Colour and Colorimetry Multidisciplinary Contributions
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Color Theory for Painting Video: Color Perception
Color Theory For Painting Video: Color Perception • http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/beau_lotto_optical_illusions_show_how_we_see.html • Experiment • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8U0YPHxiFQ Intro to color theory • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=059-0wrJpAU&feature=relmfu Color Theory Principles • The Color Wheel • Color context • Color Schemes • Color Applications and Effects The Color Wheel The Color Wheel • A circular diagram displaying the spectrum of visible colors. The Color Wheel: Primary Colors • Primary Colors: Red, yellow and blue • In traditional color theory, primary colors can not be mixed or formed by any combination of other colors. • All other colors are derived from these 3 hues. The Color Wheel: Secondary Colors • Secondary Colors: Green, orange and purple • These are the colors formed by mixing the primary colors. The Color Wheel: Tertiary Colors • Tertiary Colors: Yellow- orange, red-orange, red-purple, blue-purple, blue-green & yellow-green • • These are the colors formed by mixing a primary and a secondary color. • Often have a two-word name, such as blue-green, red-violet, and yellow-orange. Color Context • How color behaves in relation to other colors and shapes is a complex area of color theory. Compare the contrast effects of different color backgrounds for the same red square. Color Context • Does your impression od the center square change based on the surround? Color Context Additive colors • Additive: Mixing colored Light Subtractive Colors • Subtractive Colors: Mixing colored pigments Color Schemes Color Schemes • Formulas for creating visual unity [often called color harmony] using colors on the color wheel Basic Schemes • Analogous • Complementary • Triadic • Split complement Analogous Color formula used to create color harmony through the selection of three related colors which are next to one another on the color wheel. -
Alchemical Culture and Poetry in Early Modern England
Alchemical culture and poetry in early modern England PHILIP BALL Nature, 4–6 Crinan Street, London N1 9XW, UK There is a longstanding tradition of using alchemical imagery in poetry. It first flourished at the end of the sixteenth century, when the status of alchemy itself was revitalised in European society. Here I explain the reasons for this resurgence of the Hermetic arts, and explore how it was manifested in English culture and in particular in the literary and poetic works of the time. In 1652 the English scholar Elias Ashmole published a collection of alchemical texts called Theatrum Chymicum Britannicum, comprising ‘Several Poeticall Pieces of Our Most Famous English Philosophers’. Among the ‘chemical philosophers’ represented in the volume were the fifteenth-century alchemists Sir George Ripley and Thomas Norton – savants who, Ashmole complained, were renowned on the European continent but unduly neglected in their native country. Ashmole trained in law, but through his (second) marriage to a rich widow twenty years his senior he acquired the private means to indulge at his leisure a scholarly passion for alchemy and astrology. A Royalist by inclination, he had been forced to leave his London home during the English Civil War and had taken refuge in Oxford, the stronghold of Charles I’s forces. In 1677 he donated his impressive collection of antiquities to the University of Oxford, and the building constructed to house them became the Ashmolean, the first public museum in England. Ashmole returned to London after the civil war and began to compile the Theatrum, which was intended initially as a two-volume work. -
Indiana's Native Magnolias
FNR-238 Purdue University Forestry and Natural Resources Know your Trees Series Indiana’s Native Magnolias Sally S. Weeks, Dendrologist Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 This publication is available in color at http://www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/fnr.htm Introduction When most Midwesterners think of a magnolia, images of the grand, evergreen southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) (Figure 1) usually come to mind. Even those familiar with magnolias tend to think of them as occurring only in the South, where a more moderate climate prevails. Seven species do indeed thrive, especially in the southern Appalachian Mountains. But how many Hoosiers know that there are two native species Figure 2. Cucumber magnolia when planted will grow well throughout Indiana. In Charles Deam’s Trees of Indiana, the author reports “it doubtless occurred in all or nearly all of the counties in southern Indiana south of a line drawn from Franklin to Knox counties.” It was mainly found as a scattered, woodland tree and considered very local. Today, it is known to occur in only three small native populations and is listed as State Endangered Figure 1. Southern magnolia by the Division of Nature Preserves within Indiana’s Department of Natural Resources. found in Indiana? Very few, I suspect. No native As the common name suggests, the immature magnolias occur further west than eastern Texas, fruits are green and resemble a cucumber so we “easterners” are uniquely blessed with the (Figure 3). Pioneers added the seeds to whisky presence of these beautiful flowering trees. to make bitters, a supposed remedy for many Indiana’s most “abundant” species, cucumber ailments. -
COLOR SPACE MODELS for VIDEO and CHROMA SUBSAMPLING
COLOR SPACE MODELS for VIDEO and CHROMA SUBSAMPLING Color space A color model is an abstract mathematical model describing the way colors can be represented as tuples of numbers, typically as three or four values or color components (e.g. RGB and CMYK are color models). However, a color model with no associated mapping function to an absolute color space is a more or less arbitrary color system with little connection to the requirements of any given application. Adding a certain mapping function between the color model and a certain reference color space results in a definite "footprint" within the reference color space. This "footprint" is known as a gamut, and, in combination with the color model, defines a new color space. For example, Adobe RGB and sRGB are two different absolute color spaces, both based on the RGB model. In the most generic sense of the definition above, color spaces can be defined without the use of a color model. These spaces, such as Pantone, are in effect a given set of names or numbers which are defined by the existence of a corresponding set of physical color swatches. This article focuses on the mathematical model concept. Understanding the concept Most people have heard that a wide range of colors can be created by the primary colors red, blue, and yellow, if working with paints. Those colors then define a color space. We can specify the amount of red color as the X axis, the amount of blue as the Y axis, and the amount of yellow as the Z axis, giving us a three-dimensional space, wherein every possible color has a unique position. -
CY 2001 Compared to CY 2000
Source: 2001 ACAIS Summary of Enplanement Activity CY 2001 Compared to CY 2000 Svc Hub CY 2001 CY 2000 % Locid Airport Name City ST RO Lvl Type Enplanement Enplanement Change ATL The William B Hartsfield Atlanta International Atlanta GA SO P L 37,181,068 39,277,901 -5.34% ORD Chicago O'Hare International Chicago IL GL P L 31,529,561 33,845,895 -6.84% LAX Los Angeles International Los Angeles CA WP P L 29,365,436 32,167,896 -8.71% DFW Dallas/Fort Worth International Fort Worth TX SW P L 25,610,562 28,274,512 -9.42% PHX Phoenix Sky Harbor International Phoenix AZ WP P L 17,478,622 18,094,251 -3.40% DEN Denver International Denver CO NM P L 17,178,872 18,382,940 -6.55% LAS Mc Carran International Las Vegas NV WP P L 16,633,435 17,425,214 -4.54% SFO San Francisco International San Francisco CA WP P L 16,475,611 19,556,795 -15.76% IAH George Bush Intercontinental Houston TX SW P L 16,173,551 16,358,035 -1.13% Minneapolis-St Paul International/Wold- MSP Chamberlain/ Minneapolis MN GL P L 15,852,433 16,959,014 -6.53% DTW Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Detroit MI GL P L 15,819,584 17,326,775 -8.70% EWR Newark International Newark NJ EA P L 15,497,560 17,212,226 -9.96% MIA Miami International Miami FL SO P L 14,941,663 16,489,341 -9.39% JFK John F Kennedy International New York NY EA P L 14,553,815 16,155,437 -9.91% MCO Orlando International Orlando FL SO P L 13,622,397 14,831,648 -8.15% STL Lambert-St Louis International St. -
C-316: a Guide to Color
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL, CONSUMER AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES A Guide to Color Revised by Jennah McKinley1 aces.nmsu.edu/pubs • Cooperative Extension Service • Guide C-316 The College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences is an engine for economic and community development in New Figure 1. Sample color wheel. Mexico, improving the lives of New Color is one of the most important stimuli in the world. It affects our moods and personal characteristics. We speak of blue Mondays, being Mexicans through in the pink, seeing red, and everything coming up roses. Webster de- fines color as the sensation resulting from stimulating the eye’s retina with light waves of certain wavelengths. Those sensations have been academic, research, given names such as red, green, and purple. Color communicates. It tells others about you. What determines and extension your choice of colors in your clothing? In your home? In your office? In your car? Your selection of color is influenced by age, personality, programs. experiences, the occasion, the effect of light, size, texture, and a variety of other factors. Some people have misconceptions about color. They may feel cer- tain colors should never be used together, certain colors are always unflattering, or certain colors indicate a person’s character. These ideas will limit their enjoyment of color and can cause them a great deal of frustration in life. To get a better understanding of color, look at na- ture. Consider these facts: All About Discovery!TM • The prettiest gardens have a wide variety of reds, oranges, pinks, New Mexico State University violets, purples, and yellows all mixed together. -
Color Harmonization Daniel Cohen-Or Olga Sorkine Ran Gal Tommer Leyvand Ying-Qing Xu Tel Aviv University∗ Microsoft Research Asia†
Color Harmonization Daniel Cohen-Or Olga Sorkine Ran Gal Tommer Leyvand Ying-Qing Xu Tel Aviv University∗ Microsoft Research Asia† original image harmonized image Figure 1: Harmonization in action. Our algorithm changes the colors of the background image to harmonize them with the foreground. Abstract colors are sets of colors that hold some special internal relation- ship that provides a pleasant visual perception. Harmony among Harmonic colors are sets of colors that are aesthetically pleasing colors is not determined by specific colors, but rather by their rel- in terms of human visual perception. In this paper, we present a ative position in color space. Generating harmonic colors has been method that enhances the harmony among the colors of a given an open problem among artists and scientists [Holtzschue 2002]. photograph or of a general image, while remaining faithful, as much Munsell [1969] and Goethe [1971] have defined color harmony as as possible, to the original colors. Given a color image, our method balance, in an effort to transfer the concept of color harmony from finds the best harmonic scheme for the image colors. It then allows a subjective perspective to an objective one. Although currently a graceful shifting of hue values so as to fit the harmonic scheme there is no formulation that defines a harmonic set, there is a con- while considering spatial coherence among colors of neighboring sensus among artists that defines when a set is harmonic, and there pixels using an optimization technique. The results demonstrate are some forms, schemes and relations in color space that describe that our method is capable of automatically enhancing the color a harmony of colors [Matsuda 1995; Tokumaru et al. -
Contrast Sensitivity
FUNDAMENTALS OF MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGIES Lecture slides BME Dept. of Networked Systems and Services 2018. Synopsis – Psychophysical fundamentals of the human visual system – Color spaces, video components and quantization of video signal – ITU-601 (SD), and ITU-709 (HD) raster formats, sampling frequencies, UHDTV recommendations – Basics of signal compression: differential quantization, linear prediction, transform coding – JPEG (DCT based transform coding) – Video compression: motion estimation and motion compensated prediction, block matching algorithms, MPEG-1 and MPEG-2, – H-264/MPEG-4 AVC: differences from MPEG-2 Multimedia Tech. 2 What is our aim, and why? – Components of a video format • size (resolution, raster) • frame rate • representation of a color pixel (color space, luma/chroma components) – Two main goals: • finding a video format, that ensures indistinguishable video quality from the real, original scene • derive a source encoder methodology resulting in unnoticeable errors for Human Visual System – Suitable representation/encoding method, adapted to human vision ! important to know basics of human vision Multimedia Tech. 3 Visible spectrum Visible light and colors – The Human Visual System (HVS) is sensitive to a narrow frequency band of the electromagnetic spectrum: • frequencies/wavelengths between ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR): between ca. 400 and 700 nm of wavelength – Different wavelengths: different color experiences for HVS – Basic perceived colors: • blue, cyan, green, yellow, orange, red, purple. • White (and -
Magnolia X Soulangiana Saucer Magnolia1 Edward F
Fact Sheet ST-386 October 1994 Magnolia x soulangiana Saucer Magnolia1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION Saucer Magnolia is a multi-stemmed, spreading tree, 25 feet tall with a 20 to 30-foot spread and bright, attractive gray bark (Fig. 1). Growth rate is moderately fast but slows down considerably as the tree reaches about 20-years of age. Young trees are distinctly upright, becoming more oval, then round by 10 years of age. Large, fuzzy, green flower buds are carried through the winter at the tips of brittle branches. The blooms open in late winter to early spring before the leaves, producing large, white flowers shaded in pink, creating a spectacular flower display. However, a late frost can often ruin the flowers in all areas where it is grown. This can be incredibly disappointing since you wait 51 weeks for the flowers to appear. In warmer climates, the late- flowering selections avoid frost damage but some are less showy than the early-flowered forms which blossom when little else is in flower. GENERAL INFORMATION Scientific name: Magnolia x soulangiana Figure 1. Middle-aged Saucer Magnolia. Pronunciation: mag-NO-lee-uh x soo-lan-jee-AY-nuh Common name(s): Saucer Magnolia DESCRIPTION Family: Magnoliaceae USDA hardiness zones: 5 through 9A (Fig. 2) Height: 20 to 25 feet Origin: not native to North America Spread: 20 to 30 feet Uses: container or above-ground planter; espalier; Crown uniformity: irregular outline or silhouette near a deck or patio; shade tree; specimen; no proven Crown shape: round; upright urban tolerance Crown density: open Availability: generally available in many areas within Growth rate: medium its hardiness range 1. -
Color Harmony: Experimental and Computational Modeling
Color harmony : experimental and computational modeling Christel Chamaret To cite this version: Christel Chamaret. Color harmony : experimental and computational modeling. Image Processing [eess.IV]. Université Rennes 1, 2016. English. NNT : 2016REN1S015. tel-01382750 HAL Id: tel-01382750 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01382750 Submitted on 17 Oct 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ANNEE´ 2016 THESE` / UNIVERSITE´ DE RENNES 1 sous le sceau de l'Universit´eBretagne Loire pour le grade de DOCTEUR DE L'UNIVERSITE´ DE RENNES 1 Mention : Informatique Ecole doctorale Matisse pr´esent´eepar Christel Chamaret pr´epar´ee`al'IRISA (Institut de recherches en informatique et syst`emesal´eatoires) et Technicolor Th`esesoutenue `aRennes Color Harmony: le 28 Avril 2016 experimental and devant le jury compos´ede : Pr Alain Tr´emeau Professeur, Universit´ede Saint-Etienne / rapporteur computational Dr Vincent Courboulay Ma^ıtre de conf´erences HDR, Universit´e de La modeling. Rochelle / rapporteur Pr Patrick Le Callet Professeur, Universit´ede Nantes / examinateur Dr Frederic Devinck Ma^ıtrede conf´erencesHDR, Universit´ede Rennes 2 / examinateur Pr Luce Morin Professeur, INSA Rennes / examinateur Dr Olivier Le Meur Ma^ıtrede conf´erencesHDR, Universit´ede Rennes 1 / directeur de th`ese Abstract While the consumption of digital media exploded in the last decade, consequent improvements happened in the area of medical imaging, leading to a better understanding of vision mechanisms. -
The Emerald Tablet of Hermes
The Emerald Tablet of Hermes Multiple Translations The Emerald Tablet of Hermes Table of Contents The Emerald Tablet of Hermes.........................................................................................................................1 Multiple Translations...............................................................................................................................1 History of the Tablet................................................................................................................................1 Translations From Jabir ibn Hayyan.......................................................................................................2 Another Arabic Version (from the German of Ruska, translated by 'Anonymous')...............................3 Twelfth Century Latin..............................................................................................................................3 Translation from Aurelium Occultae Philosophorum..Georgio Beato...................................................4 Translation of Issac Newton c. 1680........................................................................................................5 Translation from Kriegsmann (?) alledgedly from the Phoenician........................................................6 From Sigismund Bacstrom (allegedly translated from Chaldean)..........................................................7 From Madame Blavatsky.........................................................................................................................8 -
The Classics Shapes Magnolia & Imperial
THE CLASSICS SHAPES MAGNOLIA & IMPERIAL 1001 - WHITE + Gold Line 1002 - MAGNOLIA CREAM + Gold Line 1541 - JULIA GREEN + Gold Line MAGNOLIA (1021, 1032), PERSIA (1101, 1301) VOILE (1401), JULIA (1521, 1532, 1541) IRIS (1711), WHITE WITH GOLD LINE (1001) MAGNOLIA Shape MAGNOLIA (Shape Nr. 05) MAGNOLIA CREAM with Gold Line MAGNOLIA GREY with Platinum Line (Decor Nr. 1021) (Decor Nr. 1032) PERSIA Shape MAGNOLIA (Shape Nr. 05) PERSIA with Gold Line PERSIA CLASSIC with Gold Line (Decor Nr. 1101) (Decor Nr. 1301) VOILE VOILE with Gold Line (Decor Nr. 1401) WHITE Items of Shape MAGNOLIA (Shape Nr. 05) are also available in WHITE (Decor Nr. 1000) or WHITE with Gold Line (Decor Nr. 1001). See photo on cover page. JULIA Shape MAGNOLIA (Shape Nr. 05) JULIA GREY with Platinum Line (Decor Nr. 1532) JULIA BEIGE with Gold Line JULIA GREEN with Gold Line (Decor Nr. 1521) (Decor Nr. 1541) Shape IMPERIAL (Shape Nr. 04) JULIA BEIGE with Gold Line JULIA GREEN with Gold Line (Decor Nr. 1521) (Decor Nr. 1541) JULIA GREY with Platinum Line (Decor Nr. 1532) IRIS Shape MAGNOLIA (Shape Nr. 05) Shape IMPERIAL (Shape Nr. 04) IRIS PINK with Gold Line (Decor Nr. 1711) Shape IMPERIAL (Shape Nr. 04) Shape MAGNOLIA (Shape Nr. 05) Sugar 400 ml 04-....-6640-. Cup 250 ml Cup 370 ml Tea pot Cup 150 ml Cup 220 ml Cup 250 ml Cup 370 ml saucer 15 cm saucer 17 cm 1,5 L Creamer 250 ml saucer 13 cm saucer 14,5 cm saucer 15 cm saucer 17 cm 04-....-5125-. 04-....-5137-.