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A Abjad, 430, 891 Abugida, 430, 891 Academic Systems, 429, 448

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Index A Anchor points, 717 Abjad, 430, 891 Angular radial transform (ART) descriptors, Abugida, 430, 891 526, 530, 532 Academic systems, 429, 448 Animated, 625, 630, 633, 636, 637 Accidental forgery, 932 Anisotropic Gaussian, 269–271 Accuracy, 44, 50, 51, 54, 1023, 1024, ANN. See Artificial neural networks (ANN) 1027, 1033 Annotation, 630, 639, 966–968, 976, 983–1002 Acid-free paper, 15 Application domains, 182, 198 Acquisition, 11–60, 984–986, 989–991, Approximate NN search, 170 993, 996 APTI, 450 Action plan, 919, 921, 926, 929, 930 Arabic AdaBoost, 862, 865, 866 alphabet, 430, 434–436, 449 Adaptive local connectivity map, 476 extension, 435 Address block(s), 715, 717, 720, 721, 723, 724 letters, 432, 435, 436 Address block location, 720, 723–724, 727 OCR, 450 Address database, 715, 720, 729, 730, 744 writing styles, 437–438 Address interpretation, 723 writing system, 432 Address recognition systems, 709, 710, Arabic and Persian signatures, 930 720–723, 732, 733, 744 Arabic and Syriac are cursive, 428 Adjacency Arabic recognition approaches, 446 grammars, 528, 537 Aramaic letters, 433 matrices, 541, 544 Arc detection, 505, 511, 512 Affine covariant, 629 Architectural drawings, 493, 495, 511–513 AHARONI, 440 Area under the curve (AUC), 931 Algebraic invariants, 617 Area Voronoi diagram, 146, 147, 156, 157, Allograph, 303, 304 161, 163 Alphabet(s), 7–9, 303, 304, 306, 307, 312, Arial, 323 891, 892, 896, 897, 902, 904, 906, Arrowheads, 493, 512, 513 908, 913 Artificial intelligence, 332 Alphabetic class, 429 Artificial neural networks (ANN), 617, 632, Alphabetic fields, 719 636, 821, 835 Ambiguity, 680 Aruspix, 753, 768, 771 Analysis of Invoices, 184 Aryan language, 304 Analysis System to Interpret Areas in Ascenders and descenders, 325, 442–444, 810, Single-sided Letters (ANASTASIL), 812, 814 181, 182, 207, 208 ASCII characters, 817 Analytical word recognition, 725 Asian scripts, 460–462, 471, 475, 483 D. Doermann, K. Tombre (eds.), Handbook of Document Image 1037 Processing and Recognition, DOI 10.1007/978-0-85729-859-1, © Springer-Verlag London 2014 1038 Index Aspect, 279, 284 Bidirectional long short-term memory Assamese, 301, 304 (BLSTM), 822, 823 Assessment Bi-gram probability, 410, 411, 415 function, 1029–1032 Bi-lingual script, 314, 316 methods, 1031 Billboards, 629, 640 Associative graphs, 527, 536–538 Binarization, 44, 49, 54, 189, 262, 275, 335, Assyrian script, 439 336, 338–339, 355, 466, 475–477, Attributed grammars, 695 716, 814, 984, 986, 989, 990, Attributed relational graph (ARG), 904 992–994, 1018–1022, 1024, 1033 Attributive symbols, 750 algorithms, 716 Automatic document processing, 614 of handprinted text, 367 Automatic letter sorting machines, 709 skew correction, and noise, 755 Automatic number plate recognition Binary (ANPR), 846 classifier, 738 images, 716 mask, 633 B Bipartite graph, 540 Background analysis method, 144–146, 148, Black-and-white document, 144, 147 149, 158, 164 Bleed-through, 49, 95, 97, 99 Backtracking, 148 Blind attacker, 932 Bag-of-features, 871, 873, 874 Blob noise, 621 Bag-of-words, 618, 620, 627, 629 Block(s), 752 Bangla, 301, 305, 306, 308, 309, 315, 316, Block adjacency graphs, 479 321, 326, 461, 465 Block overlay phenomena, 778 Bank check(s), 363 Blur, 46, 48, 53, 54, 57, 59, 573, 844, 853, Bank check recognition, 67 856, 857 Banners, 640 Blurring, 623, 850, 854, 856–857 Bar codes, 708, 709, 723 Boldface, 322, 325 Bar lines, 751, 761, 767, 769 BongNet, 902, 903, 910 Bar units, 752 Book Baselines, 260, 263, 265, 266, 275–276, binding, 52, 57–59 287, 684, 686–688, 691, 692, 696, scanners, 846 810–815 Boosting methods, 540, 542, 543 Baselines extraction, 442, 686, 687, 691, 692 Borda count, 607 Base-region points, 311 Border removal, 102, 103 Baum-Welch algorithm, 350 Born digital documents, 687, 690 Bayesian combination rules, 739 Bottom-up strategies, 137, 144, 148, 149, 155, Bayesian network, 902, 903 157, 565, 566, 571, 722, 723, 928, BBN, 335, 354, 355 940, 941 Behavioural characteristics, 918 Bounding box, 367, 377, 382 Belga Logos, 632, 640 projections, 761, 764 Bengali Boxing systems, 723 alphabet, 304 Brain stroke risk factors, 941 script, 303, 304 Branch-and-bound, 628, 632 Bezier curve, 893 Brightness, 35, 37, 40, 43, 44 Bibliographic Broadcasting industry, 623 citation, 209 Brodatz textures, 314 metadata, 209 Brute-force attacker, 932 Biblio system, 196, 213 B-splines, 125, 126 Bidimensional Burmese, 314, 318 grammars, 513 Business Letter, 181, 182, 185, 186, 192, 197, patterns, 514 199, 204–210, 216 Index 1039 C Chemical drawing recognition, 973–974 C4.5 algorithm, 616 Chinese, 296, 305, 307–310, 312–316, Calligraphic 318–321, 325 characters, 852 Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA), 465 interfaces, 951 Chinese and Japanese signatures, 930 Calliope, 20 Chinese handwriting recognition competition, Camera(s), 44–47, 52, 59 463, 465 Camera-based OCR, 844–850, 860, 861, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) 872, 874 ideographic character, 462 Camera-captured, 546 scripts, 460–463, 465–474 Cancellable biometrics, 931 Chrominance, 628 Candidate(s), 274, 280, 281, 284 CIDK. See Class independent domain Candidate staff-line segments, 757 knowledge (CIDK) Canonical structure, 462 City name recognition, 720, 722, Caption texts, 489, 848, 854, 855, 862, 725–727 866, 872 Class dependent domain knowledge Carbon paper, 28, 31 (CDDK), 197, 204 Car license plates, 846 Classes of forgeries, 932 Case-based reasoning (CBR), 197, 211 Classification, 463, 470–473, 478, 479, CBIR. See Content-based image retrieval 482–484, 535, 538–543, 545, (CBIR) 760–764, 766–769 CCH. See Co-occurrence histograms (CCH) Classification units, 478, 479 CDDK. See Class dependent domain Classifiers, 279, 281, 282, 284–286, knowledge (CDDK) 446–449, 451 Census forms, 363 Classifiers combination, 383, 689, 692 Chain Codes, 120–123, 369, 377, 384, 525, Class independent domain knowledge (CIDK), 527, 534 197, 207 Character Client-entropy measure, 930 forms, 363 Cluttered background, 623 recognition, 331–356, 359–385, 427–453, CNN. 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    ISO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N 2029 Date: 1999-05-29 TITLE: Repertoire additions for ISO/IEC 10646-1 - Cumulative List No.9 SOURCE: Bruce Paterson, project editor STATUS: Standing Document, replacing WG2 N 1936 ACTION: For review and confirmation by WG2 DISTRIBUTION: Members of JTC1/SC2/WG2 INTRODUCTION This working paper contains the accumulated list of additions to the repertoire of ISO/IEC 10646-1 agreed by WG2, up to meeting no.36 (Fukuoka). A summary of all allocations within the BMP is given in Annex 1. A list of additional Collections, Blocks, and character tables is given in Annex 2. All additions are assigned to a Character Category, in accordance with clause II of the document "Principles and Procedures for Allocation of New Characters and Scripts" WG2 N 1502. The column Cat. in the table below shows the category (A to G) assigned by WG2. An entry P in this column indicates that the characters are provisionally accepted by WG2. WG2 Cat. No of Code Character(s) Source Current Ballot mtg.res chars position(s) doc. ref. end date NEW/EXTENDED SCRIPTS 27.14 A 11172 AC00-D7A3 Hangul syllables (revision) N1158 AMD 5 - 28.2 A 31 0591-05AF Hebrew cantillation marks N1217 AMD 7 - +05C4 28.5 A 174 0F00-0FB9 Tibetan N1238 AMD 6 - 31.4 A 346 1200-137F Ethiopic N1420 AMD10 - 31.6 A 623 1400-167F Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics N1441 AMD11 - 31.7 B1 85 13A0-13AF Cherokee N1172 AMD12 - & N1362 32.14 A 6582 3400-4DBF CJK Unified Ideograph Exten.
  • 1 Working Draft for Supporting Blueberry Revision of XML

    1 Working Draft for Supporting Blueberry Revision of XML

    Working Draft for Supporting Blueberry Revision of XML Recommendation (1.0) with Particular Emphasis on Ethiopic Script and Writing System November 2001 This Version: http://www.digitaladdis.com/sk/ Ethiopics XML_Proposal_Version1.pdf Latest Ver.: http://www.digitaladdis.com/sk/ Ethiopics XML_Proposal_Version1.pdf Authors/Editors: Samuel Kinde Kassegne (Nanogen, UC San Diego, Engg Ext.) <[email protected]> Bibi Ephraim (Hewlett Packard) <[email protected]> Copyright ©2001, SKK, BE. Working Draft for Supporting Blueberry Revision of XML - Ethiopics Script 1 Abstract This document contains XML example codes, surveys and recommendations that support the need for Ethiopic script-based XML element type and attribute names in Amharic, Afaan Oromo, Tigrigna, Agewgna, Guragina, Hadiya, Harari, Sidama, Kembatigna and other Ethiopian languages that use Ethiopic script. Status of this Document This document is an initial working draft that is to be widely circulated for comment from the Ethiopic XML Interest Group and the wider public. The document is a work in progress. Table of Contents 1. Scope 2. Introduction 3. Objective 4. Review of Status of Native HTML and XML Applications in Ethiopic 4.1. Evolution of Ethiopic Content in HTML 4.2. Ethiopic and XML 5. Hybrid XML Document Markups in Ethiopic 5.1. Examples 5.2. Discussions 6. Fully-Native XML Document Markups in Ethiopic 6.1. Examples 6.2. Discussions 7. Conclusions and Recommendations 8. Appendix 9. References Working Draft for Supporting Blueberry Revision of XML - Ethiopics Script 2 1. Scope The work reported in this document contains XML example codes, surveys and recommendations that support the need for a revision of current XML standards to allow Ethiopic-based XML element type and attribute names in Amharic, Afaan Oromo, Tigrigna, Agewgna, Guragina, Hadiya, Harari, Sidama, Kembatigna and other Ethiopian languages that use Ethiopic script.