1 Research, Education, Outreach September-October 1994
SPOTLIGHT ON ENVIRONMENTAL FINANCE ffiECOSTOFC_ • FOOTING THE BILL
hether flowing off the decision makers alike have turned Chesapeake's vast water their attention to a nagging question: THE ISSUE AT A GLANCE shed or falling from the how much will these efforts cost, and Wsky in rain and snow, too how will we pay for them? • THE GoAL: To reduce the many nutrients find their way into Throughout the summer and early flow of nutrients into the Chesa the Bay's rivers and mainstem. Ac autumn, a Blue Ribbon Panel, peake Bay by 400A> and to hold it cording to most researchers, these chaired by Eileen Rehrmann, County there. unwanted nutrients, mostly nitrogen Executive of Harford County, has • THE CHAllENGE: To raise and phosphorus, fuel unwanted algal struggled with this funding issue, an estimated $60-90 million a growth and loss of vital oxygen in trying to rise above the normal de year to pay for new or expanded the estuary. Because of these conse bate about raising or cutting taxes. Tributary Strategies programs to quences, nutrients - from sewage, Appointed by Maryland Governor accomplish this goal. from fertilizer, from air pollution - William Donald Schaefer, the Panel • T HE PROBLEM: How to pay have come to represent the estuary's has wrestled with charts and graphs the bill, if current taxes do not most significant systemic problem. and a pile of information about waste cover the shortfall. States in the Bay region, joined by treatment plants, stormwater runoff, the federal government, have com agricultural programs and resource mitted themselves to reducing that protection. unwanted load of nutrients by 40 Their assignment: to come up percent (based on 1985 levels) by the with creative fundmg mechanisms to year 2000. But with nutrient-reduc implement a "Tributary Strategies" tion plans taking shape for each of plan, the state (and Bay Program's) the Bay's tributaries, citizens and (Continued on page 2) Maryland ts Cleanup, cont. alxmt ru·o- J thirds ofthe way toward effort to clean up the streams and fimdfng pro- rivers that feed the Bay. grams needed The1r ta~k has not been an easy to clean up one. Estimates are that <:leaning up Chestlpeake the tributaries could cost an addi Bay tributaries. tional $60-90 million a year. According to natttral re- The Nutrient Problem sollrce experts, filllfimdfng tl'l/1 rTUlke When the problem of excess possible the nutrients was discovered, the Bay 40% reductton Mates began working to stem the tide of tzutrie1lls of phosphorus and nitrogen entering necessary to the Chesapeake, beginning with 111m tbe tide waste treatmenr planrs. for the Bay's "We know how to control most bealtb. nutrienl'i," says Cecily Majerus, Gov ernor Schaefer's coordinator for Chesapeake Bay programs "We already have programs for reducing nuuienl'i from waste treatment planl'i, for example. And the level of phosphon1s entering the Bay is already down. The biggest problem The Funding Dilemma !ems for bridges and other infrastruc is nonpoinr " ture. ":'\onpoint" is a tcm1 our forebears According to many mayors and "It's a mas ... ive problem that is not would not have known, though they planners in small communities, there in the public consciousness yet," says would have understood at least part are two m•IJOr fundmg difficulties Outen. "It's like taking care of a of the problem: runoff from land connected with nutrient reduction. cavity, before it rots your teeth." that has, for example, lost the protec The first is the drying up of federal In Baltimore County, according to tive forest cover. construction grant~ - especially for Outen, his department has adapted a "If you look at cores from the waste trt.>atment facilities - and the watershed approach, working envi Chesapeake Bay bottom," says Grace second is how to finance projects to ronmenral mandates and a special Brush, researcher at The johns stem nonpoint pollution, such as re1'itoration fund into their normal Hopkins University, "you can see stormwater runoff from urban and capital budgeting process. "Some exactly when the clearing of land suburban Iande; and the runoff of people raised their eyebrows," he began." What you see, according to fertilizer from agricultural fields. says, when these environmental Brush, is an influx of sediment, and a "People don't realize that these projects were made part of the capi change in pollen type, from oak, [nonpomt problems] are structural tal budget "But I talked to the maple and ash to crops hke tobacco problems," says Donald Outen, Ch1ef budget committee," Outen says. and com "The changes in the Bay of the Bureau of Water Quality and "They understand the need. Paying began with deforestation," Brush Resource Management 10 Baltimore for water quality is no less important says, "and then became more pro County. "These problems will be than paying for potholes." nounced with the use of fertilizer." come more expensive if we ignore Outen and others often point out But the problem of nonpoint them. This is something the locals that funds arc frequently available pollution has worsened over this last will get stung by." from Federal and other sources, if half cenn1ry with population surg Outen points to erosion and the one looks hard enough. In Balti ing in the Chesapeake region- an channelizing of stream beds, for more County, for example, they are 18 percent growth is expected in example. Though the state's Tribu taking advantage of opportunities to Maryland by 2020 - and with the tary Strategies a1m at restonng water work with the Army Corps of Engi development of once-pristine areas, ways for environmental reasons, neers, the Fish and Wildlife Service suburban communities, streets and channelized stream beds can, Outen and otl1ers who can help fund envi highways have aLso become a si7.able says, cause mechanical problems, ronmental projects. "We are not source of nutrient loading to the Bay. exposing pipe lines running beneath waiting for funds to be passed down With an increase in the problem has the streams, such as sewer lines. through the usual channels," Outen come an increase in the need for Stream erosion can also cause prob- says. "We are working directly with funding. the Feds."
2 • .MARYLAND MARINE ~OTES Despite the availability of some money for nutrient-reduction efforts, Outen expects that their current budget will not be enough, as Balti Environmental Finance more County, like other counties, continues to focus on nonpoint For more than two years, the University of Maryland System issues. And beyond this, there are has operated an Environmental Finance Center, part of the often "institutional problems," ac Coastal and Environmental Polk)' Program now housed at the cording to Outen, which can make Maryland Sea Grant College. The Center puts on conferen<.:es money harder to get from the State. and roundtables in order to attract creative thinking from "I see two problems," says Outen. financial experts, planners and others. At the First Annual Mid-Atlantic Conference on Environ "One is that many state programs mental Finan<.-e, sponsored by the Environmental Finance Center and supported have a cost share element. And by the Environmental Protection Agenq•, financial creativity was not lacking. many small counties and localities Financial advisors like Scott Resnick, founder of Commonwealth Development just can't afford their share of the Associates, spoke of ~slicing and dicing," and other fmancing techniques nor cost." This means, according to mally considered the purview of Wall Street. Resnick pointed toward the use of Outen, that many such programs end stru<:tured municipal bonds that could differentiate risk and result in lower up primarily reaching the larger, interest rates. l1lese approaches could he used hy small entities that do not richer counties. normally take advantage of such techniques. The second problem, he says, is Michael Curley, a private investment banker and a member of the EPA·s that projects are often constrained by independent Env1ronmental Finance Advisory Board, asked the audience to <.:onsider all the small waterworks around the <."'llntry, all funded on a small-time the state fiscal year. "The state ex basis, paying not-so-great rates to their local banks. These waterworks, he pects the locals to spend funds in a found, were on the whole extremely reliable investments, yet, he said, only year, which locals often cannot do," about 5,000 of 60,000 nationwide have investment grade ratings. ~They have Outen says. "H usually takes a mini simply been overlooked," says Curley. mum of two years for a capital "Why not," suggests Curley, "have many of these water systems join together, project, n he says. to share a common bond?" With waterworks from all over the country pooling Outen is not alone in wondering their resources, he points out, they <.:ould negotiate large, long-term bond'i at whether there could be more flexibil g
SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 1994 • 3 Cleanup, cont. Students Complete NSF ments should begin thinking more seriously about funding projects on a funded Summer Program watershed basis. "We need to em phasize this thinking about water sheds," said panelist Deborah The sixth year of Maryland Sea jennings at a recent meeting. "Th1s Grant's successful summer under should be our most important recom graduate research program ended in mendation." August, when students presented At least some who work at the results of their summer's work at a county level agree that a watershed seminar held at the University of funding approach -which accounts Maryland Center for Environmental for nonpoint sources of nitrogen - and Estuarine Studies (UMCEES) in would he a step in the right direc Cambridge, Maryland. Each of the tion. "It docs not help us to have twelve students were paired with a access to funds for improving a scientist-advisor, and conducted an waste treatment plant,~ says one independent research project at planner from Queen Anne County, either the Chesapeake B1ologKal "if our biggest nutrient problem is Laboratory, the University's CEES coming from farm fields." Horn Point Environmental Laboratory :--J'ew approaches could help (both part of UMCEES) or at the relieve the potential burden to farm Benedict E~tuarine Research Labora ers of nutrient-reduction programs. tory (BERL) of the Alademy of Natu For example, at the recent Environ ral SCiences. mental Finance Conference at the The fellowships arc supported by University of Maryland a roundtable a grant from the National Science surface temperatures using the ma comprised of farmers, t.'<·onomistc; Foundation through its ResL-arch rine alga Isocbrysis galbana. Advi and finandal experts concluded that Experiences for Cndergraduates sor, Rodger Harvey, HPEL. even though agricultural lands need (REU) program. Students, their home • Troy Gunderson (Boston Univer special attention, this does not mean colleges, research topics and advisors sity, Massachusetts). Otolith that farmers should have to foot the were: microchemical analysis of the bay bill alone. anchovy, Ancboa mitcbilli, in Chesa The tomution of some form of • Krista Bartz (Oherlin College, peake Bay. Advisor, Edward Houde, authority or district, with the power Ohio). The effect~ of hydrogen CBL. to collect fees and take out loans, concentration on available acetate • Jennifer Kraly (Ohio Wesleyan could target areas most in need of and reductive dechlorination in University, Ohio). The effect of funding. Such a district could, some anoxic sediments. Advisor, D.G. variable iomc ratios on the zebra observers have poimed out, enable Capone, CBL. mussel, Dn?issena polymorpba. Advi funds from the State Revolving Fund • Rachel Beuennan (Catholic sor, Dav1d Wright, CBL. (SRF) to he more easily used for Univer'>lty of America, Washington, • Eric Luft (Univerc;ity of Mary nonpoint pollution projects. D.C.). The rok of benthic diatoms in land). Apphcattons of a laser The Panel is expected to issue its the nutrition of the ribbed mussel, doppler vclocimeter to analysis of report in November The report will Geukensia demissa. Advisor, Roger flow and turbulence in Chesapeake contain a menu of funding mecha '\ewell, HPEL Bay. Advisor. Lawrem:e Sanford, nisms which state and loc"al govem • John DeWitt (Coastal Carolina HPEL. ment and others involved in the University, South Carolina). Effecl'i • Tracey McDonnell (I lood Col Tributary Strategies can use to sup of toxins in anoxic waters on zoop lege, Maryland). An investigation of port nutrient-reduction projects. lankton. Advisor, Fritz Riedel, BERL. the roles of bacteria and het "While no one will escape at least • Christine Fellows (l' niversity of erotrophic flagellates in the trophic some of the responsibility,· says Maryland). The effects of nutrient structure of the salt marsh - the Cecily Majems, "these 1deas may help loading and flow rates on '"ater phenomenon of bacterial clumping. more equally spread the pain." • column nutnent levels in SA V Advisor, Diane Stoecker, IIPEL. mesocosms. Advisor, Laura Murray, • Paul Newell (Evergreen State HPEL. College, Washington). Nutrient • Kevin Gray (Trenton State Col limitation of bacterial growth in the lege, New jersey). Long cham Patuxent River Advisor, Cindy alkenoncs as biomarkers for past sea- Gilmour, BERL.
4 • MARYLAND MARINE ~OTES • Michelle Simons (Ashland Uni- -versity, Ohio). Heavy metal distribu Educational Scripts tions. Advisor, jeff Cornwell, HPEL. Change of Address • Brian Wysor (LIU/Southampton on Internet College, New York). The effect of The Academy of Natural Sci scale on ingestion rates in estuarine Teachers, librarians and media ences announced recently that mesocosms. Advisor, Edward specialists who have computers and it has relocated its Benedict Houde, CBL. modems now have access to hun Estuarine Research Center to dreds of one-page stories on science new facilities at The Academy The students were selected from and the environment. These scripts of Natural Sciences, 10545 185 applicants nationwide. Their from the University of Wisconsin Mackall Road, St. Leonard, twelve-week fellowship began with Madison "Earthwatch Radio" series Maryland 20685, telephone an orientation and a research cmise. are now available on Internet. (410) 586-9700, fax (410) 586- In 1994, the summer's activities Earthwatch is a two-minute pro 9705. included a summer seminar series on gram on science and the environ science and ethics. ment produced by the UW Sea Grant Maryland Sea Grant will offer the Institute and the Institute for Environ If you have access to a gopher server REU program again in 1995. It is mental Studies. Scripts for the pro at another institution, use it to con open to student<; who will have grams offer concise and clearly writ nect to the OW-Madison WisciNFO completed at least two years of ten reports on a variety of environ system. If you use Mosaic or some undergraduate work by summer mental topics, especially those re other browser, connect to this ad 1995, will be enrolled as undergradu garding the Great Lakes region. dress: gopher://gopher.adp.wisc.edu: ates the following fall, and are U.S. To get the Earthwatch scripts, use 70/11/,browse/.METASGIEW citizens or permanent residents. For Internet to get to the gopher server at For more information about more information or to request that OW-Madison WisciNFO (wiscinfo. Earthwatch Radio, contact Richard your name be added to the mailing wisc.edu). Once you connect, use a Hoops by phone, (608) 263-3149, or list to receive application materials in search function in the main menu to email, [email protected]. january 1995, call (301) 405-6371. look for "Earthwatch Radio Script'>." Restored Skipjack to be Used for Education
A restored skipjack, the Sigsbee, is program and school groups, dona now at work on the Bay, providing tions of materials and services and an educational resource for students grants from the Maryland Historic and other groups. Tmst, Preservation Maryland and The Sigsbee is the latest of several others. skipjacks that have been restored by The foundation stmggled to meet the Living Classrooms Foundation in the May launch date for the Sigsbee, Baltimore, which also owns the which was restored over one of the pungy schooner Lady Maryland, and annual Chesapeake Appreciation toughest winters in recent memory. a Chesapeake Bay buy boat, Mildred Days skipjack race. (Proceeds from Workers on hand beamed as the still Belle, both used as educational ves that event go toward preservation of mastless skipjack was raised by a sels. The skipjacks are being re the dwindling fleet.) A volunteer crane and placed in the water at stored under a program called Save effort succeeded in raising the boat Fell's Point at the foundation's Mari Our Skipjacks, and uses at-risk stu and taking it to Baltimore, where it time Institute. dents and other youth who learn was rebuilt by the foundation for use A few weeks after the launch, the both constmction and life skills while as an educational vessel. Sigsbee was again in service on the working on the restoration. Students from Baltimore and Bay, carrying a group of students The slow demise of the skipjack District of Columbia schools helped from Baltimore and Washington, D.C. fleet and the efforts to preserve the rebuild the vessel, as did at-risk or on a voyage of discovery. School boats are embodied in the Sigsbee's troubled youth from the foundation's groups or organizations interested in ironic history. The boat was used to Fresh Start program. They worked using the Sigsbee or for more infor dredge the bay for oysters for about under the guidance of professional mation on the Living Classrooms 90 years, and is the second-oldest shipwrights. A commercial boatyard Foundation or Maritime Institute can skipjack still sailing. Its working estimated the cost of restoration at contact Terry LaBonne at the founda career was ended when it sank more than $165,000. The program tion in Baltimore, (410) 685-0295. several years ago off Sandy Point restored the boat for about $70,000, (Ibis article was excerpted from the State Park just before the start of the with the help of the youth from the "Potomac Basin Reporter. ")
SEPTEMBER-OCfOBER 1994 • 5 Maryland Sea Grant A Special Lener to Researchers Invites Proposals Dear Colleague ~taryland <\ea Grant is <.·urrently inviting prcproposals for proje<.·ts to The :'\atJonal Sea Gr.mt College Program rccdwd a significant increase in funding thb year, when Congress ra•sed1Ls FY 199.:; appropriation to $'i4 3 be funded during 1996 and 1997. Areas of research emphasis for the million, an increa~e of $7.2 million over last year's funding This is the first next bienmum are: fisheries re significant budgetary increase for Sea Grant smcc 1980 sour<.:cs and aquaculture, environ Some of the increase is allocated to specific areas. The National Office of Sea Grant (NOSG) has dc:-.ign:ued $2.5 million to miuate a new marine hio mental studies, environmental man agenwnt and policy and new tech tcchnoloh'Y rcst..>arch effort, in response to specific appropnations language indicating Congressional intent to promote :o-uch research. Another $1.5 mil nologic:-., including biotechnology and seafood processing. lion will be tlc•SJgnated for oyster <.hscase research, retlccting a shift of the annual appropriation of that amount from the l':ational Marine Fisheries Ser Proposed projects will be evalu vice to Sea Grant. An additional $3.3 million will be used to fund enhanl·e ated on the basis of technical merit, relevance to S<.':l Grant's mission and rnents to <.."'re program activities around the nation, m conformance WJth programmatic priorities of each local S<..>a Grant program In addition, Con anticipated utility. In past funding gress again appropnatcd $2.8 million for research, edu<."ation and outreach cycles, approximately 30-40% of submitted proposals were selected activities associated with the zebra mus::.el and other non-mdigenous species. This increase represents a tremendous boo:-.t to Sea Grant research, educa for development into full proposals. tion and outreach, it also means that Sea Grant must move fotward to distrib Preproposals, due in the Sea ute the new funds. The Director of the l'ational Sea Grant College Program, Grant office on December 12, 1994, David Duane, has announced that this year only there will be a special should include a four-page prOJect competition held for all of the appropnations summanzcd above. The Na description, references, budget tional Office of Sea Grant had originally considered a cap of $400,000 for pages, a two-page curriculum vitae and cover pages required hy the each Sea Grant Program request, but has lifted that c.1p to allow more open suhmithng institution. _ competition for funds m each of the designated areas. Maryland Sea Grant has already mailed nouhcation ol t lc availabthty of For a full de-;criptinn nf research areas and information on how to these funds, together with tlw rc•gular Maryland Sl'a Grant Request for Propo~ als (RFJ>) for 1996 and 1997. submit a preproposal, contact the Maryland Sea Grant office at •iOS- Tight Deadlines 6371 and ask for an RFP hooklet. Because thc'>C new funds arc av-.ailablc for the current fiscal year, the NOSG 1s following a very llght timchne. All proposals pa~sed through Mary Fletcher Is New land Sea Grant m\lst be reviewed, re( ommended and delivered to the NOSG offiCe by February 22, 1995. (Thi~ i~ l.ller than the originally annoumcd COMB Director deadline of February 13, which will give investigators some additional time to prepare their proposals.) Unfortzmalely Ibis meanttbatlctlers of intent btul to After a lengthy international bat>e been in our bands by November 8, itz order to a/lou proposaL<> to be pre search, Dr. Madilyn Fletcher was pared by]mwary 9, 1995. 7bese deadliues are uecessary to enable us enough recently reappointed Director of the time to obtain peer n>t'iews and thus properly evaluate proposaL<>. Center of Marine Biotechnology Rest.>arc.:hers mtcrested in competmg for these funds should pay close (COMB), part of the University of attention to communications from the \taryland Sea Grant office, since dates Maryland's Biotechnology Institute for this pr
6 • MARYLAND MARINE NOTES otes
• Call for Papers: Coast and Es • Hudson River Graduate Fellow Noteworthy tuarine Management. Ahstracl'i arc ships. The Hudson ruver Founda invited for papers for an international tion awards up to six full-time re • Gross to Head CRC. Don Boesch, conference, "Strategies and Methods search graduate fellowships to ad Chairman of the Board of Trustees of in Coastal and Estuarine Manage vanced graduate students conducting the Chesapeake Research Consortium ment," which is the 25th Annual research on the Hudson ruver sys (CRC) and President of the University J Symposium of the Estuarine and tem. Fellowships awarded to doc of Maryland Center for Environmen Coastal Sciences As.-;ociation, to he toral students consist of a stipend of tal and Estuarine Studies (UMCEES), held September 11-16, 1995 at Trinity $12,000 for one year and an inciden recently announced the appointment College, University of Dublin, Ire tals research budget of up to $1,000. of Grant Gross as Executive Director land. Abstracts are due january 6, Fellowships awarded to master's of CRC. Dr. Gross comes to CRC 1995. For details about topics for level students consist of a stipend of following long and distinguished papers and abstract submission, write $9,000 for one year and an inciden service as Director of the Division of or fax the organizing committee: tals research budget of $750. Appli Ocean Sciences at the National Sci ECSA25, Environn1ental Sciences cants must be enrolled in an accred ence Foundation (NSF). In that Unit, Trinity College, Dubhn 2, Ire ited doctoral or masters program, position, he oversaw the largest land, fax 353-1-671-8047. must have a thesis advisor and advi division within NSF, responsible for sory committee (if appropriate to the an annual budget of :-;orne $250 • Maryland Sea Grant Traineeship. institution), and must have a thesis million for research, vessel opera A traineeship 1s available for a gradu research plan approved by the stu tiom; and ocean drilling. ate student with rt:search intcrc!>ts in dent's institution or department. Dr. Gross's research expertise is in the area of conservation biology and Applications for graduate fdlowsh1ps chemical processes in marine sedi restoration t..>cology. The trainee must he rece1ved by Febmary 18. ment<;. Most currently his interests would be part of an interdepartmen 1995. For information about apply are in marine waste disposal activities tal team of University of Maryland ing for this fellowship, contact the in the Chesapeake Bay and the '\'ew philosophers, geographers, planners Hudson ruver Foundation in New York bight. At CRC, he will coordi and extension agents working on a York, phone (212) 924-8290, fax nate a broad-based, Bay-wide ap project titled "Ecological Restoration (212) 924-8325. proach to scientific investigations. and the Concept of Place," headed The CRC office has moved from its by principal invesugator Mark Sagoff Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship location at the UMCEES Chesapeake at the UMCP Institute for Philosophy Program. These fellowships, also Biological Lab in Solomons to its and Public Policy in the School of administered by the Hudson River new home at the Smithsonian Envi Public Affairs. Foundation, are part of a research ronmental Research Center in The successful applicant should program conducted in cooperation Edgewater. he able to benefit from and assist with the New York State Department with research in the normative and of Environmental Conservation. The Call for Papers: Water Re cultural dimensions of environmental program provides a summertime sources. The Virginia Water Re policy, with particular emphasis on grant of $3,500 for each fellowship sources Conference will be held April the interplay between science and and limited research funds for eight 17-19, 1995 in ruchmond, Virginia. policy. Strong writing and oral college graduate or undergraduate Abstracts and presentation summaries communication skills are essential. students to conduct research on the are requested on applied and basic This traineeship is a 20·hour per Hudson ruver. The objectives of the scientific research, field studies, week position for one year initially, program are to gather important management and polity issues and with the possibility of renewal. It information on all aspects of the river professional investigations in the provides a stipend, 10 credits tuition and to tram students in conducting general categories of water resources remission and full benefits. To ap estuarine studies and public policy quality and quantity and lake ecology ply, send full resume and writing research. Polgar Fellowships may he and management in Virginia . Ab samples with cover letter by Decem awarded for studies anywhere within stracts are due December 23, 1994. ber 1, 1994, to: Sea Grant Trainee the tidal Hud<;on estuary from Fed For more informatiOn, contact judy Search, Mrs. Carroll Linkins, Institute eral Dam at Troy, New York, to '\lew Poff, Virginia Polytechnic Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy, York Harbor. Applications for Polgar and State University, Blacksburg, Van Munching Hall, University of fellowships are due Apri/15, 1995. Virginia, phone (703) 231-8030, fax Maryland, College Park 20742. To apply, contact the Hudson ruver (703) 231-6673. Foundation, listed above.
SEPTEMBER-OCfOBER 1994 • 7 ment is a commitment to reduce the Publications, Etc. nutrient and tOXIC substances flowing Marylllnd Marine Notes _; into the Bay. In 1989, the Chesa Volume 12, Number 6 Educational Posters peake Bay Environmental Effects Committee joined with the Chesa Maryland Marine Notes is published bimonthly by the Maryland Sea Grant NOAA's National peake Bay Program's Toxic Subcom College for and about the marine research, Marine Sanctuary mittee to further address the lack of education and outreach community around Program protects information concerning anthropo the Mate. delicate environ genic impactc; to the estuary. The Thi.<. new~lener is produced and funded ments m oceans initial goals of the Toxics Research by the Maryland Sea Grant College and hays in a wide Program were to understand how Prowam. which rece1ves suppon from the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem processes National CX:eanic and Atmo5pheric Admin variety of loca i.\tration. Editor, Sandy Rodgers Harpe. tions, such as the influence the transport, fate and Send 1tem<. for the newsletter 10: Florida Keys, off effects of toxicants; and to under Maryltlnd Manne Notes Washington's stand the effects that representative Maryland Sea Grant College
..:...c:..-"'..__ ___J Olympic Coast, the toxicants have upon ecological pro 0112 Skinner Hall Massachusetts coast and Pago Pago, cesses, including trophic dynamics, Univer..ity of Maryland American Samoa. To find out about in the Bay. College Park. Maryland 20742 phone (301) 405-6376 colorful educational posters showing The Toxics Re!'earch Program fax (301) 314-9581 the fish, mollusks, whales and other enlisLc; investigators from throughout marine life that live in these hay, the Chesapeake Bay area to address coral reef and ocean canyon sanctu these important issues. In order to aries, contact: Maritle Sa11ctuary facilitate commurucation hetween the magazine, Sanctuaries and Reserves research commun ty and manage Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal ment agencies, the Program holds Resource Management, NOAA, 1305 periodic workshops to provide a East-West Highway, 12th Floor, Silver format for presenting preliminary Spring, Maryland 20910, phone (301) findings and discussion of research 713-3125 priorities. The proceedings of a workshop, held in Solomons, Mary Workshop Report land May 1993, 1s currently available. Chesapeake Bay E"vironmental In response to deteriorating con Effects Studies Toxics Research Pro ditions in the Chesapeake Bay, Mary gram, 1993 Workshop Report, edited land, Virginia, Pennsylvania, the by john M. jacoh\ is available from: District of Columbia and the L .S NOAA Chesapeake Bay Office, 410 Environmental Protection Agency Severn Avenue, Suite 107A, Annapo signed the Chesapeake Bay Agree lis, Maryland 21403, phone (410) ment in 1987. Implicit in the agree- 267-5676.
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