fellow, Global Economy and Development, Center for Universal Education The Brookings Institution JUNE 03, 2011 — Approximately a third of the Earth’s land mass is covered by forest, which supports water protection and 80 percent of terrestrial biodiversity. Forests are not only ecological assets, but they also sustain economic growth by providing timber and non-timber consumptive goods and livelihoods for approximately one-fourth of the world’s population. In 2004, trade in forest products was estimated at $327 billion. Therefore, uncontrolled deforestation has devastating consequences for the environment and the global economy. Forested land is under increasing pressure due to high population growth, rising consumption rates for timber and non-timber products, unsustainable harvesting and economic development policies that promote expansion agriculture into marginal lands. As a consequence, deforestation has increased at an alarming rate of 13 million hectares per year, which is about the size of Alabama. Deforestation and forest degradation account for approximately 18 percent of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, more than the entire global transportation sector and second only to the energy sector. The continued loss of forests in the world not only threatens livelihoods, but also the environment. One way to constrain the impacts of climate change is to reduce emissions from and through the forest sector as a complement to ongoing climate change policies. Collaborative forest rehabilitation efforts around the world are a start, but they cannot be done by governments and the private sector alone. School-based reforestation initiatives are an important way for students, teachers, and communities to make tangible contributions to climate change mitigation efforts. -
Call for Education Systems to Respond to the Climate Crisis
IT IS GETTING HOT CALL FOR EDUCATION SYSTEMS TO RESPOND TO THE CLIMATE CRISIS Perspectives from East Asia and the Pacific © UNICEF\UN055820\Sokhin IT IS GETTING HOT CALL FOR EDUCATION SYSTEMS TO RESPOND TO THE CLIMATE CRISIS Perspectives from East Asia and the Pacific The designation of geographical entities in this paper do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNICEF concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of UNICEF. Published by: UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office Copyright: © 2019 UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office 19 Phra Atit Road Bangkok 10200 Thailand Email: [email protected] www.unicef.org/eapro © UNICEF\UN077824\Llaurado FOREWORD Climate change is both a reality and a crisis. Children and adolescents around the world are aware of it and are desperately calling for action. School strikes are now becoming a common phenomenon in many countries, with students not attending classes on Fridays as an act of protest. They are concerned that governments and adults are failing them to the extent that they have filed serious legal complaints to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child to protest against the lack of government action on the climate crisis. These young activists are right! Their future, our future, is jeopardized! The effects of the climate crisis are already being felt across the globe and especially in East Asia and the Pacific. -
Land Use, Livestock, Quantity Governance, and Economic Instruments—Sustainability Beyond Big Livestock Herds and Fossil Fuels
sustainability Article Land Use, Livestock, Quantity Governance, and Economic Instruments—Sustainability Beyond Big Livestock Herds and Fossil Fuels Antonia Weishaupt 1, Felix Ekardt 1,2,3, Beatrice Garske 1,3 , Jessica Stubenrauch 1,3,* and Jutta Wieding 1 1 Research Unit Sustainability and Climate Policy, 04229 Leipzig, Germany; [email protected] (A.W.); [email protected] (F.E.); [email protected] (B.G.); [email protected] (J.W.) 2 Faculty of Law, Rostock University, 18051 Rostock, Germany 3 Interdisciplinary Faculty and Science Campus Phosphorus Research, Rostock University, 18051 Rostock, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-341-492-77866 Received: 2 January 2020; Accepted: 28 February 2020; Published: 6 March 2020 Abstract: The production of animal food products is (besides fossil fuels) one of the most important noxae with regard to many of the environmental problems, such as climate change, biodiversity loss or globally disrupted nutrient cycles. This paper provides a qualitative governance analysis of which regulatory options there are to align livestock farming with the legally binding environmental objectives, in particular the Paris Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Two innovative governance approaches are developed and compared: a cap-and-trade scheme for animal products and a livestock-to-land ratio. Both instruments are measured against the above-mentioned environmental objectives, taking into account findings from behavioural sciences and typical governance problems. Both approaches are generally suitable as quantity governance in animal husbandry if they are properly designed. In the end, a combination of both approaches proved to be particularly effective ecologically.