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2016 State of the Science Workshop Report 2016 STATE OF THE SCIENCE WORKSHOP REPORT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This workshop was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Ocean Acidification Program and the Southeast Coastal Ocean Regional Observing Network (SECOORA). We thank the participants of this workshop and the SOCAN Steering Committee for their review of this document. SOCAN Steering Committee Members: Leslie Wickes, Program Coordinator Abbey Wakely, Program Coordinator Astrid Schnetzer, North Carolina State University Billy D. Causey, NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries Charlie Phillips, South Atlantic Fishery Management Council Debra Hernandez, Southeast Coastal Ocean Observing Regional Association Denise Sanger, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Geoffrey Scott, University of South Carolina George Sedberry, NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries Jack McGovern, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Jay Styron, Carolina Mariculture Company Kevin Craig, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Kimberly Yates, United States Geological Survey Leticia Barbero, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory Libby Jewett, NOAA Ocean Acidification Program Louis Burnett, College of Charleston M. Dennis Hanisak, Florida Atlantic University Paula Keener, NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research Rick DeVoe, South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium Rua S. Mordecai, South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative Scott Noakes, University of Georgia Susan Lovelace, South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium Terri Kirby Hathaway, North Carolina Sea Grant Wei-Jun Cai, University of Delaware William Fisher, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Zackary Johnson, Duke University This report is available on the SOCAN website: http://secoora.org/socan_resources Recommended citation: Wickes, L. (2016) 2016 State of the Science Workshop Report. Southeast Ocean and Coastal Acidification Network (SOCAN). 2 SOUTHEAST OCEAN AND COASTAL ACIDIFICATION What is ocean acidification? NETWORK PURPOSE The ocean absorbs From North Carolina to Florida, the effects of ocean acidification (OA) in the excess carbon dioxide Southeast U.S. are largely unknown. Ocean acidification is a term that that has been describes the change in the chemistry of ocean waters, largely due to increasing in our increased carbon from the atmosphere entering the ocean. These changes in ocean and coastal water chemistry can affect the entire marine ecosystem. atmosphere, The complex physical and biogeochemical interactions of marine ecosystems particularly over the present a challenge to understanding the influences of acidification in last 200 years, from the coastal areas, at both local and regional scales. On January 12 and 13, 2016 the Southeast Ocean and Coastal Acidification Network (SOCAN) Steering burning of fossil fuels. Committee with invited scientific experts held a meeting at the College of As the ocean absorbs Charleston in Charleston, South Carolina to discuss the state of ocean and carbon dioxide it coastal acidification science, priorities and vulnerabilities in the Southeast region. The meeting sought to accomplish three objectives: changes the chemistry 1. Summarize key findings, prioritize research needs, and identify in our oceans. These research and laboratory capabilities to address ocean and coastal acidification research questions; shifts in chemistry can 2. Identify unique aspects of the Southeast region and factors make it more underlying its vulnerability to OA; and challenging for oysters, 3. Identify relevant stakeholders in the region to discuss their concerns related to ocean and coastal acidification. corals and other About SOCAN animals to build and Formed in February 2015, the Southeast Ocean and Coastal Acidification maintain their Network (SOCAN) is an interdisciplinary network of scientists, resource carbonate shells and managers, and industry, non-profit, and government representatives skeletons. dedicated to supporting and encouraging discussions on ocean and coastal acidification in the Southeast region which spans from North Carolina to Florida. With the Southeast Coastal Ocean Observing Regional Association and NOAA Ocean Acidification Program as supporting structures, SOCAN will: 1. Synthesize and disseminate the most recent scientific, technical and socioeconomic information relevant to species and ecosystems that could be affected by acidification; 2. Identify knowledge gaps; 3. Set regional priorities for monitoring and research; 4. Collaborate in the development of a Southeast regional acidification monitoring network; 5. Encourage and support scientific research collaborations and data sharing; and 6. Respond to stakeholder needs, as appropriate. 3 Contents About SOCAN ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ 5 Background ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Proceedings ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Opening Remarks ................................................................................................................................... 7 Topic Sessions ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Chemistry and Other Stressors ......................................................................................................... 8 Fisheries Management Related to Human Dimensions .................................................................. 13 Organismal Response ...................................................................................................................... 15 Ecosystem Response ....................................................................................................................... 17 Modeling ......................................................................................................................................... 20 What makes the Southeast unique? ............................................................................................... 20 Breakout Sessions ................................................................................................................................. 22 Objective 1: Identify key findings from presented sessions, linkages between them and gaps that may still exist ........................................................................................................................................ 22 Objective 2: Key unique/notable characteristics and vulnerabilities of the Southeast ....................... 26 Objective 3: Summarize why ocean acidification matters to stakeholders ......................................... 28 End Products and SOCAN Vision .......................................................................................................... 30 Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 32 Appendix 1: Agenda ............................................................................................................................. 34 Appendix 2: Participants ....................................................................................................................... 36 Appendix 3: Additional Points of Discussion ........................................................................................ 37 Organismal Response40 Ecosystem Response ...................................................................................................................... 41 Modeling ........................................................................................................................................ 41 Appendix 4: References ........................................................................................................................ 44 4 Executive Summary The Southeast Ocean and Coastal Acidification Network (SOCAN) convened a meeting at the College of Charleston in Charleston, South Carolina to facilitate discussion about the state of ocean and coastal acidification science and the vulnerabilities of communities and ecosystems in the Southeast region. Key conclusions from the workshop included: • Ocean and coastal acidification is driven by local and regional processes such as eutrophication, upwelling, and riverine inputs to the coast, in addition to global ocean uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) that is increasing in the atmosphere due to the burning of fossil fuels, land use change, and cement production. Global ocean acidification is an emerging threat that will exacerbate coastal acidification that is already occurring in the Southeast. • The Southeast region is unique within the U.S. because it spans subtropical to tropical climate zones, and displays a broad range of environmental conditions, stressors and gradients. Many species in the Southeast are adapted to highly variable estuarine conditions, including wide fluctuations in pH, but how this affects their vulnerability to ocean and coastal acidification is unknown. • Shellfish and coral reefs, which are important to the culture and the economy of the Southeast
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