Where Do We Stand After Decades of Studying Human Cytomegalovirus?
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A Novel 2-Herpesvirus of the Rhadinovirus 2 Lineage In
Downloaded from genome.cshlp.org on September 29, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Letter A Novel ␥2-Herpesvirus of the Rhadinovirus 2 Lineage in Chimpanzees Vincent Lacoste,1 Philippe Mauclère,1,2 Guy Dubreuil,3 John Lewis,4 Marie-Claude Georges-Courbot,3 andAntoine Gessain 1,5 1Unite´d’Epide´miologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncoge`nes, De´partement du SIDA et des Re´trovirus, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; 2Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, BP 1274, Yaounde´, Cameroon; 3Centre International de Recherches Me´dicales, Franceville, Gabon; 4International Zoo Veterinary Group, Keighley, West Yorkshire BD21 1AG, UK Old World monkeys and, recently, African great apes have been shown, by serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), to harbor different ␥2-herpesviruses closely related to Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV). Although the presence of two distinct lineages of KSHV-like rhadinoviruses, RV1 and RV2, has been revealed in Old World primates (including African green monkeys, macaques, and, recently, mandrills), viruses belonging to the RV2 genogroup have not yet been identified from great apes. Indeed, the three yet known ␥2-herpesviruses in chimpanzees (PanRHV1a/PtRV1, PanRHV1b) and gorillas (GorRHV1) belong to the RV1 group. To investigate the putative existence of a new RV2 Rhadinovirus in chimpanzees and gorillas we have used the degenerate consensus primer PCR strategy for the Herpesviral DNA polymerase gene on 40 wild-caught animals. This study led to the discovery, in common chimpanzees, of a novel ␥2-herpesvirus belonging to the RV2 genogroup, termed Pan Rhadino-herpesvirus 2 (PanRHV2). Use of specific primers and internal oligonucleotide probes demonstrated the presence of this novel ␥2-herpesvirus in three wild-caught animals. -
COMMISSION DE LA TRANSPARENCE Avis 5 Septembre 2018
COMMISSION DE LA TRANSPARENCE Avis 5 septembre 2018 Date d’examen par la Commission : 20 juin 2018 L’avis de la commission de la Transparence adopté le 11 juillet 2018 a fait l’objet d’une audition le 5 septembre 2018. letermovir PREVYMIS 240 mg, comprimés pelliculés Boîte de 28 (CIP : 34009 301 272 3 0) PREVYMIS 240 mg, solution à diluer pour perfusion Boite de 1 (CIP : 34009 301 272 5 4) PREVYMIS 480 mg, comprimés pelliculés Boîte de 28 (CIP : 34009 301 272 4 7) PREVYMIS 480 mg, solution à diluer pour perfusion Boite de 1 (CIP : 34009 301 272 6 1) Laboratoire MSD France Code ATC J05AX18 (Antiviral) Motif de l’examen Inscription Sécurité Sociale (CSS L.162-17) pour les formes comprimés uniquement Listes concernées Collectivités (CSP L.5123-2) pour l’ensemble des présentations « PREVYMIS est indiqué dans la prophylaxie de la réactivation du cytomégalovirus (CMV) et de la maladie à CMV chez les adultes séropositifs au CMV receveurs [R+] d’une greffe allogénique de cellules Indication concernée souches hématopoïétiques (GCSH). Il convient de tenir compte des recommandations officielles concernant l’utilisation appropriée des agents antiviraux. » HAS - Direction de l'Evaluation Médicale, Economique et de Santé Publique 1/18 Avis3 SMR Important Compte tenu : - de la démonstration de l’efficacité de PREVYMIS en prophylaxie de la réactivation du CMV par rapport au placebo et notamment la diminution des instaurations de traitements préemptifs exposant les patients à une toxicité hématologique ou rénale importante, - de l’absence d’impact démontré -
Truvada (Emtricitabine / Tenofovir Disoproxil)
Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (2.3) HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These highlights do not include all the information needed to use Recommended dose in HIV-1 uninfected adults: One tablet TRUVADA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information (containing 200 mg/300 mg of emtricitabine and tenofovir for TRUVADA. disoproxil fumarate) once daily taken orally with or without food. (2.3) TRUVADA® (emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) tablets, for oral use Recommended dose in renally impaired HIV-uninfected Initial U.S. Approval: 2004 individuals: Do not use TRUVADA in HIV-uninfected individuals if CrCl is below 60 mL/min. If a decrease in CrCl is observed in WARNING: LACTIC ACIDOSIS/SEVERE HEPATOMEGALY WITH uninfected individuals while using TRUVADA for PrEP, evaluate STEATOSIS, POST-TREATMENT ACUTE EXACERBATION OF potential causes and re-assess potential risks and benefits of HEPATITIS B, and RISK OF DRUG RESISTANCE WITH USE OF continued use. (2.4) TRUVADA FOR PrEP IN UNDIAGNOSED HIV-1 INFECTION -----------------------DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS------------------- See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Tablets: 200 mg/300 mg, 167 mg/250 mg, 133 mg/200 mg, and 100 Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, mg/150 mg of emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate . (3) including fatal cases, have been reported with the use of nucleoside analogs, including VIREAD, a component of TRUVADA. (5.1) --------------------------------CONTRAINDICATIONS----------------------------- TRUVADA is not approved for the treatment of chronic Do not use TRUVADA for pre-exposure prophylaxis in individuals with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Severe acute unknown or positive HIV-1 status. TRUVADA should be used in exacerbations of hepatitis B have been reported in patients HIV-infected patients only in combination with other antiretroviral coinfected with HIV-1 and HBV who have discontinued agents. -
Guide for Common Viral Diseases of Animals in Louisiana
Sampling and Testing Guide for Common Viral Diseases of Animals in Louisiana Please click on the species of interest: Cattle Deer and Small Ruminants The Louisiana Animal Swine Disease Diagnostic Horses Laboratory Dogs A service unit of the LSU School of Veterinary Medicine Adapted from Murphy, F.A., et al, Veterinary Virology, 3rd ed. Cats Academic Press, 1999. Compiled by Rob Poston Multi-species: Rabiesvirus DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 1 Cattle Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 2 Deer and Small Ruminants Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral disease Respiratory viral disease Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 3 Swine Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 4 Horses Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Neurological viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Abortifacient/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 5 Dogs Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. -
Subtherapeutic Posaconazole Prophylaxis in a Gastric Bypass Patient Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
applyparastyle “fig//caption/p[1]” parastyle “FigCapt” CASE REPORT Subtherapeutic posaconazole prophylaxis in a gastric bypass patient following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Emily A. Highsmith, PharmD, BCCCP, Department of Pharmacy, University Purpose. A case of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) with subtherapeutic of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA posaconazole prophylaxis in a gastric bypass patient following hemato- poietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is reported. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajhp/article/78/14/1282/6245082 by BINASSS user on 15 July 2021 Vi P. Doan, PharmD, BCOP, Department of Pharmacy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Summary. A 52-year-old malnourished male with a medical history of Houston, TX, USA Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for obesity developed acute myelogenous leu- Todd W. Canada, PharmD, BCNSP, kemia and underwent allogeneic HSCT approximately 17 months later. He BCCCP, FASHP, FTSHP, FASPEN, was admitted 1 month after HSCT for failure to thrive and initiated on par- Department of Pharmacy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, enteral nutrition due to worsening diarrhea and suspected gastrointestinal Houston, TX, USA graft-versus-host disease (GI GVHD). During admission, the patient was continued on daily oral posaconazole for antifungal prophylaxis and was found to have subtherapeutic posaconazole and deficient vitamin levels, likely secondary to his gastrojejunostomy and increased gastric transit time. The oral posaconazole was altered to twice-daily dosing in an effort to increase serum drug levels and prevent IFIs. Conclusion. Patients with a history of gastric bypass are at increased risk for malabsorption of oral posaconazole and nutrients, especially following HSCT with suspected GI GVHD. -
R&D Briefing 76
The Impact of Recent Regulatory Developments on the Mexican Therapeutic Landscape Access to innovative medicines is key to El acceso a medicamentos innovadores es clave para improving overall population health, reducing mejorar la salud de toda la población, para reducir los hospitalisation time and decreasing morbidity and tiempos de hospitalización, la morbilidad y la mortalidad mortality. An efficient regulatory process can be de un país. Un proceso regulatorio eficiente tiene un reflected in measurable positive health impacts; impacto positivo medible en la salud, y por el contrario, conversely, activities that slow or impede acciones que retrasan o impiden la eficiencia regulatoria y regulatory efficiency and predictability can be su predictibilidad pueden ser perjudiciales. La parálisis detrimental. Recent developments in the Mexican reciente del Sistema regulatorio mexicano respecto a la regulatory system for the assessments of evaluación de nuevos medicamentos innovadores innovative new products have had a negative conlleva un impacto negativo en la salud de la población impact on Mexican public health. mexicana. This Briefing addresses the impact of suspending Este informe analiza el impacto de la suspensión de las the activities of the New Molecules Committee actividades del Comité de Moléculas Nuevas (NMC, por (NMC) on the Mexican therapeutic landscape. sus siglas en inglés) sobre el horizonte terapéutico de First, we compared the way that “new medicines” México. En primer lugar, comparamos la definición de are defined within the context of the Mexican nuevos medicamentos según el contexto regulatorio regulatory system, with definitions used by mexicano con las definiciones adoptadas por otras comparable regulators and health organisations. agencias reguladoras u organizaciones de salud del We have also investigated the extent to which mundo. -
Cytomegalovirus Disease Fact Sheet
WISCONSIN DIVISION OF PUBLIC HEALTH Department of Health Services Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Disease Fact Sheet Series What is Cytomegalovirus infection? Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common viral infection that rarely causes disease in healthy individuals. When it does cause disease, the symptoms vary depending on the patient’s age and immune status. Who gets CMV infection? In the United States, approximately 1% of newborns is infected with CMV while growing in their mother's womb (congenital CMV infection). Many newborns however, will acquire CMV infection during delivery by passage through an infected birth canal or after birth through infected breast milk (perinatal CMV infection). Children, especially those attending day-care centers, who have not previously been infected with CMV, may become infected during the toddler or preschool years. Most people will have been infected with CMV by the time they reach puberty. How is CMV spread? CMV is excreted in urine, saliva, breast milk, cervical secretions and semen of infected individuals, even if the infected person has never experienced clinical symptoms. CMV may also be transmitted through blood transfusions, and through bone marrow, organ and tissue transplants from donors infected with CMV. CMV is not spread by casual contact with infected persons. Transmission requires repeated prolonged contact with infected items. What are the signs and symptoms of CMV infection? While most infants with congenital CMV infection do not show symptoms at birth, some will develop psychomotor, hearing, or dental abnormalities over the first few years of their life. Prognosis for infants with profound congenital CMV infection is poor and survivors may exhibit mental retardation, deficiencies in coordination of muscle movements, hearing losses, and chronic liver disease. -
Novel Therapeutics for Epstein–Barr Virus
molecules Review Novel Therapeutics for Epstein–Barr Virus Graciela Andrei *, Erika Trompet and Robert Snoeck Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; [email protected] (E.T.); [email protected] (R.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +32-16-321-915 Academic Editor: Stefano Aquaro Received: 15 February 2019; Accepted: 4 March 2019; Published: 12 March 2019 Abstract: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human γ-herpesvirus that infects up to 95% of the adult population. Primary EBV infection usually occurs during childhood and is generally asymptomatic, though the virus can cause infectious mononucleosis in 35–50% of the cases when infection occurs later in life. EBV infects mainly B-cells and epithelial cells, establishing latency in resting memory B-cells and possibly also in epithelial cells. EBV is recognized as an oncogenic virus but in immunocompetent hosts, EBV reactivation is controlled by the immune response preventing transformation in vivo. Under immunosuppression, regardless of the cause, the immune system can lose control of EBV replication, which may result in the appearance of neoplasms. The primary malignancies related to EBV are B-cell lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which reflects the primary cell targets of viral infection in vivo. Although a number of antivirals were proven to inhibit EBV replication in vitro, they had limited success in the clinic and to date no antiviral drug has been approved for the treatment of EBV infections. We review here the antiviral drugs that have been evaluated in the clinic to treat EBV infections and discuss novel molecules with anti-EBV activity under investigation as well as new strategies to treat EBV-related diseases. -
Infection Status of Human Parvovirus B19, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes Simplex Virus-1/2 in Women with First-Trimester Spontaneous
Gao et al. Virology Journal (2018) 15:74 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-018-0988-5 RESEARCH Open Access Infection status of human parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex Virus- 1/2 in women with first-trimester spontaneous abortions in Chongqing, China Ya-Ling Gao1, Zhan Gao3,4, Miao He3,4* and Pu Liao2* Abstract Background: Infection with Parvovirus B19 (B19V), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes Simplex Virus-1/2 (HSV-1/2) may cause fetal loses including spontaneous abortion, intrauterine fetal death and non-immune hydrops fetalis. Few comprehensive studies have investigated first-trimester spontaneous abortions caused by virus infections in Chongqing, China. Our study intends to investigate the infection of B19V, CMV and HSV-1/2 in first-trimester spontaneous abortions and the corresponding immune response. Methods: 100 abortion patients aged from 17 to 47 years were included in our study. The plasma samples (100) were analyzed qualitatively for specific IgG/IgM for B19V, CMV and HSV-1/2 (Virion\Serion, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. B19V, CMV and HSV-1/2 DNA were quantification by Real-Time PCR. Results: No specimens were positive for B19V, CMV, and HSV-1/2 DNA. By serology, 30.0%, 95.0%, 92.0% of patients were positive for B19V, CMV and HSV-1/2 IgG respectively, while 2% and 1% for B19V and HSV-1/2 IgM. Conclusion: The low rate of virus DNA and a high proportion of CMV and HSV-1/2 IgG for most major of abortion patients in this study suggest that B19V, CMV and HSV-1/2 may not be the common factor leading to the spontaneous abortion of early pregnancy. -
Hsv1&2 Vzv R-Gene®
HSV1&2 VZV R-GENE® REAL TIME PCR ASSAYS - ARGENE® TRANSPLANT RANGE The power of true experience HSV1&2 VZV R-GENE® KEY FEATURES CLINICAL CONTEXT 1-5 • Ready-to-use reagents Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV) 1 and 2 and Varicella-Zoster Complete qualitative and quantitative kit Virus (VZV) are DNA viruses belonging to the Herpesviridae • family. Primary infection is generally limited to the mucous • Simultaneous detection and quantification of membranes and the skin. After primary infection, the virus HSV1 and HSV2 persists in the host by establishing a latent infection. In case • Detection and quantification of VZV of chronic or transient immunosuppression, the virus may Validated on most relevant sample types reactivate to generate recurrent infection. Usually benign, • the infections with these viruses can develop in severe Validated with the major extraction and • clinical forms such as encephalitis, meningitis, retinitis, amplification platforms fulminant hepatitis, bronchopneumonia and neonatal infections. • Designed for low to high throughput analysis Various antivirals have proven their efficacy in treating these pathologies when •Same procedure for all the ARGENE® prescribed early and at appropriate doses. In case of severe infections, it is therefore Transplant kits essential to obtain an early and rapid diagnosis of the infection. TECHNICAL INFORMATION ORDERING INFORMATION HSV1&2 VZV R-GENE® - Ref. 69-014B Parameters HSV1 HSV2 VZV Gene target US7 UL27 gp19 protein CSF, Whole blood, Plasma, BAL, CSF, Whole blood, Plasma, Mucocutaneous -
Microtubule-Dependent Trafficking of Alphaherpesviruses in the Nervous
viruses Review Microtubule-Dependent Trafficking of Alphaherpesviruses in the Nervous System: The Ins and Outs Drishya Diwaker 1 and Duncan W. Wilson 1,2,* 1 Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; [email protected] 2 Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-(718)-430-2305 Received: 29 November 2019; Accepted: 15 December 2019; Published: 17 December 2019 Abstract: The Alphaherpesvirinae include the neurotropic pathogens herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus of humans and pseudorabies virus of swine. These viruses establish lifelong latency in the nuclei of peripheral ganglia, but utilize the peripheral tissues those neurons innervate for productive replication, spread, and transmission. Delivery of virions from replicative pools to the sites of latency requires microtubule-directed retrograde axonal transport from the nerve terminus to the cell body of the sensory neuron. As a corollary, during reactivation newly assembled virions must travel along axonal microtubules in the anterograde direction to return to the nerve terminus and infect peripheral tissues, completing the cycle. Neurotropic alphaherpesviruses can therefore exploit neuronal microtubules and motors for long distance axonal transport, and alternate between periods of sustained plus end- and minus end-directed motion at different stages of their infectious cycle. This review summarizes our current understanding of the molecular details by which this is achieved. Keywords: herpes simplex virus; pseudorabies virus; neurons; anterograde axonal transport; retrograde axonal transport; microtubules; motors 1. -
5 Oligonucleotide Applications for the Therapy And
Please use AdobeAcrobat Acrobat isSecuring blocking Reader Connection... documentloading.com to read this book chapter for free. Just open this same document with Adobe Reader. If you do not have it, youor can download it here. You can freely access the chapter at the Web Viewer here. We areFile cannotIntechOpen, be found. the world’s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 5,400 133,000 165M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our authors are among the 154 TOP 1% 12.2% Countries delivered to most cited scientists Contributors from top 500 universities Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI) Interested in publishing with us? Contact [email protected] Numbers displayed above are based on latest data collected. For more information visit www.intechopen.com Please use AdobeAcrobat Acrobat isSecuring blocking Reader Connection... documentloading.com to read this book chapter for free. Just open this same document with Adobe Reader. If you do not have it, youor can download it here. You can freely access the chapter at the Web Viewer here. File cannot be found. 5 Oligonucleotide Applications for the Therapy and Diagnosis of Human Papillomavirus Infection María L. Benítez-Hess, Julia D. Toscano-Garibay and Luis M. Alvarez-Salas* Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F. México 1. Introduction Cervical cancer is the best known example of a common human malignancy with a proven infectious etiology.