Rajshahi Baseline Report Final
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Background Information for Rajshahi City, Bangladesh Alexandra Clemett, Md. Maksudul Amin, Sharfun Ara, Md. Mashiur R Akan 2006 WASPA Asia Project Report 2 This report in one in a series of project reports written by the Wastewater Agriculture and Sanitation for Poverty Alleviation in Asia (WASPA Asia) project. The WASPA Asia project aims to develop and test solutions for sanitation and wastewater management, to reduce the risks form wastewater use in agriculture. The approach involves the development of stakeholder coalitions at town and national level, called Learning Alliances, which will bring together the main stakeholders into a participatory process through which actions will be planned and implemented in a sustainable manner. These project reports are essentially internal documents intended to inform the future activities of the project, particularly in relation to the development of Learning Alliances and participatory action plans. The reports have been made publicly available as some of the information and findings presented in them may be of use to other researchers, practitioners or government officials. The WASPA Asia project is funded primarily under the EU Asia Pro Eco II Programme of the European Commission. It is being undertaken by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Sri Lanka; COSI, Sri Lanka; the International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC), the Netherlands; NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation, Bangladesh; and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Sweden. The project pilot cities are Rajshahi City in Bangladesh and Kurunegala City in Sri Lanka. The WASPA Asia Project is funded under the EU Asia Pro-Eco Programme. The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of the WASPA Asia Project team and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. Contents 1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................1 2 Rajshahi District and City Corporation ..............................................................2 Location and Land Use .............................................................................................. 2 Administrative Units................................................................................................... 4 Population Statistics .................................................................................................. 6 3 Physical Characteristics ......................................................................................8 Climate and Rainfall ................................................................................................... 8 Water Resources ........................................................................................................ 9 4 Socio-economic Conditions ..............................................................................10 The Importance of Agriculture in Income Generation .......................................... 10 Education Levels ...................................................................................................... 11 Water Supply............................................................................................................. 11 Water Quality............................................................................................................. 13 Sanitation Facilties................................................................................................... 15 Drainage and Waste Management .......................................................................... 17 Health and Health Care ............................................................................................ 17 5 Land Utilization, Agriculture and Marketing ....................................................20 Agricultural Land Use .............................................................................................. 20 Irrigated Land............................................................................................................ 21 Crop Production and Marketing.............................................................................. 22 6 Industry ................................................................................................................23 7 Project Location and Data Gaps .......................................................................25 Site Selection ............................................................................................................ 25 Further Data Requirements ..................................................................................... 26 i List of Figures Figure 2.1: Location of RCC within Rajshahi District................................................................. 2 Figure 2.2: Rajshahi City Corporation area ............................................................................... 3 Figure 2.3: Trends in urban and rural populations in Rajshahi Zila........................................... 6 Figure 2.4: Population by locality for Rajshahi Zila, 2001 ......................................................... 6 Figure 3.1: Total Monthly Rainfall During 2001 to 2003............................................................ 8 Figure 3.2: Monthly average minimum and maximum temperature and relative humidity for Rajshahi in 2001, 2002 and 2003.............................................................................................. 9 Figure 4.1: Main income source for households in Rajshahi City Corporation area ............... 10 Figure 4.2: Comparison of rural and urban water supply facilities in Bangladesh 1991-2002 12 Figure 4.3: Domestic water supply in Rajshahi Zila in 2001 ................................................... 13 Figure 4.4: Water quality results for surface water in Rajshahi City........................................ 15 Figure 4.5: Sanitation facilities in Rajshahi Zila 1991 and 2001.............................................. 16 Figure 5.1: Percentage of households owning agricultural land by Upazila or Thana ............ 21 Figure 5.2: Method of irrigation by land area in Rajshahi Division 2002-2003........................ 21 Figure 6.1: Percentage share by category of industries in Rajshahi Zila................................ 23 Figure 6.2: Percentage of industries in various locations in Rajshahi Zila.............................. 24 Figure 7.1: Project site within RCC area ................................................................................. 25 List of Tables Table 2.1: Land use of RCC area in 2003................................................................................. 4 Table 2.2: Administrative units in Rajshahi Zila......................................................................... 5 Table 2.3: Adjusted population 2001......................................................................................... 6 Table 2.4: Population statistics for Rajshahi City Corporation area .......................................... 7 Table 3.1: Agro-ecological zones in Rajshahi ........................................................................... 8 Table 4.1: Main income source for households in the four thanas of RCC area .................... 11 Table 4.2: Literacy rates for Rajshahi City Corporation area .................................................. 11 Table 4.3: Demand, supply and deficit of water in Rajshahi City ............................................ 13 Table 4.4: Percentage of households with access to sanitation facilities................................ 16 Table 4.5: Diseases suffered during the past three months.................................................... 18 Table 4.6: Communicable diseases by district for 1998.......................................................... 18 Table 4.7: Types of facilities at different levels, 2002.............................................................. 19 Table 5.1: Land utilization for Bangladesh and Rajshahi Division 2002-2003 ........................ 20 Table 6.1: Type and Number of Industries in Rajshahi Zila .................................................... 23 List of Annexes Annex I: Spatial Planning Zone (SPZ) with Functional Master Plan Area.................................. I Annex II: Major source of household income for Rajshahi Zila ................................................. II Annex III: Standards from the Environmental Conservation Rules 1997 ................................. III ii Acronyms, Abbreviations and Definitions BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics BSCIC Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industries Corporation CBO Community Based Organizations DAE Department of Agriculture Extension DPHE Department for Public Health Engineering DoE Department of Environment EU European Union GoB Government of Bangladesh IWMI International Water Management Institute NGOF NGO Forum for Water Supply and Sanitation PEC Post enumerated check RCC Rajshahi City Corporation RDA Rajshahi Development Authority SAAO Sub-Assistant Agriculture Officer WASPA Wastewater Agriculture and Sanitation for Poverty Alleviation MPO Master Plan Organization DTW Deep Tube Well DSSTW Deep Set Shallow Tube Well STW Shallow Tube Well m3 Cubic meter mm millimeter Households are defined in the Government of Bangladesh Census as: “persons either related or unrelated, living together and taking food from the same kitchen” (BBS 2005a, p. 5). Literacy denotes ability to write a letter in any language (BBS 2005c). iii 1 Introduction This report provides