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Samuel D Giere Phd Thesis View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository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’S COLLEGE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS ABSTRACT ABSTRACT This thesis is an unconventional history of the interpretation of Day One, Genesis 1.1-5, in Hebrew and Greek texts up to c. 200 CE. Using the concept of ‘intertextuality’ as developed by Kristeva, Derrida, and others, the method for this historical exploration looks at the dynamic interteconnectedness of texts. The results reach beyond deliberate exegetical and eisegetical interpretations of Day One to include intertextual, and therefore not necessarily deliberate, connections between texts. The purpose of the study is to gain a glimpse into the textual possibilities available to the ancient reader / interpreter. Central to the method employed is the identification of the intertexts of Day One. This is achieved, at least in part, by identifying and tracing flags that may draw the reader from one text to another. In this study these flags are called ‘intertextual markers’ and may be individual words, word-pairs, or small phrases that occur relatively infrequently within the corpus of texts being examined. The thesis first explores the intertextuality of Genesis 1.1-5 in the confines of the Hebrew Bible and the Septuagint. The second half of the thesis identifies and explores the intertexts of Day One in other Hebrew texts (e.g. the Dead Sea Scrolls, Sirach) and other Greek texts (e.g. Philo, the New Testament) up to c. 200 CE. The thesis concludes with a summation of some of the more prominent and surprising threads in this intertextual ‘tapestry’ of Day One. These summary threads include observations within the texts in a given language and a comparative look at the role of language in the intertextual history of Day One. – i – For Amy LuAnn, Isaac Oban, and Shonagh Josephine – iii – CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract i Declarations & Copyright ii Dedication iv Contents v Abbreviations viii Acknowledgments xi 0. Introduction 0.1. Some initial thoughts 1 0.2. Intertextuality 1 0.2.1. Intertextuality: A Broad Understanding 2 0.2.2. A Viable Intertextuality and the History of Interpretation 5 0.3. History, Tapestry, Lacunae 8 1. Genesis 1.1-5 in the Texts of the Hebrew Bible 1.1. Introduction 11 1.1.1. Considering Commonality: Criteria for Establishing Intertextuality 11 1.2. A Look at MT Gen 1.1-5 12 1.2.1. MT Gen 1.1 14 1.2.2. MT Gen 1.2 15 1.2.3. MT Gen 1.3 18 1.2.4. MT Gen 1.4 18 1.2.5. MT Gen 1.5 19 1.2.6. A Note on the Stability of the Hebrew Text of Gen 1.1-5 19 1.3. Creation Intertexts of MT Gen 1.1-5 19 1.3.1. Psalm 104.1-35 21 1.3.2. Job 38.4-38 23 1.3.3. Isaiah 42.5-9 24 1.3.4. Psalm 148.1-14 25 1.3.5. Job 26.5-14 26 1.3.6. 2 Samuel 22.7-20 27 1.3.7. Psalm 18.7-20 [EV 6-19] 27 1.3.8. Isaiah 40.12-31 28 1.3.9. Amos 5.8-9 29 1.3.10. Proverbs 8.22-31 29 1.3.11. Isaiah 44.24-45.8 31 1.3.12. Psalm 136.1-9 31 1.3.13. Isaiah 45.18-19 32 1.3.14. Jeremiah 4.23-28 33 1.3.15. Psalm 33.6-9 34 1.3.16. Isaiah 51.4-16 35 1.3.17. Proverbs 30.4 35 1.3.18. Jeremiah 10.11-13 36 1.3.19. Jeremiah 51.15-16 36 1.3.20. Psalm 135.5-7 37 1.3.21. Job 3.3-10 37 1.3.22. Psalm 74.12-17 38 1.3.23. Amos 4.13 38 1.3.24. Zechariah 12.1 38 1.3.25. Amos 9.5-6 39 1.3.26. Isaiah 48.12-13 39 1.3.27. Proverbs 3.19-20 40 – iv – CONTENTS 1.3.28. Nehemiah 9.6 40 1.3.29. Job 28.12-14 40 1.4. Conclusions – The Larger Hebrew Tapestry 41 1.4.1. YHWH’s Place and/or Action 41 1.4.2. Observations on Form 43 1.4.3. Uses of MT Gen 1.1-5 Vocabulary 44 1.4.4. Creative Forces External to YHWH 45 1.4.5. Creation and Temple 47 2. Genesis 1.1-5 in Greek Equivalents of Texts in the Hebrew Bible 2.1. Introduction 49 2.1.1. “Septuagint” 49 2.1.2. Considering Commonality: Criteria for Establishing Intertextuality 52 2.2. A Look at LXX Gen 1.1-5 52 2.2.1. LXX Gen 1.1 54 2.2.2. LXX Gen 1.2 55 2.2.3. LXX Gen 1.3 57 2.2.4. LXX Gen 1.4 57 2.2.5. LXX Gen 1.5 58 2.3. Intertexts of LXX Gen 1.1-5 58 2.3.1. Psalm 103.1-35 (MT Psalm 104) 60 2.3.2. Isaiah 42.5-9 65 2.3.3. Proverbs 8.22-31 66 2.3.4. Isaiah 44.24-45.8 68 2.3.5. Isaiah 51.9-16 70 2.3.6. Psalm 148.1-14 71 2.3.7. Isaiah 40.12-26 73 2.3.8. Job 38.4-38 74 2.3.9. Psalm 17.7-18 (MT Ps 18) 79 2.3.10. 2 Kingdoms 22.7-18 81 2.3.11. Jeremiah 10.11-13 83 2.3.12. Jeremiah 28.15-16 (MT Jeremiah 15) 83 2.3.13. Amos 5.7-9 84 2.3.14. Psalm 32.6-9 (MT Psalm 33) 85 2.3.15. Psalm 73.12-17 (MT Psalm 74) 86 2.3.16. Isaiah 45.18-19 87 2.3.17. Psalm 134.5-7 (MT Psalm 135) 88 2.3.18. Exodus 20.11 89 2.3.19. Exodus 31.17 89 2.3.20. Zechariah 12.1 90 2.3.21. Amos 9.5-6 90 2.3.22. Job 3.3-10 91 2.3.23. Psalm 76.17-21 (MT Psalm 77) 92 2.3.24. Job 37.15 93 2.3.25. Job 33.4 94 2.3.26. Excursus: Job 26 – When Origen’s Asterisked Materials are Omitted 95 2.4. Conclusions: The Larger Greek Tapestry 97 2.4.1. God’s Place and/or Action 98 2.4.2. Observations on Form 100 2.4.3. Uses of LXX Gen 1.1-5 Vocabulary 100 2.4.4. Creative Forces External to God 101 2.4.5. Creation and Temple 102 3. Intertextual Afterlives of Genesis 1.1-5 in Hebrew 3.1. Introduction 103 3.2. Hebrew Afterlives 104 – v – CONTENTS 3.2.1. 1QM x.8-18 104 3.2.2. 1QHa xx.4-11 108 3.2.3. 1QHa ix.7-20 109 3.2.4. 4QWorks of God (4Q392) frag. 1 112 3.2.5. 1QS iii.13-iv.1 116 3.2.6. Ben Sira 16.16-23 (MS A) 120 3.2.7. 1QHa v.13-19 122 3.2.8. 4QJubileesa v.1-11 (4Q216 12 ii – 13) (=Jub 2.1-3) 123 3.2.9. 4QNon-Canonical Psalms B (4Q381) frag. 1 126 3.2.10. Hymn to the Creator 11QPsa (11Q5 xxvi.9-15) 128 3.2.11. 4QSongs of the Sageb (4Q511) frag. 30 133 3.2.12. 4QSapiential Hymn (4Q411) frag. 1 ii 136 3.2.13. 4QMeditation on Creation A (4Q303) frag. 1 137 3.2.14. 4QWords of the Luminariesa (4Q504) (4QDibHama) frags. 1-2 iii recto 2-10 140 3.2.15. 4QInstructionb (4Q416) frag. 1 141 3.2.16. Additional Texts 144 Ben Sira 15.14 Ben Sira 41.10 1QM xvii.4-9 3.2.17 Excursus: Intertexts in the Mishnah 147 Hullin 5.5 Berakoth 9.2 3.3. Conclusions 149 3.3.1. Re-tellings of Genesis 1.1-5 149 3.3.2. Methods of Creation 149 3.3.2.1. Stretching the Heavens 150 3.3.2.2. Creation by Boundrification 150 3.3.2.3. Creation by Word/Speech 150 3.3.2.4. Creation by Wisdom/Knowledge 151 3.3.3. Creation and Angels 151 3.3.4. The Uses of whbw wht 152 3.3.5. The Nominalization of ty#)rb 153 4. Intertextual Afterlives of Genesis 1.1-5 in Greek 4.1. Introduction 154 4.2. Jewish Texts 154 4.2.1. Philo, De Opificio Mundi 26-35 154 4.2.2. Jubilees 2.2-3 159 4.2.3.
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