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Berlin, Germany Berlin, Germany From a cold war frontier city to shattered global city dreams Berlin is a latecomer to the neoliberal global intercity com- boom in the 1990s, when Berlin became a prime play- drawn to Berlin by the relatively low living costs as well petition. For a long time the urban and economic devel- ground for international architects and speculative real opment of Berlin was unique due to its physical division estate investment, the economic prospects for large parts of new inhabitants has made the city younger and more and outstanding political status during the Cold War. The of the population remain bleak. Hit by an early (partially show-case function of both city halves (West-Berlin as an upswing in housing costs and new socio-spatial di- the “outpost of capitalism” and East-Berlin as as the capi- and massive employment losses in both parts of the city, tal of the GDR) allowed for for a large public sector and a post-wall Berlin has become the capital of poverty. Per - highly subsidized industrial and wealth-production. When capita GDP in the city is some 20 percent below the west ther the city’s once strong progressive social movements the fall of the Wall brought an abrupt end to decades of German level. Problems of industrial decline, infrastruc- nor the current left-wing local government (a coalition of geographical isolation and “exceptionalism” (including tural decay, high unemployment and new and complex the Social Democratic and the Left Party) have a clear- federal aid and protective measures), local elites had to patterns of residential segregation, formerly rather untyp- cut and shared vision on what policy interventions are try to (re)position the city in the national and global arena. ical for Berlin, plague many eastern and western districts, needed and most effective to stop the further displace- both in the inner city and at the periphery. ment of longtime local residents and businesses as well The reunion of West- and East-Berlin produced winners as non-commerical projects. and losers on both sides, and entailed radical socio-eco- At the same time, some islands of economic growth have nomic as well as spatial transformations, leaving the city been developing, particularly in knowledge-intensive - economic activities, tourism and the media industry, but mercial and growth potentials (economic hub and gate- many of the newly created jobs are low-paid and unsta- Germany 357’111Km2 * Inhabitants 81,8 Mio. way to Central Europe, symbol of national unity, etc.) with ble. This development is closely related to the functioning of the city as a highly attractive destination and place of Urban Region 892Km2 * Inhabitants 3’443’570 as an important capital city and an enormous construction residence for artists and students from around the world, Tegel Pankow Flughafen Tegel Wedding Gesundbrunnen BND-Zentrale Transrapid to Hamburg Tacheles Area Hauptbahnhof Skysraper at Alexander Square Alter Schlachthof Kanzleramt/Regierungsviertel Museumsinsel Palast der Republik Kanlzlerbahn 1 Frankfurter Tor Reconstruction of the Prussian Castle „Stadtschloss“ Gendarmenmarkt Love Parade Schließung Stadtring Wilmersdorfer Straße Electronics Fair Christopher Street Day Upper class Residential Space Fanmeile Euro 06 Berlinale Film Festival O2 Arena Agricultural Fair Marathon Lichtenberg station 20 Years without Berlin Wall Festivities 2 Biesdorf-Süd Oberbaum City May 1st Event location Tempodrom Jüdisches Museum Demonstration Spreespeicher Skyscraper at Osthafen, Elsenbrücke Schießung Stadtring Legend Hermanplatz/Kottbusser Damm Urban Region Carnival of Cultures Central areas Bred & Butter Tempelhof urban renewal Karl-Marx-Straße Areas of State-Led Reinvestment / Areas of Urban Regeneration 3 Areas of Private Reinvestment Südkreuz Internationale Gartenbauaustellung / Areas of Intense Neighbourhood Upgrading Trendy Neighbourhoods Gated Communities / Exclusionary Zones Areas of Privatization Stimulating Industry Very High Income Area Schlossstraße Areas of disinvestment Subcentres Strategic Urban Infrastructure Projects Flagship Projects Events Failed and Grounded (large) Projects Informal Settlements Spaces and Places of Resistance / Alternatives * Spaces of “Creative” Alternative Culture scale 1:25.000 * Dangerous Places and Displacement Failed / Flagship Project: Alternative/ Failed / Flagship Project: Trendy Neighborhood / Area of Area of Disinvestment: Prussian Castle / People’s Palace Mediaspree Urban Waterfront Development Disinvestment: Nord-Neukölln Hellersdorf Purpose “reconstruction” of the Prussian Castle as the Purpose large-scale waterfront and “creative cluster” de- Location south-east of inner city districts Purpose North-eastern border of Berlin so-called Humboldt-Forum velopment Location: Mitte district, Unter den Linden Inhabitants 150.000 (79% of children under 15 have a Location: district Kreuzberg-Friedrichshain Inhabitants 72.600 (20% of all children under 15 have Dimensions main area 62.500 m² so-called migration background) Dimensions 180 ha a so-called migration background) Projets costs current of cial budget 550 million Euro Unemploy- 15% Dimensions 2,979 ha (42.9 people per ha) Investors federal government (470 million) and donations Investors 19 large real estate companies and developers ment rate as well as local and federal government-owned (80 million) Unemploye- 16% companies Social assis- 30% (67% of children under 15 live in fami- ment rate Builder federal government (or rather a foundation that tance rate lies on welfare) does not exist yet) Social assis- 23% (45% of all children under 15 live in Architects Franco Stella (and a 60-people planning crew tance rate families on welfare, in some areas more of the Federal Of ce for Building and Regional than 75%) Planning) Description / Reason for this choice / Background / context Description / Reason for this choice / Background / context Description / Reason for this choice / Background / context Description / Reason for this choice / Background / context There have been 20 years of heated discussion of how Berlin’s so-called his- Mediaspree is an area of about 180 ha along the River Spree in the eastern Berlin is the German capital of poverty where 18% of the population receive Hellersdorf, a locality in the district of Mahrzahn-Hellersdorf, is part of a belt of torical centre (this notion itself a construction of history), located in the former part of the inner city that has been historically shaped by industrial sites, trans- social assistance. While the mayor Klaus Wowereit infamously claims that vast prefabricated housing estates, which form the largest agglomeration of Eastern part of the city, should represent the new status and self-conception portation infrastructure and, partially, the “death-strip” of the former Berlin Wall. Berlin is “poor but sexy,” Nord-Neukoelln exempli es the realities and politics this type of industrially produced housing in Central Europe. Completed in the of the capital. In the end, this was mainly fought between the faction advocat- Most of the lots had fallen into disuse and been abandoned. The area has been of the former. Traditionally a working-class district, its populace is marked by 1980s, these estates at the eastern rim of Berlin were part of the attempt of the ing the continued existence of the “People’s Palace” (the former GDR parlia- targeted for a large-scale waterfront development project by the private sector a wide range of ethnic and cultural backgrounds. With massive deindustrial- then socialist government to solve the emerging housing crisis. Their architec- ment) and the one calling for its demolition to make space for a recreation of in order to create a “creative district” consisting of high-value housing, of ces ization since the 1990s many of the local inhabitants lost their jobs, and today ture and urban design catered to the needs of a society with full employment the Prussian Castle that stood there until the 1950s. Finally, the supporters of and spaces of consumption. With the local economy and real-estate stagnat- Nord-Neukoelln leads the city’s poverty statistics. An area of concentrated pov- and collective forms of education and recreational activies. But even back the historical reconstruction of the former seat of Prussian monarchs seem to ing, most planned developments have not yet been realised, due to lack of erty for many years it is stigmatised in the media, often represented as a “ nal in the GDR, these estates were already criticized for being “mono-functional have won. The People’s Palace was demolished in 2008, after the Bundestag demand. However, the area has developed into one of the hot-spots of Berlin destination ghetto” where street crime dominates, school teachers capitulate, dormitory-towns” due to their low residential qualities and a lack of cultural and voted for the Castle’s construction in 2002, and the budget committee gave subculture and nightlife as several distinct temporary users, such as clubs, and migrants establish no-go areas or those much-feared parallel Muslim so- social services (except for children). After reuni cation, these structural de - its approval. The architectural competition is nally over, the team is chosen. Wagenburgen (trailer communities), bars as well as social and cultural initia- cieties. Politicians call for stronger policing to maintain control. Dominated by cits were reinforced by radical societal and economic transformations, leading The government has proclaimed that the construction of the Castle, named tives
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