Answers Neatly and in Good English

Write your name here (Surname Other names ] Centre Number Candidate Number Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Chemistry Unit:4CHO Paper: 2CR

Wednesday 13 June 201 8 - Morning Paper Reference Time: 1 hour 4CHO/2CR

You must have: Total Marks Ruler, calculator ]

Instructions • Use black ink or ball-point pen. • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, centre number and candidate number. • Answer all questions. • Answer the questions in the spaces provided - there may be more space than you need. • Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units. • Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box Kl. If you change your mind about an answer, put a line through the box N and then mark your new answer with a cross IX].

Information

• The total mark for this paper is 60. • The marks for each question are shown in brackets - use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice • Read each question carefully before you start to answer it. • Write your answers neatly and in good English. • Try to answer every question. • Check your answers if you have time at the end.

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Answer ALL questions. iC 1 The table shows some information about five gases. y sc: < Formula Boiling point 2 Gas c' of molecule in°C z: chlorine Cl -35 2 oxygen -183 e A. 5 carbon monoxide co -191 ft 3 z N -196 nitrogen 2 9 5. H -253 hydrogen 2

Choose gases from the table to answer this question.

You may use each gas once, more than once, or not at all. (a) Name the gas that is a compound. t (1)

^ C^bo'<\ mo^voxil c »3r';1

-':;:' (b) Name the gas necessary for rusting to occur. 23' ••'.;> (1) U3; I (c) Name the gas that bleaches moist litmus paper. I (1) I %" .(M^^ 8 (d) Name the gas that has the highest percentage by volume in air. I (1) 8 i i .^ihp^*.. <%. (e) Name the gas that has the highest boiling point. (1) I .(A.b

Tiirn ni/or ^ 2 A student uses this apparatus to study the rate of the reaction between marble chips and dilute hydrochloric acid. p cotton wool ^ /• 0 § -^

-^y 30 ^

I z -1 3: marble chips ^ dilute hydrochloric acid > g

balance

•3,30.c<5 s

She uses this method. .•'0 ^ place a conical flask on a balance I put 15 g of large marble chips in the flask ^ ^ •A-t add 25 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid to the flask •§m :gi record the mass of the flask and contents, and start a timer II record the mass of the flask and contents every 30 seconds until the reaction ends i The equation for the reaction is i m

CaCO^s) + 2HCL(aq) -> CaC^(aq) + C0,(g) + Hp(l) M

(a) (i) Explain what happens to the mass of the flask and contents during the reaction. 8 (2) s cl^^^^^,,, .^s, Co^ .1^^^^ i • I ji ilTl li (ii) State why the reaction ends, even though some marble chips remain in the flask. ;1) .A].l...&....Ha...... h^....^^-d I IS %; a i§ li 4 I ^

(iii) State how the student would know when the reaction has ended. (1) t I /y^^.., oi:.A.Ji.^.^ .^ 2 t: y u (b) The student plots her results on a grid. s 0.7- ? z H 0.6- ? 3 4 0.5- ~T

loss in 0.4 -\ :n mass in g 0.3- I. 0.2- &::. 0.1 - I I jttt •t - TTI 0 I 0 246 8 10 12 14 &i> time in minutes ^ K I (i) At which time is the rate of reaction greatest? ?'? (1) I K A 1 minute I D B 4 minutes ^ C 6 minutes I D D 8 minutes I (ii) The student repeats the experiment with the same volume and concentration i of acid, but with 15 g of smaller marble chips. ' M On the grid, sketch the curve you would expect for this experiment. I (2) M I I I I I

I 5

I Ill Tiirn f\\fov (c) Explain how decreasing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid affects the rate of reaction. 0 Refer to particle collision theory in your answer. 0 (3) 3 ^.^...... ^L .(?^^L...ih. .11^...... s^ I

..^^,^.... j^c^$s.fcL..c0y/S)^ z 1^^^ .^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^

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(Total for Question 2 = 10 marks) i •;^z i I :1.fiFO I M i M K I I I II i II i I K N s 6 y

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Ki K! Ki 8U i^/ lU ^ s I It ri I- ii I II^ li i IL 7

Tiiaoyt J^I/A»- & 3 A student is provided with a solution of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and a solution of 0.0200 mol/dm3 phosphoric(V) acid, H PO^ She does a titration to find the volume of the phosphoric(V) acid that reacts with § 25.0cm3 of the sodium hydroxide. § 2 -I m burette z I ^ § ^ )1 conical flask white tile

•o This is the student's method. :Q • add phosphoric(V) acid to a clean burette until it is nearly full i record the burette reading use a measuring cylinder to add 25.0cm3 of the sodium hydroxide to a clean i conical flask ;<:z 1 add a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the flask place the flask on a white tile ,i add phosphoric(V) acid from the burette until the indicator changes colour ^ ?m record the burette reading I! wash the flask using distilled water and then dry the flask repeat the titration I i! v%s Issi§ % I li li II II i I I ,"'^.^:.;, s's

at start...... P,nk- atend . CpWi^S

(iv) The student dries the flask after washing it with distilled water. li Suggest why it is not necessary to dry the flask before repeating the titration. I (1) •r':1 ,y^b<. ..(LQQ i^oh..^^ ^'; I2:^: I I i i B 8 it s i; i^I II

I I•^ I 5$$ IKv <'*-'•..' i ^ s^' II ^ Ill 9 T..»» -*.—.« fc. (b) The diagram shows the student's burette readings for her titration, before and after adding the acid. § 1 22 s 2° -1 m z

2 23 t/1

> before after

Use the readings to complete the table, giving all values to the nearest 0.05 cm3. (2)

::<0 burette reading after adding the acid 22.80 ^ I burette reading before adding the acid 1-4S

volume in cm3 of acid added Zl-35 I I i i I I s I li I^ I8 I I 1% 8 B II X'K 10 I II (c) Another student does the experiment four times. iC The table shows his results. t t 2 Volume in cm3 of acid added 21.80 21.50 21.35 21.40 c z: Concordant results (/) ^ u E 3 Concordant results are those within 0.20cm3 of each other. ? z- (i) Place ticks in the table to show which results are concordant. I (1)

(ii) Use the concordant results to calculate the average (mean) volume of acid added. 7^_So^_2-l-3S^ ^-^o ^ ^l.^-L s I ^

•'..:' 2.1.^f^ 3 I average volume cm 1^ (d) The titration is repeated many times. 1^ w^'. The average result from all these titrations shows that 25.0cm3 sodium hydroxide reacts with 21.30cm3 of 0.0200 mol/dm3 phosphoric(V) acid.

The equation for the reaction is H^PO^ + 3NaOH -^ Na^PO^ + 3H,0 I Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm3, of the sodium hydroxide solution. x (3) K hf^Po^ + 3M.oH -? M^P^ ^^o & ^f I V o.ouy Q.otS I C 0.0'L 0.0^'^ I ^ i\.f^^ (.Z7^(o-3 •s ^7 concentration of sodium hydroxide solution = ...,L/...'....V-'/..<-/..'...... mol/dm3 I r\^c^ I"'•S (Total for Question 3=13 marks) I I s i S¥ Ill n Ti i yn j 4 The box shows the molecular formulae of some organic compounds.

p Q R g CH C.H, C,H, 4 §

s T u 2 -1 ^. C.H,Br, ^s •2 -4

? to '. (a) Choose compounds from the box to answer this question. > g You may use each compound once, more than once or not at all.

(i) Identify a compound that is not a hydrocarbon. f (1)

(ii) Identify a compound that has the same empirical formula as its molecular ,i;<@ formula. ^0 (1) I f I (b) (i) Draw the displayed formula for compound P. I (1) II I i M M-c H ii: II ij 1-^ N N (ii) Draw the displayed formula for two straight-chain isomers of compound U. N (2) I i i II lli 11 ^ %ff? V 1^ I;4 •i< , ^ c=C-C-^-M ^-c-c 1-1. r I a H A M '^ 1^ \A I il 81 Isomer 1 lsomer2 s ••:'^>? <^ 12 lilt (c) (i) Compound Q reacts with bromine to form compound T.

Describe the observation that would be made during this reaction. I (1) 2 ).^^..<..K^...... ^.^..^...... A^...... r^4..:...^^^ E: u- (ii) Suggest how compound R could be converted into compound T. (2) > .^.^.,...... L^i}^..,.....fc^.^..^h.^...... ^.4.UVL:^.£.....^ ? 3

(d) Compound Q is used as the starting material in the manufacture of polymers such 5::;i1 as poly(ethene) and poly(chloroethene). (i) What type of polymers are poly(ethene) and poly(chloroethene)? I (1) ?., ^ )0^ \6<5 •'..:' ^> T^ £^ (ii) Complete the diagram to show the displayed formula of poly(chloroethene). ^ (2) i v-f- ^ ? \ s c c-

% r\ li ' H ^ ^ 8

I (e) Nylon is a polymer formed by a different polymerisation process. (i) Give the name of this polymerisation process. I (1) Î C^^.Âs4l^n ôl^6

5 This apparatus is called a Hofmann voltameter. It is used to collect the gases produced when an electric current passes through a solution of dilute sulfuric acid. 0 0 dilute sulfuric acid ^ I 2 •i -< m

0 hydrogen 3: oxygen (^ I g

f negative electrode i positive electrode a -s + 6V dc power supply I >:ii :^§ (a) (i) Name the process that takes place in the Hofmann voltameter. .r^m (1) '£z [e(^M^.^.... 1 (ii) State why zinc should not be used for the electrodes. (1) i%: ..^.^C,.fe^b...... LA)..i.lL.....5.^!.^^^...... ^l.,-^ i (b) (i) Describe a test to show that the gas produced at the positive electrode is oxygen. 8 (1) g i ^lM.^^,....^pi^L.....xd^^ li li i$^ ^ ;SI (ii) Write an ionic half-equation to represent the reaction that produces hydrogen ^ :SM at the negative electrode. ?s"? (1) ^ ^HT,+ ^7c -> H 3 ^ II I I 8

14 1

(c) An ionic half-equation for the reaction at the positive electrode is s a; 2H^O -^ 0, + 4H+ + 4e- I t j t 2 Calculate the maximum volume of oxygen that could be formed at room temperature c and pressure (rtp) if a charge of 0.010 faraday is passed through the dilute sulfuricsulfuric acic acid. i s;1 [molar volume of oxygen gas is 24000cm3 at rtp] u (3) c ^ ^ar^^ ^^ I m^L °\2- ? ? O.oio F^

f,. e:. ^:. ^: ^ maximum volume of oxygen 60 cm3

(d) The ionic half-equation for the reaction at the positive electrode is sometimes I shown as ^ 40H~ -> 0^ + 2Hp + 4e- I Suggest why this half-equation is not the best way to show the reaction at the positive electrode when an electric current is passed through a solution of I: dilute sulfuric acid. (1) E ..V^^...... b^...... c0^c^^2/^...... o^,,QHlj.^ 8 ..AJte.LC.,,....

I (Total for Question 5=8 marks) I *% K iI I ^ i^ i§ I ^ 111111111 15 T..-^ -»../.» ^. § s

i 30 -I m t I tn il

I Ii 11 BLANK PAGE 'It I 11 M s I €<;» j i &i^ m. !1I

II IIM II Jl 16 Ill 6 Heptanol and hydrogen are both used as fuels. t (a) A student uses this apparatus to find the heat energy released from the combustion u e ofheptanol. a: 2 c 2 u e s metal can — z: water ? 3 I

burner heptanol A ^s:

He uses this formula ( 0= mx 4.18x AT

[0 = heat energy released, m = mass of water in g, AT = change in temperature of water] ! 1.00 cm3 water has a mass of 1.00 g. i: (i) State the measurements that the student needs to record to find a value for i the heat energy released. I (2) I VoL/n^ o^:^^ ^ K .^^.p.^^...... o.<^...^ m K i B

K•<'•:• I (ii) The student burns 0.75 g of heptanol and calculates Q to be 19RJ. Use this information to calculate the molar enthalpy change, in kJ/mol, for the combustion ofheptanol. I [M,ofheptanol=114] I ^ 0^> -^ A . S ^ xto ^^ (3) I n T^r TI^ ^s i '\ I I -- Z^&g ^5moL il -3 i 6.5b^° i i? ^i 2-^00 8 molar enthalpy change kJ/mol 11111111111111111111 17 7« •a^w» ^ti^rf^ait 3tt; (b) The equation for the combustion of hydrogen is

2H, + 0, ^ 2H,0 9 6 (i) This equation shows the reaction, including the covalent bonds in the molecules. §

2H—H + 0=0 ^ 2H—0—H 30 The table gives the average (mean) bond energies. m z Average bond energy Bond (7 in kJ/mol > I H—H 436 s 0==0 498

H—0 464 J Use the values in the table to calculate the enthalpy change, AH, for the reaction.

Include the sign in your answer. <0 (3)

li I?SITI ::t 8 li<<'>" I yS>? ^s x'x; 18 I (ii) Complete the energy level diagram for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen by showing the reactants and products.

I Label the enthalpy change, AH, for the reaction. < (2) 2 c ^\ z:

2 ? ? z I IW^OL Energy ^, ZH,.G

^ s';

•':.: (Total for Question 6=10 marks)

^ TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS I I I s K il I i I I i I I ^ Ki xS •y> I Ill II 19 § § s ^ 2

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iii Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material. Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any such rectifications in I future editions. K x^ 20 II I