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Documenting Apollo on The
NASA HISTORY DIVISION Office of External Relations volume 27, number 1 Fourth Quarter 2009/First Quarter 2010 FROM HOMESPUN HISTORY: THE CHIEF DOCUMENTING APOLLO HISTORIAN ON THE WEB By David Woods, editor, The Apollo Flight Journal Bearsden, Scotland In 1994 I got access to the Internet via a 0.014 Mbps modem through my One aspect of my job that continues to amaze phone line. As happens with all who access the Web, I immediately gravi- and engage me is the sheer variety of the work tated towards the sites that interested me, and in my case, it was astronomy we do at NASA and in the NASA History and spaceflight. As soon as I stumbled upon Eric Jones’s burgeoning Division. As a former colleague used to say, Apollo Lunar Surface Journal (ALSJ), then hosted by the Los Alamos NASA is engaged not just in human space- National Laboratory, I almost shook with excitement. flight and aeronautics; its employees engage in virtually every engineering and natural Eric was trying to understand what had been learned about working on science discipline in some way and often at the Moon by closely studying the time that 12 Apollo astronauts had spent the cutting edge. This breadth of activities is, there. To achieve this, he took dusty, old transcripts of the air-to-ground of course, reflected in the history we record communication, corrected them, added commentary and, best of all, man- and preserve. Thus it shouldn’t be surprising aged to get most of the men who had explored the surface to sit with him that our books and monographs cover such a and add their recollections. -
NOPL Summer Reading Guide
Summer Reading guide NOPL RECOMMENDED READS out of this world books for NOPl’s 2019 Summer Reading Program NOPL’S SUMMER READING PROGRAM 2019 The 2019 Summer Reading Program theme, “A Universe of Stories” helps people of all ages dream big, believe in themselves, and create their own story. This program also coincides with NASA’s 60 years of achievement and its celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon Landing. Join NOPL, and over 16,000 libraries across the country, as we celebrate space exploration all summer long. Summer reading kicks off June 24. Stop by your nearest NOPL location to receive information about the program and pickup a calendar of events for the summer. Kids and teens can also sign up online to track books that they’ve read to earn prizes! To learn about the various Adult Summer Reading programs available visit your nearest NOPL location. VISIT NOPL.org/SRP 2 Contents 4 Early Literacy BookS Book recommendations for the tiniest explorers. 6 children’s books Book recommendations for children with imaginations as big as the universe. 8 teen reads Book recommendations for teens that reach for the stars. 10 adult reads Book recommendations for adults looking to escape. how to find books These book recommendations can be found at NOPL branches and through the catalog. If you‘re looking for a personal recommendation just speak with a librarian at any branch. Early Literacy BookS Book recommendations for the tiniest explorers. This Little Explorer: A Pioneer Primer by Joan Holub Little explorers discover the world. -
Review of Laser Lightcraft Propulsion System (Preprint) 5B
This document is made available through the declassification efforts and research of John Greenewald, Jr., creator of: The Black Vault The Black Vault is the largest online Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) document clearinghouse in the world. The research efforts here are responsible for the declassification of hundreds of thousands of pages released by the U.S. Government & Military. Discover the Truth at: http://www.theblackvault.com Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 16-10-2007 Technical Paper 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Review of Laser Lightcraft Propulsion System (Preprint) 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Eric Davis (Institute for Advanced Studies at Austin); Franklin Mead (AFRL/RZSP) 48470159 5e. -
Appendix a Apollo 15: “The Problem We Brought Back from the Moon”
Appendix A Apollo 15: “The Problem We Brought Back From the Moon” Postal Covers Carried on Apollo 151 Among the best known collectables from the Apollo Era are the covers flown onboard the Apollo 15 mission in 1971, mainly because of what the mission’s Lunar Module Pilot, Jim Irwin, called “the problem we brought back from the Moon.” [1] The crew of Apollo 15 carried out one of the most complete scientific explorations of the Moon and accomplished several firsts, including the first lunar roving vehicle that was operated on the Moon to extend the range of exploration. Some 81 kilograms (180 pounds) of lunar surface samples were returned for anal- ysis, and a battery of very productive lunar surface and orbital experiments were conducted, including the first EVA in deep space. [2] Yet the Apollo 15 crew are best remembered for carrying envelopes to the Moon, and the mission is remem- bered for the “great postal caper.” [3] As noted in Chapter 7, Apollo 15 was not the first mission to carry covers. Dozens were carried on each flight from Apollo 11 onwards (see Table 1 for the complete list) and, as Apollo 15 Commander Dave Scott recalled in his book, the whole business had probably been building since Mercury, through Gemini and into Apollo. [4] People had a fascination with objects that had been carried into space, and that became more and more popular – and valuable – as the programs progressed. Right from the start of the Mercury program, each astronaut had been allowed to carry a certain number of personal items onboard, with NASA’s permission, in 1 A first version of this material was issued as Apollo 15 Cover Scandal in Orbit No. -
A Low-Cost Launch Assistance System for Orbital Launch Vehicles
Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Aerospace Engineering Volume 2012, Article ID 830536, 10 pages doi:10.1155/2012/830536 Review Article A Low-Cost Launch Assistance System for Orbital Launch Vehicles Oleg Nizhnik ERATO Maenaka Human-Sensing Fusion Project, 8111, Shosha 2167, Hyogo-ken, Himeji-shi, Japan Correspondence should be addressed to Oleg Nizhnik, [email protected] Received 17 February 2012; Revised 6 April 2012; Accepted 16 April 2012 Academic Editor: Kenneth M. Sobel Copyright © 2012 Oleg Nizhnik. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The author reviews the state of art of nonrocket launch assistance systems (LASs) for spaceflight focusing on air launch options. The author proposes an alternative technologically feasible LAS based on a combination of approaches: air launch, high-altitude balloon, and tethered LAS. Proposed LAS can be implemented with the existing off-the-shelf hardware delivering 7 kg to low-earth orbit for the 5200 USD per kg. Proposed design can deliver larger reduction in price and larger orbital payloads with the future advances in the aerostats, ropes, electrical motors, and terrestrial power networks. 1. Introduction point to the progress in the orbital delivery systems for these additional payload classes. Spaceflight is the mature engineering discipline—54 years old as of 2012. But seemingly paradoxically, it still relies solely 2. Overview of Previously Proposed LAS on the hardware and methodology developed in the very beginning of the spaceflight era. Modernly, still heavily-used A lot of proposals have been made to implement nonrocket Soyuz launch vehicle systems (LVSs) are the evolutionary LASandarelistedinTable 1. -
ICL READS Program Guide Copy 2
WWW.ICLRU.ORG ICL READS 2021 Program Guide Rocket Men: The Daring Odyssey of Apollo 8 and the Astronauts Who Made Man’s First Journey to the Moon By Robert Kurson SYNOPSIS ver a million spectators in Florida and thousands around the globe gathered on July 16, 1969, to watch three Oastronauts reach a new frontier - a walk on the moon. But this triumph of Apollo 11 would never have been possible without the Apollo 8 Mission, which, against incredible odds, was the first to send men in orbit around the moon. Robert Kurson has written a real-life thriller, compiled by detailed data and astronaut interviews, that reveals just how stunning and risky this achievement was in its planning, technology, and execution. Kurson uses novelistic detail and a sense of immediacy to reveal the risks faced by NASA as well as the astronauts themselves and their families. Jim Lovell, Bill Anders and Frank Borman are true Hemingway heroes displaying “grace under pressure”. Filled with vivid, unforgettable detail and set against an historical time rife with rioting, war protests, racial unrest and the assassinations of several national leaders, Kurson provides us with a riveting account of America’s finest hours and a reason to have pride and hope in our nation. 1 2 3 READ THE BOOK JOIN THE ATTEND EXCITING CONVERSATION EVENTS 1 WWW.ICLRU.ORG ICL READS PROGRAMS* Week of March 8, 2021 2021: AN ICL SPACE ODYSSEY An out of this world multi-day event focused on OUTER SPACE featuring presentations by ICL Coordinators. Visit www.ICLRU.org for additional details and complete schedule of events. -
Annual Report Beamed Energy Propulsion Commercialization Roadmap
ANNUAL REPORT BEAMED ENERGY PROPULSION COMMERCIALIZATION ROADMAP March 2018 The Report of the Workshop to Commercialize Directed Energy Systems for Low-Cost Space Launches, 11th High Power Laser Ablation/Directed Energy Conference, Santa Fe, New Mexico, April 7, 2016. Project Details Get In Touch!! CONTACT US 02 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3. Dedication 4. Workshop Executive Summary and Recommendations 7. Introduction 8. The promise of beamed energy propulsion 9. The limits of rockets 10. Private and public motivations to develop BEP 11. What has changed? 15. Technical milestones and challenges 20. Next steps 25. Appendix 1. Technical goals 29. Appendix 2. Participants 30. References In memory of Arthur Kantrowitz (1913-2008) and Jordin Kare (1956-2017) 03 04 WORKSHOP EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Since Arthur Kantrowitz proposed in 1972 using microwave or laser beams to launch spacecraft into Earth orbit, beamed energy propulsion (BEP) has attracted many advocates – and a larger number of skeptics. Because new market opportunities and advances in key technologies may tilt BEP’s future toward the advocates, the 11th High Power Laser Ablation/Directed Energy Conference hosted the Workshop to Commercialize Directed Energy Systems for Low-Cost Space Launches on April 7, 2016 to examine the current state of BEP development. The workshop concluded there are no fundamental technological obstacles while the growing interest in small payloads, orbital propulsion, and orbital debris mitigation offer promising new markets. BEP promises to be the jet plane to the chemical rocket’s propeller aircraft by drastically improving the economics of space operations through sharply reducing the cost of reaching orbit. Sharply lower launch costs will attract a range of new entrants into space exploration and business by greatly decreasing the financial barriers to entry. -
Tailoring Laser Propulsion for Future Applications in Space
Tailoring Laser Propulsion for Future Applications in Space Hans-Albert Eckel and Stefan Scharring German Aerospace Center (DLR) – Institute of Technical Physics, Pfaffenwaldring 38 – 40, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany Abstract. Pulsed laser propulsion may turn out as a low cost alternative for the transportation of small payloads in future. In recent years DLR investigated this technology with the goal of cheaply launching small satellites into low earth orbit (LEO) with payload masses on the order of 5 to 10 kg. Since the required high power pulsed laser sources are yet not at the horizon, DLR focused on new applications based on available laser technology. Space-borne, i.e. in weightlessness, there exist a wide range of missions requiring small thrusters that can be propelled by laser power. This covers space logistic and sample return missions as well as position keeping and attitude control of satellites. First, a report on the proof of concept of a remote controlled laser rocket with a thrust vector steering device integrated in a parabolic nozzle will be given. Second, the road from the previous ground-based flight experiments in earth’s gravity using a 100-J class laser to flight experiments with a parabolic thruster in an artificial 2D-zero gravity on an air cushion table employing a 1-J class laser and, with even less energy, new investigations in the field of laser micro propulsion will be reviewed. Keywords: Laser propulsion, Free flight experiments, Steering, Lightcraft, Parabolic thruster, Impulse coupling coefficient, Remote control, Laser ablation, Microgravity, Air cushion table. PACS: 41.75.Jv, 42.15.Dp, 42.62.-b, 52.38.Mf. -
The Legacies of Apollo 11 Gregory A
John Carroll University Carroll Collected 2019 Faculty Bibliography Faculty Bibliographies Community Homepage 5-2019 The Legacies of Apollo 11 Gregory A. DiLisi John Carroll University, [email protected] Greg Brown Armstrong Air and Space Museum Follow this and additional works at: https://collected.jcu.edu/fac_bib_2019 Part of the Physics Commons Recommended Citation DiLisi, Gregory A. and Brown, Greg, "The Legacies of Apollo 11" (2019). 2019 Faculty Bibliography. 9. https://collected.jcu.edu/fac_bib_2019/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Bibliographies Community Homepage at Carroll Collected. It has been accepted for inclusion in 2019 Faculty Bibliography by an authorized administrator of Carroll Collected. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Legacies of Apollo 11 Gregory A. DiLisi and Alison Chaney, John Carroll University, University Heights, OH Greg Brown, Armstrong Air and Space Museum, Wapakoneta, OH ifty years ago this summer, three men aboard Apollo 11 that at the time of his address, NASA had only a 15-minute traveled from our planet to the Moon. On July 20, 1969, ballistic flight by astronaut Alan Shepard to its credit. From at 10:56:15 p.m. EDT, 38-year-old commander Neil 1958 to 1963, the 11 flights (six crewed) of Project Mercury FArmstrong moved his left foot from the landing pad of the successfully put a man into orbit and returned him safely to lunar module (LM) Eagle onto the gray, powdery surface of Earth. From 1964-1966, the 12 flights (10 crewed) of Project the Sea of Tranquility and became the first person to step onto Gemini established that humans could indeed survive in the lunar soil. -
Beam Powered Propulsion Systems
Beam Powered Propulsion Systems Nishant Agarwal University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309 While chemical rockets have dominated space exploration, other forms of rocket propulsion based on nuclear power, electrostatic and magnetic drives, and other principles have been considered from the earliest days of the field with the goal to improve efficiency through higher exhaust velocities, in order to reduce the amount of fuel the rocket vehicle needs to carry. However, the gap between technology to reach orbit from surface and from orbit to interplanetary travel still remains open considering both economics of time and money. In addition, methods have been tested over the years to reach the orbit with single stage rocket from earth’s surface which will eventually result in drastic cost savings. Reusable SSTO vehicles offer the promise of reduced launch expenses by eliminating recurring costs associated with hardware replacement inherent in expendable launch systems. No Earth- launched SSTO launch vehicles have ever been constructed till date. Beam Powered Propulsion has emerged as a promising concept that is capable to fulfill all regimes of space travel. This paper takes a look at these concepts and studies the feasibility of Microwave Propulsion for possibility of SSTO vehicle. Nomenclature At = nozzle throat area C* = characteristic velocity Cf = Thrust Coefficient Cp = Specific heat constant Dt, Dexit = Diameter of nozzle throat, Nozzle exit diameter g = acceleration due to gravity Gamma = Specific heat ratio LOX/LH = Liquid Oxygen/Liquid Hydrogen MR = mass ratio Mi,Ms,Mp = total mass, structural mass, propellant mass, payload mass Mpayl = payload mass Mdot = flow rate Isp = Specific Impulse Ve = exhaust velocity I. -
SEASON 1: ROCKET MEN MOGULS Is a Documentary Series Profiling the Most Impactful Thoughtleaders in the World Who Are the Changemakers of the Future
MOGULS SEASON 1: ROCKET MEN MOGULS is a documentary series profiling the most impactful thoughtleaders in the world who are the changemakers of the future. SEASON 1 LOGLINE In the new age of adventure capitalism, the world’s richest billionaires, not nation states, will pioneer humanities quest for exploration amongst the stars. SUMMARY It’s been 45 years since man last walked on the moon and the space race slowed to a crawl . The Apollo missions were described as the last great optimistic act of the 20th century, and then was followed by an era of public indifference. But we stand at the dawn of a new space era, which is defined more by commercial gain and personal vanity. Space is no longer the exclusive playground of nation states, tech billionaires like Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, Paul Allen, Richard Branson have joined the game. They dream of space tourism, almost instant worldwide travel, asteroid mining, mars colonization and more. This is the new space race, pioneered by billionaire ROCKET MEN AT FUTURISM, WE COVER ROCKET LAUNCHES... NOT IPHONE LAUNCHES SEASON 1 FORMAT Rocket Men is a 6 part series that blends the best elements of documentary filmmaking with cutting-edge visual effects that visual our inevitable futures. Our story will follow the Space Race from day one, giving backstory and context to our ambitions and attitudes in America. Flashing forward to present day, we will focus in on todays current pioneers who are financing the next evolution of the space race, this time, pitting ambitious billionaires with deep pockets and deeper ego’s for humanities benefit. -
Review on Laser Lightcraft Research at DLR Stuttgart
Review On Laser Lightcraft Research At DLR Stuttgart Stefan Scharring and Hans-Albert Eckel Institute of Technical Physics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38 – 40, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany Abstract. A review on 15 years research on remote laser propulsion with a parabolic thruster at DLR is presented. Mission scenarios were analyzed for nanosatellite launch to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) using a ground-based high energy laser as energy supply significantly optimizing the mass-to-payload-ratio. Experimental work was carried out using a home-made, electron-beam sustained CO2 high energy laser in the 10 kW class with around 10 µs pulse length. The parabolic thruster was compared with the Lightcraft Technology Demonstrator in air-breathing mode as well as with Polyoxymethylene (POM) as an ablative propellant with respect to laser pulse energy and beam profile taking into account for standardization issues of ballistic pendula. Experiments showed good performance of pure air-breathing mode without propellant down to 200 mbar ambient pressure allowing for a drastic propellant reduction for the initial flight phase during dense atmosphere. The commonly used hydrodynamic point explosion model with a strong shock wave was analyzed with respect to the optimization of the impulse coupling coefficient in geometric scaling by the adaptation of nozzle diameter and length to the range of the applied laser pulse energy. The usage of ablative propellants like POM, inevitable in the vacuum of space, yields enhancement of impulse coupling under atmospheric conditions which can partly be attributed to combustion. Various polymer-metal composites were developed and analyzed in order to achieve a higher specific impulse, but failed due to material inhomogeneity.