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Volume 25, Number 3, 2018 ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ، ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ٣، ٢٠١٨ P, L I: R O M Ahmad Najib Burhani اﻟﻄﻘﻮس وﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻬﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﻲ C M C D أوﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻓﻮاس ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻤﺎﻧﺘﺎن اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ C I: E PITI E J ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ Choirul Mahfud ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻓﻴﻼﻧﺘﺮوﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺪوﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ: T F R C: ,R N, A I ﻣﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺳﻮرة اﻟﻤﺎﻋﻮن D C ﻟﻜﻴﺎﻫﻲ اﻟﺤﺎج ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺤﻠﻴﻢ (١٨٨٧-١٩٦٢) Imtiyaz Yusuf ﺟﺎﺟﺎﻧﺞ ﺃ. ﺭﲪﺎﻧﺎ E-ISSN: 2355-6145 STUDIA ISLAMIKA STUDIA ISLAMIKA Indonesian Journal for Islamic Studies Vol. 25, no. 3, 2018 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Azyumardi Azra MANAGING EDITOR Oman Fathurahman EDITORS Saiful Mujani Jamhari Didin Syafruddin Jajat Burhanudin Fuad Jabali Ali Munhanif Saiful Umam Ismatu Ropi Dadi Darmadi Jajang Jahroni Din Wahid Euis Nurlaelawati INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD M. Quraish Shihab (Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta, INDONESIA) M.C. Ricklefs (Australian National University, AUSTRALIA) Martin van Bruinessen (Utrecht University, NETHERLANDS) John R. Bowen (Washington University, USA) M. Kamal Hasan (International Islamic University, MALAYSIA) Virginia M. Hooker (Australian National University, AUSTRALIA) Edwin P. Wieringa (Universität zu Köln, GERMANY) Robert W. Hefner (Boston University, USA) Rémy Madinier (Centre national de la recherche scientique (CNRS), FRANCE) R. Michael Feener (National University of Singapore, SINGAPORE) Michael F. Laffan (Princeton University, USA) Minako Sakai (e University of New South Wales, AUSTRALIA) Annabel Teh Gallop (e British Library, UK) Syafaatun Almirzanah (Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University of Yogyakarta, INDONESIA) ASSISTANT TO THE EDITORS Testriono Muhammad Nida' Fadlan Abdullah Maulani ENGLISH LANGUAGE ADVISOR Benjamin J. Freeman Daniel Peterson Batool Moussa ARABIC LANGUAGE ADVISOR Ahmadi Usman COVER DESIGNER S. Prinka STUDIA ISLAMIKA (ISSN 0215-0492; E-ISSN: 2355-6145) is an international journal published by the Center for the Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta, INDONESIA. It specializes in Indonesian Islamic studies in particular, and Southeast Asian Islamic studies in general, and is intended to communicate original researches and current issues on the subject. is journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. All submitted papers are subject to double-blind review process. STUDIA ISLAMIKA has been accredited by e Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia as an academic journal (Decree No. 32a/E/KPT/2017). STUDIA ISLAMIKA has become a CrossRef Member since year 2014. erefore, all articles published by STUDIA ISLAMIKA will have unique Digital Object Identier (DOI) number. STUDIA ISLAMIKA is indexed in Scopus since 30 May 2015. Editorial Office: STUDIA ISLAMIKA, Gedung Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Masyarakat (PPIM) UIN Jakarta, Jl. Kertamukti No. 5, Pisangan Barat, Cirendeu, Ciputat 15419, Jakarta, Indonesia. Phone: (62-21) 7423543, 7499272, Fax: (62-21) 7408633; E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/studia-islamika Annual subscription rates from outside Indonesia, institution: US$ 75,00 and the cost of a single copy is US$ 25,00; individual: US$ 50,00 and the cost of a single copy is US$ 20,00. Rates do not include international postage and handling. Please make all payment through bank transfer to: PPIM, Bank Mandiri KCP Tangerang Graha Karnos, Indonesia, account No. 101-00-0514550-1 (USD), Swift Code: bmriidja Harga berlangganan di Indonesia untuk satu tahun, lembaga: Rp. 150.000,-, harga satu edisi Rp. 50.000,-; individu: Rp. 100.000,-, harga satu edisi Rp. 40.000,-. Harga belum termasuk ongkos kirim. Pembayaran melalui PPIM, Bank Mandiri KCP Tangerang Graha Karnos, No. Rek: 128-00-0105080-3 Table of Contents Articles 433 Ahmad Najib Burhani Pluralism, Liberalism and Islamism: Religious Outlook of Muhammadiyah 471 Choirul Mahfud Chinese Muslim Community Development in Contemporary Indonesia: Experiences of PITI in East Java 503 Imtiyaz Yusuf ree Faces of the Rohingya Crisis: Religious Nationalism, Asian Islamophobia, and Delegitimizing Citizenship 543 Ibrahim Al-Ṭuqūs wa ‘alāqatuhā bi huwīyat muslimī Ulu Kapuas, Kalimantan al-Gharbīyah 589 Jajang A. Rohmana Tafsīr lantropīyat al-Qur’ān al-Karīm fī Indonesia: Musāhamat Tafsīr Sūrat al-Mā‘ūn li Kiai al-Ḥāj ‘Abd al-Ḥalīm (1887-1962) Book Review 639 Azyumardi Azra Kesalehan dan Politik: Islam Indonesia Document 651 Rangga Eka Saputra Life of Muslims in Germany, and Its Contextualisation to Indonesian Islam Ahmad Najib Burhani Pluralism, Liberalism and Islamism: Religious Outlook of Muhammadiyah Abstract: Muhammadiyah has been perceived as an example of a successful blend between Islam and modernity. By adopting modern spirit of discipline, equality, and a hard work ethics, this organization has become a vibrant and independent movement. e number of Muhammadiyah educational and health institutions is only surpassed by those owned by the Indonesian government. Muhammadiyah has 177 universities; thousands of secondary, middle, and elementary schools, as well as hundreds of hospitals and other health institutions. However, the organization’s successes in social, educational, and economic do not necessarily indicate that it also embraces pluralistic values and religious tolerance. is paper, therefore, intends to describe Muhammadiyah’s position in the context of pluralism, liberalism, and Islamism. It argues that although Muhammadiyah is predominated by members with moderate religious inclinations, but a signicant number of them are exclusively puritan in their theology. e organization’s focus on social services is the reason why Muhammadiyah has evaded Islamist tendencies. Keywords: Puritanism, Liberalism, Islamism, Muhammadiyah, Pragmatism, Religious Exclusivism. 433 Studia Islamika, Vol. 25, No. 3, 2018 DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v25i3.7765 434 Ahmad Najib Burhani Abstrak: Muhammadiyah kerap dipandang sebagai contoh sukses dari perpaduan antara Islam dan kemodernan. Dengan mengadopsi semangat disiplin, kesejajaran, dan kerja keras, Muhammadiyah telah menjadi organisasi yang kaya dan mandiri. Secara kuantitatif, institusi pendidikan dan kesehatan yang dimiliki oleh Muhammadiyah hanya diungguli jumlahnya oleh institusi yang dimiliki oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Muhammadiyah memiliki 177 perguruan tinggi; ribuan sekolah tingkat atas, tingkat menengah, dan tingkat dasar; serta ratusan rumah sakit dan balai kesehatan. Namun demikian, kesuksesan dalam bidang pendidikan, kesehatan dan ekononomi tentu saja tak mengindikasikan bahwa bahwa organisasi itu juga memegang nilai pluralisme dan toleransi keagamaan. Karena itu, artikel ini ingin mendeskripsikan posisi Muhammadiyah dalam kaitannya dengan pluralisme, liberalisme, dan Islamisme. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa meski Muhammadiyah didominasi oleh anggota yang memiliki keberagamaan yang moderat, namun sejumlah warganya memiliki cenderung eksklusif atau puritan dalam hal teologi. Kesibukan Muhammadiyah dalam memberikan pelayanan sosial menjadi faktor yang berhasil menetralisir organisasi ini dari keterjebakan dalam Islamisme. Kata kunci: Puritanisme, Liberalism, Islamisme, Muhammadiyah, Pragmatisme, Keberagamaan, Eksklusivisme. ﻣﻠﺨﺺ: ﺍﻋﺘﱪﺕ ﺍﳌﺤﻤﺪﻳﺔ ﳕﻮﺫﺟﺎ ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺰﺝ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﺍﺛﺔ. ﻓﻤﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺒﲏ ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﻀﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﻭﺍﳉﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ، ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺍﳌﺤﻤﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻏﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ. ﻓﻤﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻤﺪﻳﺔ، ﻓﻼ ﺗﺘﻔﻮﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺔ. ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺤﻤﺪﻳﺔ ﲤﻠﻚ ١٧٧ ﻣﻌﻬﺪﺍ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻭﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ، ﻭﺁﻻﻓﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ، ﻭﻣﺌﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ. ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍ ﰲ ﲤﺴﻚ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺑﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﲏ. ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ، ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻮﺻﻒ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﳌﺤﻤﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﱪﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻮﻳﺔ. ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺪﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺤﻤﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻴﻤﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﳝﻴﻠﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺪﻝ، ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺪﺩﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﳝﻠﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻴﻮﻻ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺰﻣﺘﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﻫﻴﺎﺕ. ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻧﺸﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺤﻤﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﻼ ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺎ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﰲ ﻓﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻮﻳﺔ. اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ: ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻣﺖ، ﺍﻟﻠﻴﱪﺍﻟﻴﺔ، ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻮﻳﺔ، ﺍﳌﺤﻤﺪﻳﺔ، ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻏﻤﺎﺗﻴﺔ، ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻉ، ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﺩ. DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v25i3.7765 Studia Islamika, Vol. 25, No. 3, 2018 Pluralism, Liberalism and Islamism 435 ince the downfall of Suharto (often spelled Soeharto), the second Indonesian president, in 1998, Muhammadiyah has often been Sperceived as having a more conservative bent. Muhammadiyah is also often said to be inuenced by Wahhabist doctrines, and the organization has even been called Indonesian Wahhabism (Gillespie 2007; Schwartz 2005).1 After the election of Din Syamsuddin as Muhammadiyah’s president and the ousting of a few liberal-minded leading gures in the 45th Congress in Malang in 2005, several analysts and journalists (Baidhawy 2006; Diani 2006; Mulyadi 2005; Pradana 2007a, 2007b) have asserted that Muhammadiyah was in the process of shifting from a moderate to a conservative religious stance. However, two years after Din Syamsuddin’s election, Muhammadiyah appeared to be revising its conservative outlook. e rift between Muhammadiyah and the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), generally seen as a moderate Islamist party, is commonly cited as a signal of this trend. Previously, Muhammadiyah had a close relationship with the PKS, particularly during and after the 1999 and 2004 elections (Sulistiyanto 2006). However, several events ruptured this relationship, including certain Muhammadiyah members’ disagreement of the decision of Majelis Tarjih (the Council of Islamic Law) about Eid al-Adha, an Islamic festival
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    BAB I PENDAHULUAN POLITIK PERDA SYARIAT Dialektika Islam dan Pancasila di Indonesia Ma’mun Murod Al-Barbasy i POLITIK PERDA SYARIAT MA’MUN MUROD AL-BARBASY ii BAB I PENDAHULUAN POLITIK PERDA SYARIAT Dialektika Islam dan Pancasila di Indonesia Ma’mun Murod Al-Barbasy Kata Pengantar Prof. Dr. Din Syamsuddin, MA. iii POLITIK PERDA SYARIAT MA’MUN MUROD AL-BARBASY POLITIK PERDA SYARIAT Dialektika Islam dan Pancasila di Indonesia Penulis : Ma’mun Murod Al-Barbasy Penyunting : Ahmad Mu'arif, S. Ag., MA. Pemeriksa aksara : Mumsika Desain sampul : Amin Mubarok Tataletak isi : Dwi Agus M Diterbitkan pertama kali oleh: Penerbit Suara Muhammadiyah Jl. KHA Dahlan No. 43, Yogyakarta 55122 Telp. : (0274) 376955, Fax. (0274) 411306 SMS/WA : 0812 1738 0308 Facebook : Penerbit Suara Muhammadiyah E-mail : [email protected] (Redaksi) [email protected] (Admin) Homepage : www.suaramuhammadiyah.id Cetakan I : Desember 2017 Hak cipta edisi bahasa Indonesia © Penherbit Suara Muhammadiyah, 2017 Hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang ISBN: 000-000-0000-00-0 iv PENGANTAR PENULIS KATA PENGANTAR BUKU berjudul “Politik Perda Syariat: Dialektika Islam dan Pancasila di Indonesia” yang ada di tangan pembaca ini pada mu­ lanya merupakan karya Disertasi dengan judul: “Islam dan Negara: Studi Kasus Perumusan, Perdebatan, dan Kontroversi serta Peran Politik Muhammadiyah dan NU dalam Proses Pembuatan Perda 12 Tahun 2009 Kota Tasikmalaya.” Karena isinya dirasa penting untuk dipublikasikan, maka saya merasa perlu untuk menerbitkannya dalam bentuk buku, tentu setelah membuang beberapa isi Disertasi yang dirasa tidak perlu untuk terbitan sebuah buku. Buku ini mengangkat tema besar tentang Perda Syariat dan juga peran Muhammadiyah dan NU dalam proses pembuatan Perda Sya riat.
  • Building Moderate Muslim Networks

    Building Moderate Muslim Networks

    THE ARTS This PDF document was made available CHILD POLICY from www.rand.org as a public service of CIVIL JUSTICE the RAND Corporation. EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit NATIONAL SECURITY research organization providing POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY objective analysis and effective SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY solutions that address the challenges SUBSTANCE ABUSE facing the public and private sectors TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY around the world. TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Support RAND Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Center for Middle East Public Policy View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non- commercial use only. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. Building Moderate Muslim Networks Angel Rabasa Cheryl Benard Lowell H. Schwartz Peter Sickle Sponsored by the Smith Richardson Foundation CENTER FOR MIDDLE EAST PUBLIC POLICY The research described in this report was sponsored by the Smith Richardson Foundation and was conducted under the auspices of the RAND Center for Middle East Public Policy.
  • Islamism, and the Ideological Questioning of the Pancasila

    Islamism, and the Ideological Questioning of the Pancasila

    This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Islamism, and the ideological questioning of the pancasila Mahfuh Haji Halimi 2018 Mahfuh Haji Halimi. (2018). Islamism, and the ideological questioning of the pancasila. Doctoral thesis, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. http://hdl.handle.net/10356/73211 https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/73211 Downloaded on 02 Oct 2021 22:26:49 SGT ISLAMISM, AND THE IDEOLOGICAL QUESTIONING OF THE PANCASILA MAHFUH BIN HAJI HALIMI S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies Thesis submitted to the Nanyang Technological University in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Strategic Studies) 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank all those who have provided me with invaluable support and assistance throughout my research for this thesis. I am particularly grateful to my supervisors: Amb Barry Desker, Prof Joseph Liow, and Prof Rohan Gunaratna for their support and advice. Also to Prof Martin van Bruinessen for his invaluable comments and suggestions. I am indebted to Assoc Prof Bilveer Singh for introducing me to many people in Jakarta and Yogyakarta who were of great assistance to my research. Special thanks go to General (Retired) Prof Dr A.M. Hendropriyono, Inspector General (Retired) Drs Ansyaad Mbai, Police-General Dr M. Tito Karnavian, Major General Agus Surya Bakti, KH Dr As’ad Said Ali, Amb Harry Purwanto, Prof Abdul Munir Mulkhan, Prof Sugeng, Prof Noorhaidi Hasan, Prof Zuly Qodir, Prof Hilman Latief, Prof Sidik Jatmika, Prof Khamami Zada, Prof Irfan Idris, Prof Robi, Drs Solahudin and Sidney Jones.
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    Eliraz:Layout 1

    Center on Islam, Democracy, and the Future of the Muslim World Islam and Polity in Indonesia: An Intriguing Case Study GIORA ELIRAZ Research Monographs on the Muslim World Series No 1, Paper No 5 February 2007 The views, opinions, and/ or findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of Defense pos ition, policy, or decision. HUDSON INSTITUTE Islam and Polity in Indonesia: An Intriguing Case Study GIORA ELIRAZ Center on Islam, Democracy, and the Future of the Muslim World © 2007 by Hudson Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. HUDSON INSTITUTE 1015 15th Street, NW Sixth Floor, Washington, DC 20005 202-974-2400 www.hudson.org Islam and Polity in Indonesia: An Intriguing Case Study GIORA ELIRAZ hough it has the fourth-largest population in the world, the huge archi- pelago of Indon esia remains almost unknown to most that live outside T the region. In other words, “to most people, Indonesia is a cipher, by far the least-known of the world’s great nations.”1 Furthermore, though it is home for about 200 million Muslims, the fascinating Islamic mosaic of Indonesia still seems to be regarded by many as peripheral to the Islamic world. (In the wake of September 11 and the Bali bomb- ly significant changes in its political institutions. Over ings of 12 October 2002, Islam in Indonesia has the past few years, a democratic trans for mation is ostensibly gained more attention in the West. But making this country—home to the largest Muslim this attention has mostly led to an increase in new community on the planet—into the third largest observers.
  • 3 Enforcing Religious Freedom in Indonesia

    3 Enforcing Religious Freedom in Indonesia

    3 Enforcing Religious Freedom in Indonesia Muslim Elites and the Ahmadiyah Controversy after the 2011 Cikeusik Clash Bastiaan Scherpen 1 Introduction The Ahmadiyah controversy in Indonesia took a deadly turn for the worse in February 2011 when an angry mob clashed with followers of the sect in a remote village in Banten province, brutally killing three men in the process. As graphic footage of the Cikeusik mob attack circulated on YouTube, Islam-based organisations and parties were forced to take a stand. In this chapter, the aftermath of this attack will be used as a case study to examine the attitudes and behaviour of mainstream Islamic organisations and Islam-based political parties. Based largely on personal interviews and an examination of statements in various media and in the House of People’s Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat/dpr), this contribution shows that there is considerable divergence between proposals by politicians and those by civil society groups associated with their parties about how to deal with a sect almost unanimously seen as deviant in Indonesia. It is shown that while major civil society groups like Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah seem to advocate pragmatic solutions, Islamic idealism often prevails in the political arena. 2 Muslims, Minorities and Democracy¹ While the sprawling Indonesian archipelago is often said to be a vanguard of ‘pluralist’ or ‘moderate’ Islam – as opposed to more ‘radical’ Islamic ideas and practices said to be prevailing in Middle Eastern countries – Besides the people who kindly freed up some of their valuable time for an interview with me (and who are mentioned throughout this paper), I would like to thank the following people for their feedback, advice and help in contacting sources: Martin van Bruinessen, Kees van Dijk, Ridho al-Hamdi, Ahmad-Norma Permata, Nico J.G.
  • The Changing Paradigm of Indonesian Jihadist

    The Changing Paradigm of Indonesian Jihadist

    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN ISLAM THE CHANGING PARADIGM OF INDONESIAN JIHADIST MOVEMENTS From al-`Aduww al-Qarib> to al-`Aduww al-Ba`id> Syaifudin Zuhri UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta - Indonesia Abstract: Like in any other Muslim countries, an analysis of Islamic space in Indonesia cannot ignore the jihadist movements that took shape there. Since the reformation era, Indonesians have witnessed a number of bloody tragedies, ranging from religious conflicts in Ambon, attacks to the Western embassies offices, to the deadliest suicide bombings in Bali. All aforementioned attacks entails that a terrorist group operating in Southeast Asia called Jama’ah Islamiyyah does exist. The article deals with the historical account of the transformation of Indonesian jihadist movements. It will discuss, first, the intellectual roots of the emergence of transnational jihadist movements and, second, the Indonesian’ links to the trend as Jamaah Islamiyyah has demonstrated. The “near enemy” (al-‘aduww al-qarīb) and the “far enemy” (al-‘aduww al-ba‘īd) developed by Greges are key notions quoted as analytical tools to deal with diverse acts of jihadist movement in responde to the local and global parties perceived as anti-Islam. Keywords: Jihadist movement, Jama’ah Islamiyyah, transnational jihadist networks. Introduction Since the collapse of Suharto’s New Order (1966-1998) and along with the political democratisation of the country, Indonesians have witnessed a number of bloody attacks, suicide bombings, and terrorism. It leads to the condemnation and accusation, including from that of the former prime minister of Singapore who maintained that Indonesia is “a nest for terrorists”.