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A Novel 2-Herpesvirus of the Rhadinovirus 2 Lineage In
Downloaded from genome.cshlp.org on September 29, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Letter A Novel ␥2-Herpesvirus of the Rhadinovirus 2 Lineage in Chimpanzees Vincent Lacoste,1 Philippe Mauclère,1,2 Guy Dubreuil,3 John Lewis,4 Marie-Claude Georges-Courbot,3 andAntoine Gessain 1,5 1Unite´d’Epide´miologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncoge`nes, De´partement du SIDA et des Re´trovirus, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; 2Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, BP 1274, Yaounde´, Cameroon; 3Centre International de Recherches Me´dicales, Franceville, Gabon; 4International Zoo Veterinary Group, Keighley, West Yorkshire BD21 1AG, UK Old World monkeys and, recently, African great apes have been shown, by serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), to harbor different ␥2-herpesviruses closely related to Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV). Although the presence of two distinct lineages of KSHV-like rhadinoviruses, RV1 and RV2, has been revealed in Old World primates (including African green monkeys, macaques, and, recently, mandrills), viruses belonging to the RV2 genogroup have not yet been identified from great apes. Indeed, the three yet known ␥2-herpesviruses in chimpanzees (PanRHV1a/PtRV1, PanRHV1b) and gorillas (GorRHV1) belong to the RV1 group. To investigate the putative existence of a new RV2 Rhadinovirus in chimpanzees and gorillas we have used the degenerate consensus primer PCR strategy for the Herpesviral DNA polymerase gene on 40 wild-caught animals. This study led to the discovery, in common chimpanzees, of a novel ␥2-herpesvirus belonging to the RV2 genogroup, termed Pan Rhadino-herpesvirus 2 (PanRHV2). Use of specific primers and internal oligonucleotide probes demonstrated the presence of this novel ␥2-herpesvirus in three wild-caught animals. -
The Retromer Is Co-Opted to Deliver Lipid Enzymes for the Biogenesis of Lipid-Enriched Tombusviral Replication Organelles
The retromer is co-opted to deliver lipid enzymes for the biogenesis of lipid-enriched tombusviral replication organelles Zhike Fenga, Jun-ichi Inabaa, and Peter D. Nagya,1 aDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 Edited by George E. Bruening, University of California, Davis, CA, and approved November 5, 2020 (received for review July 29, 2020) Biogenesis of viral replication organelles (VROs) is critical for repli- TBSV infections include extensive membrane contact sites (vMCSs) cation of positive-strand RNA viruses. In this work, we demonstrate and harbor numerous spherules (containing VRCs), which are that tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) and the closely related carna- vesicle-like invaginations in the peroxisomal membranes (8, 11–13). tion Italian ringspot virus (CIRV) hijack the retromer to facilitate A major gap in our understanding of the biogenesis of VROs, in- building VROs in the surrogate host yeast and in plants. Depletion cluding vMCSs and VRCs, is how the cellular lipid-modifying en- of retromer proteins, which are needed for biogenesis of endosomal zymes are recruited to the sites of viral replication. tubular transport carriers, strongly inhibits the peroxisome-associ- Tombusviruses belong to the large Flavivirus-like supergroup ated TBSV and the mitochondria-associated CIRV replication in yeast that includes important human, animal, and plant pathogens. in planta. and In vitro reconstitution revealed the need for the ret- Tombusviruses have a small single-component (+)RNA genome romer for the full activity of the viral replicase. The viral p33 repli- of ∼4.8 kb that codes for five proteins. Among those, there are cation protein interacts with the retromer complex, including Vps26, two essential replication proteins, namely p33 and p92pol, the Vps29, and Vps35. -
Where Do We Stand After Decades of Studying Human Cytomegalovirus?
microorganisms Review Where do we Stand after Decades of Studying Human Cytomegalovirus? 1, 2, 1 1 Francesca Gugliesi y, Alessandra Coscia y, Gloria Griffante , Ganna Galitska , Selina Pasquero 1, Camilla Albano 1 and Matteo Biolatti 1,* 1 Laboratory of Pathogenesis of Viral Infections, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; [email protected] (F.G.); gloria.griff[email protected] (G.G.); [email protected] (G.G.); [email protected] (S.P.); [email protected] (C.A.) 2 Complex Structure Neonatology Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 19 March 2020; Accepted: 5 May 2020; Published: 8 May 2020 Abstract: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a linear double-stranded DNA betaherpesvirus belonging to the family of Herpesviridae, is characterized by widespread seroprevalence, ranging between 56% and 94%, strictly dependent on the socioeconomic background of the country being considered. Typically, HCMV causes asymptomatic infection in the immunocompetent population, while in immunocompromised individuals or when transmitted vertically from the mother to the fetus it leads to systemic disease with severe complications and high mortality rate. Following primary infection, HCMV establishes a state of latency primarily in myeloid cells, from which it can be reactivated by various inflammatory stimuli. Several studies have shown that HCMV, despite being a DNA virus, is highly prone to genetic variability that strongly influences its replication and dissemination rates as well as cellular tropism. In this scenario, the few currently available drugs for the treatment of HCMV infections are characterized by high toxicity, poor oral bioavailability, and emerging resistance. -
Genome-Wide Screen Identifies Host Genes Affecting Viral RNA Recombination
Genome-wide screen identifies host genes affecting viral RNA recombination Elena Serviene, Natalia Shapka, Chi-Ping Cheng, Tadas Panavas, Bencharong Phuangrat, Jannine Baker, and Peter D. Nagy* Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Plant Science Building, Lexington, KY 40546 Communicated by Paul Ahlquist, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, June 9, 2005 (received for review October 12, 2004) Rapid evolution of RNA viruses with mRNA-sense genomes is a in vitro replication͞recombination studies with a small replicon major concern to health and economic welfare because of the RNA, termed defective interfering 72 (DI-72) RNA (21, 22), devastating diseases these viruses inflict on humans, animals, and established a role for RNA sequences͞structures and viral replicase plants. To test whether host genes can affect the evolution of RNA proteins in RNA recombination. Coexpression of the replicon viruses, we used a Saccharomyces cerevisiae single-gene deletion RNA with the two essential tombusviral replicase proteins (see Fig. library, which includes Ϸ80% of yeast genes, in RNA recombination 1A) resulted in robust DI RNA replication in Saccharomyces studies based on a small viral replicon RNA derived from tomato cerevisiae (23, 24), which is a model eukaryotic host. Yeast also bushy stunt virus. The genome-wide screen led to the identifica- supported viral RNA recombination, giving rise to recombinants tion of five host genes whose absence resulted in the rapid similar to those in plants and plant protoplasts (23). Therefore, generation of new viral RNA recombinants. Thus, these genes yeast could be a useful host to study viral RNA recombination and normally suppress viral RNA recombination, but in their absence, to identify host proteins involved in this process. -
Characterization of Host Micrornas That Respond to DNA Virus Infection in a Crustacean Tianzhi Huang, Dandan Xu and Xiaobo Zhang*
Huang et al. BMC Genomics 2012, 13:159 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/13/159 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Characterization of host microRNAs that respond to DNA virus infection in a crustacean Tianzhi Huang, Dandan Xu and Xiaobo Zhang* Abstract Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression that are implicated in many processes of eukaryotic cells. It is known that the expression profiles of host miRNAs can be reshaped by viruses. However, a systematic investigation of marine invertebrate miRNAs that respond to virus infection has not yet been performed. Results: In this study, the shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus was challenged by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Small RNA sequencing of WSSV-infected shrimp at different time post-infection (0, 6, 24 and 48 h) identified 63 host miRNAs, 48 of which were conserved in other animals, representing 43 distinct families. Of the identified host miRNAs, 31 were differentially expressed in response to virus infection, of which 25 were up-regulated and six down-regulated. The results were confirmed by northern blots. The TargetScan and miRanda algorithms showed that most target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were related to immune responses. Gene ontology analysis revealed that immune signaling pathways were mediated by these miRNAs. Evolutionary analysis showed that three of them, miR-1, miR-7 and miR-34, are highly conserved in shrimp, fruit fly and humans and function in the similar pathways. Conclusions: Our study provides the first large-scale characterization of marine invertebrate miRNAs that respond to virus infection. This will help to reveal the molecular events involved in virus-host interactions mediated by miRNAs and their evolution in animals. -
A Research Review on Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus Disease Complex
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.4, No.5, 2014 A Research Review on Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus Disease Complex Hafiz Husnain Nawaz, Muhammad Umer, Sadia Bano, Anam Usmani, Memoona Naseer Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore *corresponding e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV) was firstly reported on tomatoes by Smith in 1935 in England. The virus belongs to genus Tombusvirus and family Tombusviridae , is a soil-borne virus with isometric particle about 30 nm in diameter. Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus can cause chlorosis, necrosis, stunting, leaf yellowing, leaf mottling, leaf crinkling and fruit setting may be reduced or become zero. These symptoms were depending upon the host morphology. Transmission of this virus is naturally through infected seeds, propagative material and manually by the use of infective cutting tools. A numbers of varieties were affected. But it’s also observed that Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium not susceptible host plant. Gel Electropherotic analysis shows that virus distantly related serologically with several other viral species in the genus Tombusvirus . In phosphotungstic acid, the particles show an angular outline and unresolved surface structure but when mounted in uranyl acetate, they exhibit a rounded outline and somewhat knobby surface and edges. The viral genome is monopartite and TBSV- Ch has been completely sequenced and shown to contain 4,776 nucleotides. -
Virus World As an Evolutionary Network of Viruses and Capsidless Selfish Elements
Virus World as an Evolutionary Network of Viruses and Capsidless Selfish Elements Koonin, E. V., & Dolja, V. V. (2014). Virus World as an Evolutionary Network of Viruses and Capsidless Selfish Elements. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 78(2), 278-303. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00049-13 10.1128/MMBR.00049-13 American Society for Microbiology Version of Record http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse Virus World as an Evolutionary Network of Viruses and Capsidless Selfish Elements Eugene V. Koonin,a Valerian V. Doljab National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USAa; Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USAb Downloaded from SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................................278 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................278 PREVALENCE OF REPLICATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS COMPARED TO CAPSID PROTEINS AMONG VIRUS HALLMARK GENES.......................279 CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES BY REPLICATION-EXPRESSION STRATEGY: TYPICAL VIRUSES AND CAPSIDLESS FORMS ................................279 EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VIRUSES AND CAPSIDLESS VIRUS-LIKE GENETIC ELEMENTS ..............................................280 Capsidless Derivatives of Positive-Strand RNA Viruses....................................................................................................280 -
Yellow Head Virus: Transmission and Genome Analyses
The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Dissertations Fall 12-2008 Yellow Head Virus: Transmission and Genome Analyses Hongwei Ma University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Biology Commons, and the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Ma, Hongwei, "Yellow Head Virus: Transmission and Genome Analyses" (2008). Dissertations. 1149. https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/1149 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi YELLOW HEAD VIRUS: TRANSMISSION AND GENOME ANALYSES by Hongwei Ma Abstract of a Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Studies Office of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2008 COPYRIGHT BY HONGWEI MA 2008 The University of Southern Mississippi YELLOW HEAD VIRUS: TRANSMISSION AND GENOME ANALYSES by Hongwei Ma A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Studies Office of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved: December 2008 ABSTRACT YELLOW HEAD VIRUS: TRANSMISSION AND GENOME ANALYSES by I Iongwei Ma December 2008 Yellow head virus (YHV) is an important pathogen to shrimp aquaculture. Among 13 species of naturally YHV-negative crustaceans in the Mississippi coastal area, the daggerblade grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, and the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, were tested for potential reservoir and carrier hosts of YHV using PCR and real time PCR. -
Herpesviral Latency—Common Themes
pathogens Review Herpesviral Latency—Common Themes Magdalena Weidner-Glunde * , Ewa Kruminis-Kaszkiel and Mamata Savanagouder Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Str. 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; [email protected] (E.K.-K.); [email protected] (M.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 22 January 2020; Accepted: 14 February 2020; Published: 15 February 2020 Abstract: Latency establishment is the hallmark feature of herpesviruses, a group of viruses, of which nine are known to infect humans. They have co-evolved alongside their hosts, and mastered manipulation of cellular pathways and tweaking various processes to their advantage. As a result, they are very well adapted to persistence. The members of the three subfamilies belonging to the family Herpesviridae differ with regard to cell tropism, target cells for the latent reservoir, and characteristics of the infection. The mechanisms governing the latent state also seem quite different. Our knowledge about latency is most complete for the gammaherpesviruses due to previously missing adequate latency models for the alpha and beta-herpesviruses. Nevertheless, with advances in cell biology and the availability of appropriate cell-culture and animal models, the common features of the latency in the different subfamilies began to emerge. Three criteria have been set forth to define latency and differentiate it from persistent or abortive infection: 1) persistence of the viral genome, 2) limited viral gene expression with no viral particle production, and 3) the ability to reactivate to a lytic cycle. This review discusses these criteria for each of the subfamilies and highlights the common strategies adopted by herpesviruses to establish latency. -
1 Chapter I Overall Issues of Virus and Host Evolution
CHAPTER I OVERALL ISSUES OF VIRUS AND HOST EVOLUTION tree of life. Yet viruses do have the This book seeks to present the evolution of characteristics of life, can be killed, can become viruses from the perspective of the evolution extinct and adhere to the rules of evolutionary of their host. Since viruses essentially infect biology and Darwinian selection. In addition, all life forms, the book will broadly cover all viruses have enormous impact on the evolution life. Such an organization of the virus of their host. Viruses are ancient life forms, their literature will thus differ considerably from numbers are vast and their role in the fabric of the usual pattern of presenting viruses life is fundamental and unending. They according to either the virus type or the type represent the leading edge of evolution of all of host disease they are associated with. In living entities and they must no longer be left out so doing, it presents the broad patterns of the of the tree of life. evolution of life and evaluates the role of viruses in host evolution as well as the role Definitions. The concept of a virus has old of host in virus evolution. This book also origins, yet our modern understanding or seeks to broadly consider and present the definition of a virus is relatively recent and role of persistent viruses in evolution. directly associated with our unraveling the nature Although we have come to realize that viral of genes and nucleic acids in biological systems. persistence is indeed a common relationship As it will be important to avoid the perpetuation between virus and host, it is usually of some of the vague and sometimes inaccurate considered as a variation of a host infection views of viruses, below we present some pattern and not the basis from which to definitions that apply to modern virology. -
Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus</Em>
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Plant Pathology Faculty Publications Plant Pathology 5-2015 Activation of Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus RNA- Dependent RNA Polymerase by Cellular Heat Shock Protein 70 Is Enhanced by Phospholipids In Vitro Judit Pogany University of Kentucky, [email protected] Peter D. Nagy University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits oy u. Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/plantpath_facpub Part of the Plant Pathology Commons Repository Citation Pogany, Judit and Nagy, Peter D., "Activation of Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase by Cellular Heat Shock Protein 70 Is Enhanced by Phospholipids In Vitro" (2015). Plant Pathology Faculty Publications. 37. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/plantpath_facpub/37 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant Pathology at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Plant Pathology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Activation of Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase by Cellular Heat Shock Protein 70 Is Enhanced by Phospholipids In Vitro Notes/Citation Information Published in Journal of Virology, v. 89, no. 10, p. 5714-5723. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. The opc yright holders have granted the permission for posting the article here. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03711-14 This article is available at UKnowledge: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/plantpath_facpub/37 Activation of Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase by Cellular Heat Shock Protein 70 Is Enhanced by Phospholipids In Vitro Judit Pogany, Peter D. -
Petunia Asteroid Mosaic Virus (Peamv)
Product Information: DAS-ELISA Petunia asteroid mosaic virus (PeAMV) Several plant families are susceptible to Petunia asteroid mosaic virus (PeAMV, a tombusvirus) (1,4). Main affected crops are Petunia, hop, cherry, plum, spinach. Infected plants mostly show symptoms of yellow mottling and necrotic lesions (veinal necrosis) on leaves, leaf and shoot distortion, stunting, and fruits with sunken pits. The virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation or by grafting, and is present in soils from which it can be acquired by host plants (4). The virus occurs in the Eurasian region as well as in North America. Specificity and sampling instruction The reagents were made against an isolate of PeAMV (5, and M. Turina, personal communication) and react with PeAMV in DAS-ELISA (2); they also cross-react with the related tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) (3,4,5). All strains of PeAMV tested so far have been detected. Samples are homogenized 1:20 (w/v) in extraction buffer «General» (Art. No. 110120). The product is based on antibodies from the National Research Council (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection), Torino, Italy. Information on the antibodies Coating IgG: polyclonal; conjugate: polyclonal References (1) Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). ‘Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20th August 1996.’ (2) Clark, M.F. and Adams, A.N. 1977. J. gen. Virol. 34:475-483. (3) Martelli, G.P., Quacquarelli, A. and Russo, M. 1971. Descriptions of plant viruses. No. 69. CMI/AAB. 4pp. (4) Martelli, G.P., Russo, M., and Gallitelli, D.