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English, French, and Spanish Colonies: a Comparison
COLONIZATION AND SETTLEMENT (1585–1763) English, French, and Spanish Colonies: A Comparison THE HISTORY OF COLONIAL NORTH AMERICA centers other hand, enjoyed far more freedom and were able primarily around the struggle of England, France, and to govern themselves as long as they followed English Spain to gain control of the continent. Settlers law and were loyal to the king. In addition, unlike crossed the Atlantic for different reasons, and their France and Spain, England encouraged immigration governments took different approaches to their colo- from other nations, thus boosting its colonial popula- nizing efforts. These differences created both advan- tion. By 1763 the English had established dominance tages and disadvantages that profoundly affected the in North America, having defeated France and Spain New World’s fate. France and Spain, for instance, in the French and Indian War. However, those were governed by autocratic sovereigns whose rule regions that had been colonized by the French or was absolute; their colonists went to America as ser- Spanish would retain national characteristics that vants of the Crown. The English colonists, on the linger to this day. English Colonies French Colonies Spanish Colonies Settlements/Geography Most colonies established by royal char- First colonies were trading posts in Crown-sponsored conquests gained rich- ter. Earliest settlements were in Virginia Newfoundland; others followed in wake es for Spain and expanded its empire. and Massachusetts but soon spread all of exploration of the St. Lawrence valley, Most of the southern and southwestern along the Atlantic coast, from Maine to parts of Canada, and the Mississippi regions claimed, as well as sections of Georgia, and into the continent’s interior River. -
The Signal Bridge
THE SIGNAL BRIDGE Volume 18 NEWSLETTER OF THE MOUNTAIN EMPIRE MODEL RAILROADERS CLUB Number 5B MAY 2011 BONUS PAGES Published for the Education and Information of Its Membership NORFOLK & WESTERN/SOUTHERN RAILWAY DEPOT BRISTOL TENNESSEE/VIRGINIA CLUB OFFICERS LOCATION HOURS President: Secretary: Newsletter Editor: ETSU Campus, Business Meetings are held the Fred Alsop Donald Ramey Ted Bleck-Doran: George L. Carter 3rd Tuesday of each month. Railroad Museum Meetings start at 7:00 PM at Vice-President: Treasurer: Webmaster: ETSU Campus, Johnson City, TN. John Carter Duane Swank John Edwards Brown Hall Science Bldg, Room 312, Open House for viewing every Saturday from 10:00 am until 3:00 pm. Work Nights each Thursday from 5:00 pm until ?? APRIL 2011 THE SIGNAL BRIDGE Page 2 APRIL 2011 THE SIGNAL BRIDGE Page 3 APRIL 2011 THE SIGNAL BRIDGE II scheme. The "stripe" style paint schemes would be used on AMTRAK PAINT SCHEMES Amtrak for many more years. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Phase II Amtrak paint schemes or "Phases" (referred to by Amtrak), are a series of livery applied to the outside of their rolling stock in the United States. The livery phases appeared as different designs, with a majority using a red, white, and blue (the colors of the American flag) format, except for promotional trains, state partnership routes, and the Acela "splotches" phase. The first Amtrak Phases started to emerge around 1972, shortly after Amtrak's formation. Phase paint schemes Phase I F40PH in Phase II Livery Phase II was one of the first paint schemes of Amtrak to use entirely the "stripe" style. -
Northeast Corridor Chase, Maryland January 4, 1987
PB88-916301 NATIONAL TRANSPORT SAFETY BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 20594 RAILROAD ACCIDENT REPORT REAR-END COLLISION OF AMTRAK PASSENGER TRAIN 94, THE COLONIAL AND CONSOLIDATED RAIL CORPORATION FREIGHT TRAIN ENS-121, ON THE NORTHEAST CORRIDOR CHASE, MARYLAND JANUARY 4, 1987 NTSB/RAR-88/01 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. Report No. 2.Government Accession No. 3.Recipient's Catalog No. NTSB/RAR-88/01 . PB88-916301 Title and Subtitle Railroad Accident Report^ 5-Report Date Rear-end Collision of'*Amtrak Passenger Train 949 the January 25, 1988 Colonial and Consolidated Rail Corporation Freight -Performing Organization Train ENS-121, on the Northeast Corridor, Code Chase, Maryland, January 4, 1987 -Performing Organization 7. "Author(s) ~~ Report No. Performing Organization Name and Address 10.Work Unit No. National Transportation Safety Board Bureau of Accident Investigation .Contract or Grant No. Washington, D.C. 20594 k3-Type of Report and Period Covered 12.Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Iroad Accident Report lanuary 4, 1987 NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD Washington, D. C. 20594 1*+.Sponsoring Agency Code 15-Supplementary Notes 16 Abstract About 1:16 p.m., eastern standard time, on January 4, 1987, northbound Conrail train ENS -121 departed Bay View yard at Baltimore, Mary1 and, on track 1. The train consisted of three diesel-electric freight locomotive units, all under power and manned by an engineer and a brakeman. Almost simultaneously, northbound Amtrak train 94 departed Pennsylvania Station in Baltimore. Train 94 consisted of two electric locomotive units, nine coaches, and three food service cars. In addition to an engineer, conductor, and three assistant conductors, there were seven Amtrak service employees and about 660 passengers on the train. -
Evidence from Ghanaian Railways∗
Colonial Investments and Long-Term Development in Africa: Evidence from Ghanaian Railways∗ Remi JEDWABa Alexander MORADIb a Department of Economics, George Washington University, and STICERD, London School of Economics b Department of Economics, University of Sussex This Version: October 14th, 2012 Abstract: What is the impact of colonial public investments on long-term development? We investigate this issue by looking at the impact of railway construction on economic develop- ment in Ghana. Two railway lines were built by the British to link the coast to mining areas and the hinterland city of Kumasi. Using panel data at a fine spatial level over one century (11x11 km grid cells in 1891-2000), we find a strong effect of rail connectivity on the pro- duction of cocoa, the country’s main export commodity, and development, which we proxy by population and urban growth. First, we exploit various strategies to ensure our effects are causal: we show that pre-railway transport costs were prohibitively high, we provide ev- idence that line placement was exogenous, we find no effect for a set of placebo lines, and results are robust to instrumentation and nearest neighbor matching. Second, transportation infrastructure investments had large welfare effects for Ghanaians during the colonial period. Colonization meant both extraction and development in this context. Third, railway con- struction had a persistent impact: railway cells are more developed today despite a complete displacement of rail by other means of transport. We investigate the various channels of path dependence, including demographic growth, industrialization or infrastructure investments. Keywords: Colonialism; Africa; Transportation Infrastructure; Trade JEL classification: F54; O55; O18; R4; F1 ∗Remi Jedwab, George Washington University and STICERD, London School of Economics (e-mail: [email protected]). -
Transportation: Request for Passenger Rail Bonding -- Agenda Item II
Legislative Fiscal Bureau One East Main, Suite 301 • Madison, WI 53703 • (608) 266-3847 • Fax: (608) 267-6873 Email: [email protected] • Website: http://legis.wisconsin.gov/lfb October 31, 2019 TO: Members Joint Committee on Finance FROM: Bob Lang, Director SUBJECT: Department of Transportation: Request for Passenger Rail Bonding -- Agenda Item II REQUEST On October 3, 2019, the Department of Transportation (DOT) submitted a request under s. 85.061 (3)(b) of the statutes for approval to use $13,248,100 BR in GPR-supported, general obligation bonding from DOT's passenger rail route development appropriation to fund the required state match for a recently awarded Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) grant for the purchase of six single-level coach cars and three cab-coach cars to be placed into service in the Milwaukee- Chicago Hiawatha corridor. BACKGROUND DOT is required to administer a rail passenger route development program funded from a transportation fund continuing appropriation (SEG) and a general fund-supported, general obligation bonding appropriation (BR). From these sources, DOT may fund capital costs related to Amtrak service extension routes (the Hiawatha service, for example) or other rail service routes between the cities of Milwaukee and Madison, Milwaukee and Green Bay, Milwaukee and Chicago, Madison and Eau Claire, and Madison and La Crosse. Under the program, DOT is not allowed to use any bond proceeds unless the Joint Finance Committee (JFC) approves the use of the proceeds and, with respect to any allowed passenger route development project, the Department submits evidence to JFC that Amtrak, or the applicable railroad, has agreed to provide rail passenger service on that route. -
Northeast Corridor Capital Investment Plan Fiscal Years 2017-2021
Northeast Corridor Capital Investment Plan Fiscal Years 2017-2021 April 2016 Congress established the Northeast Corridor Commission (the Commission) to develop coordinated strategies for improving the Northeast’s core rail network in recognition of the inherent challenges of planning, financing, and implementing major infrastructure improvements that cross multiple jurisdictions. The expectation is that by coming together to take collective responsibility for the NEC, these disparate stakeholders will achieve a level of success that far exceeds the potential reach of any individual organization. The Commission is governed by a board comprised of one member from each of the NEC states (Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland) and the District of Columbia; four members from Amtrak; and five members from the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). The Commission also includes non-voting representatives from four freight railroads, states with connecting corridors and several commuter operators in the Region. Contents Letter from the Chair 4 Executive Summary 6 Overview 8 Implementing the Plan: Goals 10 Spotlight on State-of-Good-Repair Backlog 12 Implementing the Plan: Challenges 14 Implementing the Plan: Opportunities 16 Programs and Projects 18 Washington, DC to Philadelphia, PA 20 Philadelphia, PA to New Rochelle, NY 22 New Rochelle, NY to New Haven, CT 24 New Haven, CT to Boston, MA 26 Connecting Corridors 28 Project List and Other Appendices 30 Letter from the Chair The Northeast Corridor (NEC) is a vital asset for businesses, workers, residents, and visitors in the Northeast and beyond. Its eight commuter rail operators deliver hundreds of thousands of workers to some of the most productive economic centers in the country each day. -
Amtrak Cascades Fleet Management Plan
Amtrak Cascades Fleet Management Plan November 2017 Funding support from Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Information The material can be made available in an alternative format by emailing the Office of Equal Opportunity at [email protected] or by calling toll free, 855-362-4ADA (4232). Persons who are deaf or hard of hearing may make a request by calling the Washington State Relay at 711. Title VI Notice to Public It is the Washington State Department of Transportation’s (WSDOT) policy to assure that no person shall, on the grounds of race, color, national origin or sex, as provided by Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be otherwise discriminated against under any of its federally funded programs and activities. Any person who believes his/her Title VI protection has been violated, may file a complaint with WSDOT’s Office of Equal Opportunity (OEO). For additional information regarding Title VI complaint procedures and/or information regarding our non-discrimination obligations, please contact OEO’s Title VI Coordinator at 360-705-7082. The Oregon Department of Transportation ensures compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; 49 CFR, Part 21; related statutes and regulations to the end that no person shall be excluded from participation in or be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance from the U.S. Department of Transportation on the grounds of race, color, sex, disability or national origin. -
Q1-2 2021 Newsletter
Northwest Rail News 1st & 2nd Quarter 2021 statewide ‘High Speed Ground Transportation’ Reviving a Rail (HSGT) system. The next year, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) designated the Pacific Revolution: How Northwest Rail Corridor, which runs through the HSR in Washington heart of Seattle, as a high-speed rail (HSR) corridor. With the results of the earlier HSGT study in, the Can Get Back On 1993 Washington State Legislature passed RCW Chapter 47.79 and created something revolutionary: Track By Patrick Carnahan — Seattle, WA a goal to build a regional HSR network connecting Seattle with Portland, Spokane, and Vancouver, Amidst the fallout of the coronavirus pandemic, British Columbia by 2030. As recommended by the interest in passenger rail has increased markedly study, Washington and Oregon began implementing across the United States. With an enthusiastically modern intercity passenger rail service on existing pro-rail federal administration now in power, talk of tracks between Vancouver, BC and Eugene, OR, with our nation’s “second great railroading revolution” the goal of increasing this service’s top speed to 110 has begun among advocates and transit blogs from mph. From this came Amtrak Cascades, one of the coast to coast. But is this only our second, or even nation’s most successful intercity passenger rail third, attempt at such a revolution? What about the services. Following the study’s vision, the one that started in the Pacific Northwest around 30 Washington State and Oregon Departments of years ago, the one that aimed to create the most Transportation (WSDOT and ODOT) both created advanced rail system in North America? bold long-range plans for Cascades that would dramatically increase the line’s frequency and Where It Started usefulness. -
Hiawatha Service, Travel Time Is 92-95 Minutes
10/3/2018 Chicago – Milwaukee Intercity Passenger Rail Corridor Past, Present, and Future Arun Rao, Passenger Rail Manager Wisconsin Department of Transportation Elliot Ramos, Passenger Rail Engineer Illinois Department of Transportation MIIPRC 2018 Annual Meeting Milwaukee 10/8/2018 2 1 10/3/2018 1945 80 round trips daily between Milwaukee and Chicago operated on three railroads: • Milwaukee Road • Chicago‐ Northwestern • North Shore Line Chicago-Milwaukee Passenger Rail: The Past MIPRC Annual Meeting 2018d Milwaukee10/6/2016 3 Milwaukee-Chicago Passenger Rail: The Past Amtrak: The 1970s • 1971: Amtrak begins service with 5 round‐ trips, 2 of which continue to St. Louis • 1973: The St. Louis through service is discontinued • 1975: One of the five round‐trips extends to Detroit • 1975: Turboliner equipment is introduced • 1977: Detroit run‐through is eliminated • 1977 – 1979: Chicago – Twin Cities regional train is added (Twin Cities Hiawatha) 10/6/2016 d 4 MIPRC Annual Meeting 2018 Milwaukee 2 10/3/2018 Milwaukee-Chicago Passenger Rail: The Past Amtrak: The 1980s • 1981: • Service reduced to 2 round-trips daily • Turboliners are eliminated, Amfleets are introduced. • 1984: • Service increased to 3 round-trips daily • 1989: • Amtrak, WI, and IL launch a 2 year demonstration project with states funding 2 additional roundtrips for a total of 5. Amtrak operates 3 without assistance. • The service is renamed Hiawatha Service, travel time is 92-95 minutes. • Horizon coach cars are introduced. 10/6/2016 d 5 MIPRC Annual Meeting 2018 Milwaukee -
Freedom Trail N W E S
Welcome to Boston’s Freedom Trail N W E S Each number on the map is associated with a stop along the Freedom Trail. Read the summary with each number for a brief history of the landmark. 15 Bunker Hill Charlestown Cambridge 16 Musuem of Science Leonard P Zakim Bunker Hill Bridge Boston Harbor Charlestown Bridge Hatch Shell 14 TD Banknorth Garden/North Station 13 North End 12 Government Center Beacon Hill City Hall Cheers 2 4 5 11 3 6 Frog Pond 7 10 Rowes Wharf 9 1 Fanueil Hall 8 New England Downtown Crossing Aquarium 1. BOSTON COMMON - bound by Tremont, Beacon, Charles and Boylston Streets Initially used for grazing cattle, today the Common is a public park used for recreation, relaxing and public events. 2. STATE HOUSE - Corner of Beacon and Park Streets Adjacent to Boston Common, the Massachusetts State House is the seat of state government. Built between 1795 and 1798, the dome was originally constructed of wood shingles, and later replaced with a copper coating. Today, the dome gleams in the sun, thanks to a covering of 23-karat gold leaf. 3. PARK STREET CHURCH - One Park Street, Boston MA 02108 church has been active in many social issues of the day, including anti-slavery and, more recently, gay marriage. 4. GRANARY BURIAL GROUND - Park Street, next to Park Street Church Paul Revere, John Hancock, Samuel Adams, and the victims of the Boston Massacre. 5. KINGS CHAPEL - 58 Tremont St., Boston MA, corner of Tremont and School Streets ground is the oldest in Boston, and includes the tomb of John Winthrop, the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. -
State of Indiana
Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2007 State of Indiana Amtrak Service & Ridership Amtrak operates three long-distance trains through Indiana: • The Capitol Limited (daily Chicago-Waterloo-Cleveland-Pittsburgh-Washington, D.C.) • The Cardinal (tri-weekly Chicago-Indianapolis-Cincinnati-New York) • The Lake Shore Limited (daily Chicago-South Bend-Cleveland-Buffalo-Boston/New York) Amtrak also operates one corridor train, the Hoosier State (four days per week Indianapolis-Lafayette- Chicago), which operates on the days that the Cardinal does not. Additionally, the Chicago-Detroit Wolverine serves Hammond-Whiting and Michigan City with three daily round trips. During FY07 Amtrak served the following Indiana locations: City Boardings + Alightings Connersville 497 Crawfordsville 4,431 Dyer 1,723 Elkhart 11,718 Hammond-Whiting 6,457 Indianapolis 29,110 Lafayette 18,483 Michigan City 1,941 Rensselaer 1,630 South Bend 15,856 Waterloo 16,217 Total Indiana Station Usage: 108,066 Procurement/Contracts Amtrak expended $9,874,137 for goods and services in Indiana in FY07. Most of this money, $6,924,792 was spent in Indianapolis. Amtrak Government Affairs: January 2008 Employment At the end of FY07, Amtrak employed 780* Indiana residents. Total wages of Amtrak employees living in Indiana were $37,754,274* during FY07. *Due to a change in methodology, FY07 employment and wage figures are not directly comparable to those reported in prior years. Major Facilities Amtrak’s principal heavy maintenance facility is located in Beech Grove, southeast of Indianapolis. Here, approximately 550 employees rebuild and overhaul Amtrak’s Superliner, Viewliner, Surfliner, Hi-Level, Heritage, and Horizon car fleets. P32, P42, and F59 locomotives also are overhauled and rebuilt here for use across the Amtrak system. -
Patriotism and Honor: Veterans of Dutchess County, New York
Patriotism and Honor: Veterans of Dutchess County, New York Dutchess County Historical Society 2018 Yearbook • Volume 97 Candace J. Lewis, Editor Dutchess County Historical Society The Society is a not-for-profit educational organization that collects, preserves, and interprets the history of Dutchess County, New York, from the period of the arrival of the first Native Americans until the present day. Publications Committee: Candace J. Lewis, Ph.D., Editor David Dengel, Dennis Dengel, John Desmond, Roger Donway, Eileen Hayden, Julia Hotton, Bill Jeffway, Melodye Moore, and William P. Tatum III Ph.D. Designer: Marla Neville, Main Printing, Poughkeepsie, New York mymainprinter.com Printer: Advertisers Printing, Saint Louis, Missouri Dutchess County Historical Society Yearbook 2018 Volume 97 • Published annually since 1915 Copyright © by Dutchess County Historical Society ISSN: 0739-8565 ISBN: 978-0-944733-13-4 Front Cover: Top: Young men of Dutchess County recently transformed into soldiers. On the steps of the Armory, Poughkeepsie, New York. 1917. Detail. Bottom: Men, women, and children walk along the railroad tracks in Poughkeepsie at lower Main Street, seeing off a contingent of soldiers as they entrain for war. 1918. Back Cover: Left: Nurses from around the country march in the parade of April 6, 1918. Detail. Middle: A “patriotic pageant,l” performed by children. April 1918. Right: Unidentified individual as he gets ready to “entrain” in the separate recruitment of African Americans. 1918, Detail. All Photographs by Reuben P. Van Vlack. Collection of the Dutchess County Historical Society. The Dutchess County Historical Society Yearbook does not assume responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by the authors.