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COLOR SPACE MODELS for VIDEO and CHROMA SUBSAMPLING
COLOR SPACE MODELS for VIDEO and CHROMA SUBSAMPLING Color space A color model is an abstract mathematical model describing the way colors can be represented as tuples of numbers, typically as three or four values or color components (e.g. RGB and CMYK are color models). However, a color model with no associated mapping function to an absolute color space is a more or less arbitrary color system with little connection to the requirements of any given application. Adding a certain mapping function between the color model and a certain reference color space results in a definite "footprint" within the reference color space. This "footprint" is known as a gamut, and, in combination with the color model, defines a new color space. For example, Adobe RGB and sRGB are two different absolute color spaces, both based on the RGB model. In the most generic sense of the definition above, color spaces can be defined without the use of a color model. These spaces, such as Pantone, are in effect a given set of names or numbers which are defined by the existence of a corresponding set of physical color swatches. This article focuses on the mathematical model concept. Understanding the concept Most people have heard that a wide range of colors can be created by the primary colors red, blue, and yellow, if working with paints. Those colors then define a color space. We can specify the amount of red color as the X axis, the amount of blue as the Y axis, and the amount of yellow as the Z axis, giving us a three-dimensional space, wherein every possible color has a unique position. -
Estimation of Illuminants from Projections on the Planckian Locus Baptiste Mazin, Julie Delon, Yann Gousseau
Estimation of Illuminants From Projections on the Planckian Locus Baptiste Mazin, Julie Delon, Yann Gousseau To cite this version: Baptiste Mazin, Julie Delon, Yann Gousseau. Estimation of Illuminants From Projections on the Planckian Locus. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2015, 24 (6), pp. 1944 - 1955. 10.1109/TIP.2015.2405414. hal-00915853v3 HAL Id: hal-00915853 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00915853v3 Submitted on 9 Oct 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Estimation of Illuminants From Projections on the Planckian Locus Baptiste Mazin, Julie Delon and Yann Gousseau Abstract—This paper introduces a new approach for the have been proposed, restraining the hypothesis to well chosen automatic estimation of illuminants in a digital color image. surfaces of the scene, that are assumed to be grey [41]. Let The method relies on two assumptions. First, the image is us mention the work [54], which makes use of an invariant supposed to contain at least a small set of achromatic pixels. The second assumption is physical and concerns the set of color coordinate [20] that depends only on surface reflectance possible illuminants, assumed to be well approximated by black and not on the scene illuminant. -
Colour and Colorimetry Multidisciplinary Contributions
Colour and Colorimetry Multidisciplinary Contributions Vol. XI B Edited by Maurizio Rossi and Daria Casciani www.gruppodelcolore.it Regular Member AIC Association Internationale de la Couleur Colour and Colorimetry. Multidisciplinary Contributions. Vol. XI B Edited by Maurizio Rossi and Daria Casciani – Dip. Design – Politecnico di Milano Layout by Daria Casciani ISBN 978-88-99513-01-6 © Copyright 2015 by Gruppo del Colore – Associazione Italiana Colore Via Boscovich, 31 20124 Milano C.F. 97619430156 P.IVA: 09003610962 www.gruppodelcolore.it e-mail: [email protected] Translation rights, electronic storage, reproduction and total or partial adaptation with any means reserved for all countries. Printed in the month of October 2015 Colour and Colorimetry. Multidisciplinary Contributions Vol. XI B Proceedings of the 11th Conferenza del Colore. GdC-Associazione Italiana Colore Centre Français de la Couleur Groupe Français de l'Imagerie Numérique Couleur Colour Group (GB) Politecnico di Milano Milan, Italy, 10-11 September 2015 Organizing Committee Program Committee Arturo Dell'Acqua Bellavitis Giulio Bertagna Silvia Piardi Osvaldo Da Pos Maurizio Rossi Veronica Marchiafava Michela Rossi Giampiero Mele Michele Russo Christine de Fernandez-Maloigne Laurence Pauliac Katia Ripamonti Organizing Secretariat Veronica Marchiafava – GdC-Associazione Italiana Colore Michele Russo – Politecnico di Milano Scientific committee – Peer review Fabrizio Apollonio | Università di Bologna, Italy Gabriel Marcu | Apple, USA John Barbur | City University London, UK Anna Marotta | Politecnico di Torino Italy Cristiana Bedoni | Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Italy Berta Martini | Università di Urbino, Italy Giordano Beretta | HP, USA Stefano Mastandrea | Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Berit Bergstrom | NCS Colour AB, SE Italy Giulio Bertagna | B&B Colordesign, Italy Louisa C. -
Contribution of Colour in Guiding Visual Attention and in a Computational Model of Visual Saliency Shahrbanoo Talebzadeh Shahrbabaki
Contribution of colour in guiding visual attention and in a computational model of visual saliency Shahrbanoo Talebzadeh Shahrbabaki To cite this version: Shahrbanoo Talebzadeh Shahrbabaki. Contribution of colour in guiding visual attention and in a computational model of visual saliency. Signal and Image processing. Université Grenoble Alpes, 2015. English. NNT : 2015GREAT093. tel-01241487 HAL Id: tel-01241487 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01241487 Submitted on 10 Dec 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ GRENOBLE ALPES THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ GRENOBLE ALPES Spécialité : Signal and Image Processing Arrêté ministériel : 7 août 2006 Présentée par Shahrbanoo Talebzadeh Shahrbabaki Thèse dirigée par Dominique Houzet préparée au sein du GIPSA-lab et de l’École Doctorale Electronique, Electrotechnique, Automatique & Traitement du Signal Contribution of colour in guiding visual attention and in a computa- tional model of visual saliency Thèse soutenue publiquement le 16 Octobre, 2015 devant le jury composé de: Mr. Alain Tremeau Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France, Président Mme. Christine Fernandez-Maloigne Université de Poitiers, France, Rapporteur M. Vincent Courboulay Université de La Rochelle, France, Rapporteur M. -
The Influence of Motion Quality on Responses Towards Video Playback Stimuli Emma Ware1,2,3,*, Daniel R
© 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Biology Open (2015) 00, 1-9 doi:10.1242/bio.011270 RESEARCH ARTICLE The influence of motion quality on responses towards video playback stimuli Emma Ware1,2,3,*, Daniel R. Saunders1,4 and Nikolaus F. Troje1,2,5,6 ABSTRACT morphological cues alone (Bird and Emery, 2008; Byers et al., Visual motion, a critical cue in communication, can be manipulated and 2010; Shimizu, 1998). The pigeon (Columbia livia) is a case in point: studied using video playback methods. A primary concern for the video pigeons interact with a rich repertoire of visual signals, each adapted to playback researcher is the degree to which objects presented on video incite action in others (Dittrich et al., 1998; Frost et al., 1998; Jitsumori appear natural to the non-human subject. Here we argue that the et al., 1999; Shimizu, 1998). It has previously been shown that male quality of motion cues on video, as determined by the video’s image pigeons will respond with courtship behaviour towards video images presentation rate (IPR), are of particular importance in determining a of females much more vigorously when these images are presented in subject’s social response behaviour. We present an experiment testing motion rather than still (Shimizu, 1998). Pigeons can discriminate the effect of variations in IPR on pigeon (Columbia livia) response between individual conspecifics when their images are presented in behaviour towards video images of courting opposite sex partners. motion, but not when they are shown still (Jitsumori et al., 1999). Male and female pigeons were presented with three video playback Further, pigeons can discriminate conspecific actions (such as pecking ‘ ’ stimuli, each containing a different social partner. -
Using an LED As a Sensor and Visible Light Communication Device in a Smart Illumination System
André Filipe Rato Bispo Licenciado em Ciências da Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores Using an LED as a Sensor and Visible Light Communication Device in a Smart Illumination System Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores Orientador: João Pedro Abreu de Oliveira, Professor Doutor, FCT-UNL Júri: Presidente: Prof. Doutor Luís Augusto Bica Gomes de Oliveira, FCT-UNL Arguente: Prof. Doutor Carlos Manuel Ferreira Carvalho, ISEL Vogal: Prof. Doutor João Pedro Abreu de Oliveira, FCT-UNL MARÇO, 2015 Using an LED as a Sensor and Visible Light Communication De- vice in a Smart Illumination System Copyright c André Filipe Rato Bispo, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Uni- versidade Nova de Lisboa A Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia e a Universidade Nova de Lisboa têm o direito, perpétuo e sem limites geográficos, de arquivar e publicar esta dissertação através de exemplares impressos reproduzidos em papel ou de forma digital, ou por qualquer outro meio conhecido ou que venha a ser inventado, e de a divulgar através de repositórios científicos e de admitir a sua cópia e distribuição com objectivos educacionais ou de investigação, não comerciais, desde que seja dado crédito ao autor e editor. Ao Vicente. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank Professor João Pedro Oliveira for his support, patience, and words of encouragement when things went haywire. Also I cannot ignore all the people, from professors to faculty staff, who took part in this journey of mine. Thank you all. I would also like to thank my dear colleagues, especially Filipe Quendera, Ricardo Madeira, Miguel Curvelo, and Daniel Batista who put up with me over this last stressful year. -
Critical Fusion Frequency for Bright and Wide Field-Of-View Image Display Masaki Emoto and Masayuki Sugawara
424 JOURNAL OF DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 8, NO. 7, JULY 2012 Critical Fusion Frequency for Bright and Wide Field-of-View Image Display Masaki Emoto and Masayuki Sugawara Abstract—The use of bright and wide field-of-view (FOV) dis- and SECAM (SEquentiel Couleur A Mémoire)—have frame plays in future TV systems will enable us to enjoy TV programs frequencies sufficiently high for viewers not to perceive flicker with a rich sense of presence, i.e., a sense of “being there.” How- under certain viewing conditions, including when the FOV ever, such displays can strongly stimulate human peripheral vision, image display is fairly dark and narrow. Use of a high frame which is sensitive to flicker. The recent widespread adoption of hold-type displays such as liquid crystal displays might circumvent frequency can eliminate flicker perception, but economical use the flicker problem in current TV systems. For temporal specifica- of bandwidth for recording and transmission must be consid- tion of future TV systems with bright and wide FOV displays, we ered simultaneously. The relationship between frame frequency measured the critical fusion frequency (CFF) in 26 participants, and bandwidth is therefore a trade-off. It is desirable to decide using varying luminance, duty ratios, and FOVs. We showed that on the lowest frame frequency at which flicker perception can CFF depended on the duty ratio and the FOV, and that more than 90 Hz was required to avoid flicker perception with wide FOV dis- be eliminated. To make this decision, the characteristics of plays. Moreover, we demonstrated that flicker was regularly per- human flicker perception—and the flicker threshold—need ceived in viewing wide FOV natural images presented at 60 Hz with to be elucidated under the conditions that will be used in the a 50% duty ratio. -
A Novel RGBW Pixel for LED Displays
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-2008 A novel RGBW pixel for LED displays Neveen Shlayan University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Shlayan, Neveen, "A novel RGBW pixel for LED displays" (2008). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 2431. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/hs8n-296m This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A NOVEL RGBW PIXEL FOR LED DISPLAYS by Neveen Shlayan Bachelor of Science University of Nevada, Las Vegas 2006 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Howard R. Hughes College of Engineering Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas December 2008 UMI Number: 1463534 Copyright 2009 by Shlayan, Neveen All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. -
Optical Camera Communications: Principles, Modulations, Potential and Challenges
electronics Review Optical Camera Communications: Principles, Modulations, Potential and Challenges Willy Anugrah Cahyadi 1 , Yeon Ho Chung 2,* , Zabih Ghassemlooy 3 and Navid Bani Hassan 3 1 School of Electrical Engineering (SEE) and The Center for Advanced Intelligent Communications (AICOMS), Telkom University, Bandung 40257, Indonesia; [email protected] 2 Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea 3 Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering Department, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; [email protected] (Z.G.); [email protected] (N.B.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 20 July 2020; Accepted: 17 August 2020; Published: 19 August 2020 Abstract: Optical wireless communications (OWC) are emerging as cost-effective and practical solutions to the congested radio frequency-based wireless technologies. As part of OWC, optical camera communications (OCC) have become very attractive, considering recent developments in cameras and the use of fitted cameras in smart devices. OCC together with visible light communications (VLC) is considered within the framework of the IEEE 802.15.7m standardization. OCCs based on both organic and inorganic light sources as well as cameras are being considered for low-rate transmissions and localization in indoor as well as outdoor short-range applications and within the framework of the IEEE 802.15.7m standardization together with VLC. This paper introduces the underlying principles of OCC and gives a comprehensive overview of this emerging technology with recent standardization activities in OCC. It also outlines the key technical issues such as mobility, coverage, interference, performance enhancement, etc. Future research directions and open issues are also presented. -
Image and Video Compression Coding Theory Contents
Image and Video Compression Coding Theory Contents 1 JPEG 1 1.1 The JPEG standard .......................................... 1 1.2 Typical usage ............................................. 1 1.3 JPEG compression ........................................... 2 1.3.1 Lossless editing ........................................ 2 1.4 JPEG files ............................................... 3 1.4.1 JPEG filename extensions ................................... 3 1.4.2 Color profile .......................................... 3 1.5 Syntax and structure .......................................... 3 1.6 JPEG codec example ......................................... 4 1.6.1 Encoding ........................................... 4 1.6.2 Compression ratio and artifacts ................................ 8 1.6.3 Decoding ........................................... 10 1.6.4 Required precision ...................................... 11 1.7 Effects of JPEG compression ..................................... 11 1.7.1 Sample photographs ...................................... 11 1.8 Lossless further compression ..................................... 11 1.9 Derived formats for stereoscopic 3D ................................. 12 1.9.1 JPEG Stereoscopic ...................................... 12 1.9.2 JPEG Multi-Picture Format .................................. 12 1.10 Patent issues .............................................. 12 1.11 Implementations ............................................ 13 1.12 See also ................................................ 13 1.13 References -
Book III Color
D DD DDD DDDDon.com DDDD Basic Photography in 180 Days Book III - Color Editor: Ramon F. aeroramon.com Contents 1 Day 1 1 1.1 Theory of Colours ........................................... 1 1.1.1 Historical background .................................... 1 1.1.2 Goethe’s theory ........................................ 2 1.1.3 Goethe’s colour wheel .................................... 6 1.1.4 Newton and Goethe ..................................... 9 1.1.5 History and influence ..................................... 10 1.1.6 Quotations .......................................... 13 1.1.7 See also ............................................ 13 1.1.8 Notes and references ..................................... 13 1.1.9 Bibliography ......................................... 16 1.1.10 External links ......................................... 16 2 Day 2 18 2.1 Color ................................................. 18 2.1.1 Physics of color ....................................... 20 2.1.2 Perception .......................................... 22 2.1.3 Associations ......................................... 26 2.1.4 Spectral colors and color reproduction ............................ 26 2.1.5 Additive coloring ....................................... 28 2.1.6 Subtractive coloring ..................................... 28 2.1.7 Structural color ........................................ 29 2.1.8 Mentions of color in social media .............................. 30 2.1.9 Additional terms ....................................... 30 2.1.10 See also ........................................... -
Modelling Visibility of Temporal Light Artefacts
Modelling visibility of temporal light artefacts Citation for published version (APA): Perz, M. (2019). Modelling visibility of temporal light artefacts. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. Document status and date: Published: 05/02/2019 Document Version: Publisher’s PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement: www.tue.nl/taverne Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at: [email protected] providing details and we will investigate your claim.