EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA.
CHAPTER 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES AND RISK ASSESSMENT
125 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA.
7 Additional Studies
7.1 Risk and Hazard. Common Effluent Treatment Plant rank high on the industrial occupations where on the- job injuries are frequent. The wastewater treatment plant operators are exposed to a variety of hazardous chemical agents, contained within the effluents and the reagents used in the water processing, or generated during the wastewater treatment. These chemical agents may cause acute poisoning, chemical accidents (e.g., skin burns, injury to the eyes, etc.) damage to the respiratory system, allergies, dermatitis, chronic diseases, etc. Wastewater treatment plant operators may also be injured by slips, trips and falls on wet floors; by falls into treatment ponds, pits, clarifiers or vats and by splashes of hazardous liquids; they may suffer cuts and pricks from sharp tools, contusions, etc.
They are exposed to hazards related to work in confined spaces. Other common hazards include electric shock, explosion, entanglement in moving machinery, etc. However, accidents do occur and these can cause serious injury to employees or the public, and damage to property. The public concern at such events invariably leads to call for additional control at national and international levels. It is against this background that the various Section and Rules under the Environment Protection Act, 1986, the Factories Act, 1948 and other Acts specify the requirements for a safe and reliable working of an industry. These require carrying out various studies and analysis to assess and mitigate hazard prevalent in the factory in line with the above goal of safe and reliable working. These are more commonly known as “Risk Assessment Studies”. The following paragraph explains the basis of Risk Assessment and its objectives.
7.2 Risk Assessment Major hazard installations have to be operated to a very high degree of safety; this is the duty of the management. In addition, management holds a key role in the organization and implementation of a major hazard control system. In particular, the management has the responsibility to: Provide the information required to identify major hazard installations. Carry out hazard assessment; Report to the authorities on the results of the hazard assessment; Set up an Disaster Management plan; Take measures to improve plant safety. In order to fulfill the above responsibility, the Management must be aware of the nature of the hazard, of the events that cause accidents and of the potential consequences of such accidents. This means that in order to control a major hazard successfully, the Management must have answers to the following questions: Do toxic, explosive or flammable substances in our facility constitute a major hazard? Which failures or errors can cause abnormal conditions leading to a major accident? If a major accident occurs, what are the consequences of a fire, an explosion or a toxic release for the employees, people living outside the plant premises, the plant or the Environment? What can Management do to prevent these accidents from happening? What can be done to mitigate the consequences of an accident? The most appropriate way of answering these questions is to carry out a hazard or risk assessment study, the purpose of which is to understand why accidents occur and how they
126 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA. can be avoided or at least mitigated. A properly conducted assessment will therefore Analyze the safety concept. Identify the remaining hazard. Develop optimum measures for technical and organization protection in event of an abnormal plant operation.
7.3 Objective of The Study Identification analysis and assessment of hazard and risk are very useful in providing information to risk management. It provides basis for what should be type and capacity of its on- site and offsite emergency plan also what types of safety measures are required. The main objectives of the Risk Assessment Studies are as given below: To define and assess emergencies, including risk impact assessment. To control and contain incidents. To safeguard employees and people in vicinity. To minimize damage to property and environment. To inform the employees, the general public and the authority about the hazards /risk assessed, safeguards provided, residual risk if any and the role to be played in them in the event of emergency. To be ready for mutual aid if need arise to help neighboring unit. Normal jurisdiction of an OEP (On-site Emergency Plan) in the own premises only, but looking to the time factor in arriving the external help or off - site emergency plan agency, the jurisdiction must be extended outside the extent possible in case of emergency occurring outside. To inform authorities and mutual aid centers to come for help. To affect rescue and treatment of casualties. To count injured. To identify and list any death. To inform and help relatives. To secure the safe rehabilitation of affected areas and to restore normalcy. To provide authoritative information to the media. To preserve records, equipments, etc., and to organize investigation into the cause of emergency and preventive measures to stop its recurrences. To ensure safety of the workers before personnel re - enter and resume work. To work out a plan with all provisions to handle emergencies and to provide for emergency preparedness and the periodical rehearsal of the plan.
7.4 Relevant Definitions 1. Accident: An Accident is an unplanned, unexpected and undesired event.
2. Major Accident: A Major Accident as defined by Rule 2 (j) of the Manufacture, Storage, Import of Hazardous Chemicals Amendment Rules, 2000 (MSIHCAR, 2000) means an incident involving loss of life inside or outside the installation, or ten or more injuries inside and/or one or more injuries outside or release of toxic chemicals or explosion or fire or spillage of hazardous chemicals resulting in onsite or off-site emergencies or damage to equipment leading to stoppage of process or adverse effects to the environment.
3. Chemical Accident: A Chemical Accident as defined by the Rule 2 (a) of the Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996 (CAEPPRR, 1996) means an accident involving a fortuitous, or sudden or unintended occurrence while handling any hazardous
127 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA.
chemicals resulting in continuous, intermittent or repeated exposure to death, or injury to, any person or damage to any property but does not include an accident by reason only of war or radioactivity.
4. Major Chemical Accident: A Major Chemical Accident as defined by the Rule 2 (f) of the (Chemical Accidents Emergency Planning Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996 (CAEPPR, 1996) means an occurrence including any particular major emission, fire or explosion involving one or more hazardous chemicals resulting from uncontrolled development in the course of industrial activity or transportation or due to natural events leading to serious effects both immediate or delayed, inside or outside the installation likely to cause substantial loss of life and property including adverse effects on the environment.
5. Hazard: A Hazard is a physical situation that may cause human injury, damage to property or the Environment.
Chemical Hazard:
Chemical Hazard is a hazard due to chemicals (including its storage, process, handling, etc.) and it is realized by fire, explosion, toxicity, corrosivity, radiation, etc. Toxicity level of hazardous chemicals as per Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical (Amendment) Rules, 2000 (MSIHC) is shown in following Table 7-1
Table 7-1: Toxicity Level of Hazardous Chemicals
SR. ORAL TOXICITY DERMAL TOXICITY INHALATION TOXICITY NO TOXICITY LD50(MG/KG) LD50(MG/KG) LC50(MG/L)
1. Extremely toxic > 5 <40 < 0.5 2. Highly toxic >5-50 >40-200 < 0.5 - 2.0 3. Toxic >50-200 > 200-1000 >2-10
6. Risk: A Risk is the likelihood of an undesired event (i.e. accident, injury or death) occurring within a specified period or under specified circumstances. It may be either a frequency or a probability depending on the circumstances.
7. Emergency: An Emergency as defined by Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India is a situation created by a Chemical Accident involving hazardous chemicals, which causes a threat to the safety of workers, residents, environment or property.
8. On-Site Emergency: An On-Site Emergency is caused by an accident that takes place in a chemical installation and effects are confined to the plant premises, involving the people working in the plant.
9. Off-Site Emergency:
128 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA.
If an accident takes place in a chemical installation and its effects are felt outside its premises, the situation there created is called on Off-Site Emergency.
10. Major Emergency: A Major Emergency is the one that may affect several departments within an area and may cause serious injuries, loss of life, and extensive damage to property or serious disruption outside the works. It requires use of outside resources to handle it effectively.
11. Disaster: A Disaster is a catastrophic situation in which the day-to-day patterns of life are suddenly disrupted, plunging people into helplessness suffering and as a result need protection, clothing, shelter, medical and social care and other necessities of life.
12. Major Accident Hazards (MAH) Installations: It is defined by Rule 2 (ja) of the Manufacture, Storage, Import of Hazardous Chemicals Amendment Rules, 2000 (MSIHCAR, 2000) means isolated storage and industrial activity at a site handling (including transport through carrier or pipeline) of hazardous chemicals equal to or, in excess of the threshold quantities specified in, column 3 of Schedule 2 and 3 respectively.
13. Environment: It is defined by Section 2(a) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA, 1986) includes water, air and land and the interrelationship which exists among and between water, air and land, and human begins, other living creatures, plants, microorganism and property.
14. Environmental Pollutant: An Environmental pollutant as defined by Section 2 (b) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA, 1986) means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance present in such concentration as may be, or tend to be injurious to environment.
15. Environmental Pollution: An Environmental Pollution as defined by Section 2(c) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA, 1986) means the presence in the environment of any environmental pollutant.
16. Hazardous Substance: An Hazardous substance as defined by Section 2(e) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA, 1986) means any substance or preparation which, by reason of its chemical or physicochemical properties or handling is liable to cause harm to human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organism, property or the environment.
17. Hazardous Chemical: Hazardous Chemical as defined by Rule 2 (e) of the Manufacture, Storage, Import of Hazardous Chemicals Amendment Rules, 2000 (MSIHCAR, 2000) means: a. Any chemical which satisfies any of the criteria laid down in Part I of Schedule I or listed in Column 2 of Part II of this Schedule, b. Any Chemical listed in Column 2 of Schedule 2, c. Any Chemical listed in Column 3 of Schedule 3.
18. Hazardous Process:
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Hazardous Process as defined in Section 2 (cb) of the Factories Act means any process or activity in relation to an industry specified in the First schedule of the Factories Act, 1948 where, unless special care is taken, raw materials used therein or the intermediate or finished products, bye- products, wastes or effluents causes material impairment to the health of the persons engaged in or connected therewith to Result in the pollution of the general Environment.
19. Occupier:
An Occupier as defined by Section 2 (f) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA, 1986), in relation to premises, means a person who has control over the affairs of the factory or the premises and includes, in relation to any substance, the person in possession of the substance.
7.5 Hazard Identification As proposed project is common effluent treatment facility which does not involve major hazardous chemicals both quality and quantity wise during operation phase. The hazards identified are:
Health hazardous due to leakage of untreated effluent. Health hazard due to used of treatment chemical i.e. lime, alum etc. Toxic and corrosive hazard due to hydrochloric acid handling. Fire hazard due to ignition of flammable chemical i.e. HSD. Electrical hazards due to the electrical major equipment/ machinery, operations, welding, motors, and heavy lift devices, cabling, human intervention (short circuit possibility), maintenance work (due to machinery breakdown etc.), plant lighting related electrical hazards. Possibility of human injury due to working with mechanical machines, manual handling etc. Possibility of injury during chemicals handled, during operations and due to intoxication. Major dropped objects hazard due to large number of physical handling steps / operations involved with crane/ overhead lifting/ hoisting equipment. Fires in any part of the plant working areas - there is a possibility of rapid escalation if it is not brought under control quickly. Possibilities of fire hazards at transformers, switchgear and other electrical equipment etc.
7.5.1 Safety Precautions Following precautions is/shall be taken while storage of chemicals:
The tanks shall be located and marked in the designated area for the hazardous chemical storage. Tanks of proper material of construction will be selected. The tanks shall be filled up to 85-90% of its capacity All tanks shall be uniformly tagged. Level indicators in tanks shall be provided. Dyke wall shall be provided. Industrial type electrical fittings shall be provided. Electrical installation shall be as per hazardous area clarification. Safe working place shall be provided in between all tanks/equipments. Adequate fire-fighting equipments shall be provided.
130 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA.
Anti-corrosive painting to be done. No smoking board shall be displayed. Safety instruction board shall be displayed. Standard Operating Procedure for the storage will be prepared. Proper earthing/bonding shall be provided. Lightning arrestor should be provided. While hazards of other type along with safety measures, flood control measures and earthquake control measures are given in Table-7.3, Table-7.4 and Table-7.5 respectively.
131 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA.
Table 7-2: Hazards and Its Control
SR. NAME OF IT’S IT’S EFFECT PLACE OF CONTROL NO POSSIBLE SOURCE & ON PERSONS EFFECT MEASURES TO BE HAZARD & REASONS PROPERTY & PROVIDED EMERGENCY ENVIRONMENT
1 Fire Transformer Health effects, Transformer *Fire Fighting Transfer oil Damage of near Power Equipment's short circuit, storage facilities control *Graved bed for oil DG fuel etc. and air & soil Centre, fuel spillage or soaking contamination storage isolated fenced area area *Lightening arrestor nearby *DG set for emergency power supply *Lightening arrestor at buildings
2 Spillage of Natural Health effect to Plant area & *First aid available untreated Disaster, human and land population *Security at all the effluent Earthquakes, and water nearby time guarding Manmade contamination. important locations war etc. *extra spare parts will be provided * immediate maintenance will be done
Table 7-3: Flood Control Measures
SR. EMERGENCY HAZARD SAFETY PRECAUTIONS NO. CONTROL
*All electric line cut off / switch off from main supply. *Stop electric power *Give artificial respiration if 1 Electric shock *Inform site main needed. controller for outside help *Shock proof hand gloves should be used if needed
132 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA.
SR. EMERGENCY HAZARD SAFETY PRECAUTIONS NO. CONTROL
* Clean the working place *Start the emergency 2 Slippery Surface *Keep away all persons at safe water tapping assembly points
Table 7-4: Earthquake Control Measures
SR. NO HAZARD SAFETY PRECAUTIONS EMERGENCY CONTROL
* Stop the leakage. 1. Toxic gas release / Minimum stock of chemicals Earthquake * Inform site main controller Fire proof for outside help building
2. Mixing of Safe distance between chemicals *Stop the leakage incompatible Dyke wall at all storage tank of * Inform site main controller chemicals chemicals for outside help
7.5.2 Fire Fighting System CETP management shall take into consideration fire prevention measures at the project planning and during plant commissioning stage to avoid any outbreak of fire.
Table 7-5: Fire Fighting System
SR.NO. LOCATION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER 1 LDO/HFO/Oil storage area DCP/ABC 2 Electrical DB DCP/ABC 3 Electrical panel Dry CO2 4 Office and administration DCP/ABC 5 DG room DCP/ABC 6 Hazardous waste storage area DCP/ABC 7 Vehicle parking area DCP/ABC 8 Security cabin DCP/ABC
133 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA.
7.6 Major Hazards and Damage Criteria Hazard is the associated term with material, which is a measure or the likely hood of the damage to human working with, or studying the material in question. All the probable potential hazardous is classified under different heads.
1) Fire hazards 2) Toxic gas release hazards 3) Explosion hazards 4) Corrosion hazards 5) Biological hazards
7.6.1 Fire Hazards Since the Stone Age term 'fire' is associated with fear. It is very dangerous if occurs in uncontrolled manner. It should be clearly understood that when a liquid is used having flash point below the normal ambient temperature, it could, in suitable circumstances, liberate a sufficient quantity of vapor to give rise to flammable mixtures with air. CETP shall use inflammable chemicals like diesel as a fuel for Standby DG set which may lead to fire hazard. Diesel will be stored in Drum/tank in separate storage area. Rule of no smoking will be observed strictly in the storage area.
Sufficient water storage tank will be designated for emergency situation.
7.6.2 Toxic Hazards Toxic substances affect in three ways by ingestion, absorption & inhalation. Proposed CETP Project may be using lime etc in minor quantity which may be lead to toxic hazard. Adequate provision of safety along with personal protective equipment will be made; breathing apparatus and emergency kit shall be provided.
7.6.3 Explosion Hazards Release of energy in a rapid and uncontrolled manner gives rise to explosion. Proposed project shall not be using any explosive material.
7.6.4 Corrosion Hazards Corrosion is a chemical reaction-taking place at the surface of metal. Proposed CETP shall be using the polyelectrolyte, Alum and lime which is corrosive in nature. These chemicals have their typical hazard when it comes in contact with human tissues. This has adverse effects on weakening the strength of material in contact. CETP will take due care to overcome the hazard i.e. scrubbing system will be provided as per requirement. All the metal units and pipe line will be painted with special type of anticorrosive paint. Good quality materials shall be used for transferring corrosives. Regular thickness testing of equipment, pipelines etc. will be carried out to have the exact picture of effect of corrosion.
7.6.5 Biological Hazards Proposed project is waste water treatment facility which involves the biological activities for treatment of effluent so biological hazards can’t be eliminated. The most common way of biological hazards is by hand to mouth contact during eating, drinking and smoking or by wiping the face with contaminated hands or gloves or by licking splashes from skin or by breathing them in, as dust, aerosol or mist. The major source of biological hazard on proposed site is biological sludge drying bed, filter press, biological storage sump etc.
134 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA.
Practically, complete elimination of biological hazards cannot be possible. It will be reduce by adopting the safe practice guards.
7.6.6 Occupational Hazards and It Control Measure The detail of hazard involved with common effluent treatment plant facility and its preventive measure required to be taken for the health and safety of the workers/operators are given in table:
Table 7-6: Occupation Hazards and Its Control Measure
HAZARDS ACTIVITIES CONTROL MEASURES 1. Slips and falls on floors made slippery by water, 1. Use safety shoes or boots with non- aqueous solutions. slip soles. 2.Falls into ponds, pits, 2. Make area dry as much as possible. clarifiers or tanks causing 3 Railing shall be provided. injuries or drowning 1. Wear personal protective equipment 1. Blows and contusions and chemical resistant clothing to avoid caused by falling heavy exposure of skin or eyes to corrosive articles, including containers of and/or polluted solids, liquids, gases or chemical reagents, or by vapors contact with moving machinery 2.First aid box shall be provided or vehicles 3.Moving parts of machines will be provided with suitable guards 1. Do not mix chemicals without the 1. Hazards related to entry into supervision of a qualified chemist or confined spaces - suffocation safety professional due to oxygen deficiency, 2. Obey safety-instructions regarding poisoning (e.g. by hydrogen the storage, transport, handling or Accident hazards sulfide), etc. pouring of chemicals
1. Check electrical equipment for safety before Use Verify that all electric cables will properly Insulated. 2. Repair and test all faulty or suspect 1. Electric shock caused by electrical equipment before reused contact with faulty electrical 3.All electric line cut off / switch off equipment, cables, etc. from main Supply. 4. Hand siren use to declare emergency Shock proof hand gloves should be used if needed
1. Cuts and pricks by sharp 1. Wear safety goggles in all cases tools sharp edges of articles where the eyes may be exposed to to be plated sharp deposits on dust, flying particles, or splashes of jigs etc. harmful liquids. 2. Injuries (especially of 2. Leather hand gloves during handling eyes) caused by flying of sharp edges articles. particles.
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1. Wear respirator, or gas mask, when exposed to harmful aerosols, dusts, 1. Vigorous chemical vapors or gases Obey safety- reactions caused by instructions regarding the storage, uncontrolled mixing of transport, handling or pouring of chemicals (e.g., if water is chemicals mixed with lime, Alum, during 2. Take extreme care when handling the preparation of reagents highly corrosive and toxic agents such for wastewater treatment. as concentrated acids or alkalis, or when toxic gases may be emitted from the reagents etc. 1. Acute poisoning caused by various chemicals present in 1. Take extreme care when handling the wastes, used as reagents highly corrosive agents such as liquid or released during the and concentrated acids or alkalis, or treatment; a particular hazard when toxic gases may be emitted from is caused by the possible the reagents, etc. release of a number of 2. Obey safety instructions concerning poisonous gases e.g., entry into confined spaces. hydrogen-sulfide etc. 1. Exposure to excessive 1. Preventive maintenance of noise levels from mechanical equipment. equipment. 2. Ear plug and ear muff shall be Physical hazards 2. Exposure to adverse provided. weather (low Or high 3. Vibration pads shall be installed for temperature, rain, snow, high vibrating equipments. storms, etc.)
1. Chronic poisoning by inhalation or ingestion of many of the chemicals used in waste- water treatment 2. Dermatitis caused by 1. Wear respirator, or gas mask, when exposure of the skin to waste exposed to harmful aerosols, dusts, waters, cleaning formulations, vapors or gases. Chemical hazards acid and alkaline s solutions, 2. Only qualified/experience personnel etc. shall be allowed to work for 3. Irritation of mucous critical/hazards operation. membranes (in particular of 3. First aid box shall be provided. the respiratory tract) by acid or alkaline vapors or aerosols, by hydrogen sulfide, and other substances
1. Diseases caused by 1. All workers should undergo periodic Biological hazards infectious agents (bacteria, examinations by occupational physician helminthesviruses, protozoa, and fungi) present revealto early symptoms of possible in the raw wastewater (mainly chronic effects or allergies.
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from human origin)
2. Diseases caused by contact with the toxins 2. Safe manual handling procedure released by the infectious shall be followed. agents
3. Diseases caused by insects or rodents proliferating in the sludge drying beds
Musculoskeletal injuries caused by overexertion while handling heavy loads, such as containers of chemicals, or by awkward working postures (including frequent bending), Ergonomic, etc. Discomfort and Learn and use safe lifting and moving psychosocial and psychological problems techniques for heavy or awkward loads Organizational related to prolonged wear of such as containers of chemicals; use factors protective clothing (including mechanical aids to assist in lifting A heavy boots, aprons and other impermeable pieces), to the bad smells of the wastes, to the feeling of working with "soiled" liquids in a "dirty" and not too "respectable" occupation, and to the 7.6.7 Occupational Health and Safety Program Health hazards associated with the occupation are called occupational hazards. CETP shall carry out the following checks to curb the problem:
a. Periodical medical checkup shall be done for all employees as per requirement. b. First aid training shall be given to the employees. All precautions shall be taken to avoid foreseeable accidents like spillage, fire and explosion hazards and to minimize the effect of any such accident and to combat any emergency at site level. Preventive safety measures shall be taken to minimize the risk of accident with respect to Technical Safety, Organizational Safety and Personal Safety are listed below:
The society shall take all reasonably practicable measures to minimize the risk of such accident in compliance with the legal obligation under the relevant safety. All building plans and installations shall be as per relevant acts and duly approved by competent government authorities. Process and Equipment shall be designed by qualified and experienced professionals and fabricated to applicable national / international codes with stage wise inspection. Hazardous processes shall be operated by trained workers and shall be looked after by qualified & experienced supervisors. Safety features such as fire extinguishers and suitable Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) shall be provided. Regular operations and testing of fire hydrant system and fire extinguishers shall be carried out.
137 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA.
Use of flameproof electrical equipment, flame arresters and breather valves shall be done. Provision of Earthing and lighting arrestor to prevent electrical fires and explosions in flammable chemical storage area areas shall be done. Drums storing hazardous liquid chemicals shall be place separately to confine any spillage and facilitate easy collection. Necessary separation distance shall be maintained. Training of workers and Staff shall be given for fire fighting, work permit system, first aid, safe handling of hazardous chemicals and integrating safety, in all activities. Good housekeeping in plant premises shall be ensured. Accident / Incident reporting system and information of employees about the same shall be done for better awareness. Suitable notices / boards shall be displayed at several locations indicating appropriate hazards warning as well as DOs and DON’Ts for ensuring operational and personal Safety for information of workers / staff and visitors. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) shall be provided to employees as per the job requirements. Strong communication system shall be provided.
7.6.8 Safety Features and Emergency Capabilities Objectives of Emergency Procedures
The objective of the procedure is to define role of key personnel of different services during major emergency to be effectively utilized to:
a. Safeguard lives b. Contains of incident and bring it under control c. Minimize damage to property & neighboring environment d. Rescue & treatment of casualties & evacuation of persons to safe areas e. Identification of affected persons, information to relatives and extending necessary assistance. f. Preservation of information, records etc. which will help in investigation g. Welfare assistance to casualties h. Providing relevant information to police, district authorities and news media i. Passing of information to relevant persons/agencies and warning the persons who are likely to be affected. j. Mobilizing inside resources. k. Initiating and organizing evacuation of affected persons. l. Collecting latest status, other information and requirement.
Basis of Plan and Handling of Emergency a. It is not possible to envisage and detail every action, which should be taken during an emergency. The basic philosophy is to get key personnel of necessary discipline who have the knowledge and background to assess the situation and give directions as per the objectives as quickly as possible. b. The plan identifies the services/departments required to combat emergencies and identifies the key persons to discharge the duties. c. Key personnel have been identified for emergencies and are responsible for providing necessary assistance.
138 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA.
d. Any outside assistance, which RFTP shall get, shall be co-ordinate by the Main Site Controller on duty. e. Messages via telephones are restricted to key personnel only. This is required to keep the telephones free for key personnel to contact for necessary feed-back. f. Senior person who arrives on scene is automatically in-charge for the service group. He should not leave the site without entrusting the charge to his deputy. All the key personnel should be available at the main control room. All key personnel of other services will report to main site controller, who will co- ordinate between various departments and outside agencies. Information About Emergency and Subsequent Actions
a. Any person noticing fire/explosion should shout FIRE, FIRE or HELP, HELP and will activate the emergency bell. b. Inform respective control rooms. c. The Dept. Head will immediately rush to the incidence site to assess and take immediate action required to control the source of incidence. They will also inform Security and administration to come to the place of disaster/emergency and assist them.
Instructions to Employees (Do’s & Don’t) The plan assumes certain discipline at site during emergency as given below; a. Do not get panicky b. Do not approach the scene of disaster as a spectator c. Do not engage phones/ P.A. system unnecessarily d. Non-essential personnel to gather at security gate after receiving instructions e. Do not move here & there unnecessarily f. Do not approach unnecessarily to get information or more inquiry g. Remain at your working place unless called and be attentive to instructions h. Ensure that all contract laborers working in the premises are immediately sent to main security gate. They will receive further instructions from main site controller All non - essential staff members should gather at safe assembly point and wait for further instructions which will be communicated through PA system or by other available means.
Instructions to Contractors The plan assumes certain discipline at site during emergencies as given below;
a. Do not get panicky b. Do not approach the scene of disaster as a spectator c. Do not engage phones/ P.A. system unnecessarily d. Non-essential personnel to gather at security gate after receiving instructions e. Do not move here & there unnecessarily. f. Do not approach unnecessarily for information or more inquiry. g. Remain at your working place unless called and be attentive to instructions h. Ensure that all contract laborers working in the premises are immediately sent to main security gate. They will receive further instructions from main controller and wait for further instructions which will be communicated through PA system or by other available means.
139 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA.
i. All fabricator contractors should ensure that all welding machines are switched off and all cylinders are closed before leaving the working area. j. All civil contractors should be gathered at assembly points after declared emergency.
Mitigation of Consequences During Major Accident No major hazard installation can ever be absolutely safe. Even if a hazard assessment has been carried out, if the hazards have been detected and appropriate measures have been taken, the possibility of an accident cannot be completely ruled out.
So safety systems provide, which can mitigate the consequences of accident or emergency situation.
Other measures for mitigating the consequences of an accident deal mainly with the response to a release of a hazardous substance. In order to be able to initiate counter measures in the event of an accident, CETP shall install various safety systems to mitigate the consequences during Major Accident are as under:
a. First aid handling team available round the clock. b. Alarm System c. Training to all employees regarding emergency preparedness
Emergency Control Centre With List Of Equipment And Accessories Administration office will act as Emergency Control Center. It is equipped with all necessary accessories as mentioned below. (A) Documents
Site Plan List of essential telephone numbers List Firefighting equipment with their location (B) Personal Protective Equipment
Hand gloves Gum boots Goggles Helmets Safety belts Aprons Fire Proximity suit
(C) Equipment List Internal / External Telephone Portable alarm Torches Emergency Cupboard with necessary PPE Racer watches (STOP WATCH)
7.7 Disaster management plan Defining the nature of emergency
Level of emergency can be classified in three categories:
140 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA.
LEVEL - 1:
The leakage or emergency, which is confinable within the plant, premises. It may be due to -
a) Small fire in the plant b) Low toxic gas release for short duration. c) Collapsing of equipment that do not affect outside premises. LEVEL - 2:
The emergency, which is confinable within the plant premises. It may arise due to -
a) Major fire inside the plant premises. b) Medium scale explosion confined to the plant premises. c) Heavy toxic / flammable gas leakage for short duration.
LEVEL - 3:
The emergency, which is not confinable within the premises and general public in the vicinity likely to be affected. It may arise due to -
a) Explosion of high magnitude affecting the adjacent area Heavy / Profuse leakage of toxic / flammable gases for a long duration.
7.8 Structure Of The Emergency Management Table 7-7: Structure of The Emergency Management
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLANT PERSONNEL
Incident Controller Plant Operational Head Accident Site Controller Shift In Charge/Operations I/C Liaison Officer Head Personnel & Administration
Engineering Team Eng; Manager, Maintenance MANAGER
Safety Team Manager Safety, Safety Officers, Firemen.
Medical Team Doctor, Nurse, Ambulance Driver
141 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA.
7.9 Roles and Responsibilities
Table 7-8: - Roles And Responsibilities
S.NO TEAM LEADER ROLE & RESPONSIBILITY 1. INCIDENT Overall In- charge of the control of incidents CONTROLLER On being informed rushes to Emergency Control Centre Co-ordinates with Accident site controller Co-ordinates with Liaison officer Responsible for decision making. Informs the Owners as he feels fit Orders the start of EMERGENCY SIREN Orders the start of ALL CLEAR AIREN Decides and informs Liaison officer the External requirements, communication to be done. Interacts with the Accident Site Controller in his operations. Calls a review meeting to discuss the actions taken during EMERGENCY. 2. ACCIDENT SITE Controls the ACCIDENT SITE. Decides the actions to stop plant & Machinery CONTROLLER with ENGG. TEAM Decides the actions required to mitigate the accident with SAFETY TEAM. Discusses with Liaison officer on the treatment requirements of Injured persons. Obtains the list of missing persons from Liaison officer and informs RESCUE TEAM for search and rehabilitation. Advises Incident controller to Start Emergency Siren Advises the Incident Controller to Blow All Clear Siren Cleans the area of Emergency to restart operations. 3. LIAISON OFFICER In charge of gate traffic regulation at MAIN GATE. In charge of all external communications and facility requirements from outside. In charge of medical treatment to injured personnel. In charge of HEAD COUNT operations to find out missing persons. In charge for regulating the personnel inside the organization.
142 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA.
S.NO TEAM LEADER ROLE & RESPONSIBILITY 4. ENGINEERING Will assist ACCIDENT SITE CONTROLLER in TEAM protecting the Plant & Machinery Will assist in Emergency Shut down operations. Will assist movement of materials reduce the severity of accident. 5. SAFETY TEAM Will assist ACCIDENT SITE CONTROLLER in Mitigating the accident causes-FIRE, TOXICITY, MAJOR SPILLAGES, 6. MEDICAL TEAM Will render medical assistance inside and outside the plant premises. Will report to ACCIDENT SITE CONTROLLER. 7. RESCUE TEAM Will render RESCUE & Rehabilitation operations as per the instructions of ACCIDENT SITE CONTROLLER.
EMERGENCY ORGANIZATION FOR NIGHT SHIFTS, HOLIDAYS ANS SUNDAYS INCIDENT CONTROLLER: The senior person in the service dept. will become the incident controller till the designated person joins. ACCIDENT SITE CONTROLLER: The senior person in the Operations side will become the Accident Site Controller till the designated person joins. LIAISON OFFICER: The senior person of the HR/security will become the liaison officer till the designated person joins.
LIST OF KEY EMERGENCY PERSONNEL AND COMMUNICATION ABOUT EMERGENCY List of key emergency personnel will be informed about the emergency through a group ‘SMS’. Their reply will be recorded.
INFORMATION OF EMERGENCY SIREN LOCATION AND FAQs. (1) What is an Emergency Siren? This system relates to the routine Siren system which is in use for shift and recess. This siren creates the voice after a fix interval for Emergency.
(2) When this system should be used? Always use this system only when a major emergency occurred at the facility.
(3) Who is authorized to operate this system? When major incident occurs, the Security -In -Charge will operate the siren on the instructions of incident controller.
(4) How emergency siren will be operated? > The siren will be operated on a wailing mode (Ambulance Siren)
10 seconds on – 5 seconds off – 10 seconds on - 5 seconds off...for 3 minutes
(5) How all clear siren will be operated? > The siren will be operated on a continuous mode (Ambulance Siren)
143 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA.
10 seconds on – 5 seconds off – 10 seconds on - 5 seconds off...for 5 minutes
INFORMATION OF ASSEMBLY POINTS At the time of emergency, non - essential workers, casual workers, visitors and others are to be assembled to Assembly Points and separate in-charge is nominated.
In case of an emergency, the visitors, contract persons and employees will gather at nearby assembly point. Pre-designated persons will take their roll call. If needed, they can be evacuated easily through any gate in a short period as per instruction of site main controller List of Assembly Point along with accommodation capacity. Two locations are identifying viz. main gate and parking area.
7.10 Public Hearing Public hearing for proposed project of common effluent treatment plant (CETP) at survey no. 694 of Paddhar- Ajrakhapur, Village: Ajrakhapur, Taluka: Bhuj, District: Kutch, Gujarat was conducted on 08/05/2018 at 11.00 hrs onwards at Common Plot no. 1 of Survey No. 694, Village: Ajrakhapur, Taluka: Bhuj, District: Kutch, Gujarat. Shri D.R. Patel, G.A.S., Additional District Magistrate and Additional District Collector, as representative of District Magistrate and District Collector, Kutch has presided over the public hearing process. Shri R.P. Gupta, Regional officer, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, welcomed the participant and explained the procedure of environmental clearance as well aspublic hearing for proposed project in brief and opportunity of the public hearing is being provided to the affected people residing in and around project site as per the aforesaid notification published by MoEF&CC, Government of India. He informed public about publicity done and advertisement given in news papers by Gujarat Pollution Control Board for Public hearing. Then after, with the permission of chairman, he asked the project proponent to make the presentation about the proposed project. After that representative of the project proponent welcomed participants and gave power point presentation in Gujarati language covering introduction of the company, product profile, technical information, details of project, Environmental Management System, its impact on environment along with proposed mitigation measures and Industry’s activities towards social responsibilities. 99 people signed the attendance register and 6 people spoke during the hearing and raised some issues and made suggestions. The proceedings of public hearing and other documents in original shared by PPCB with MoEF&CC are enclosed herewith as Annexure. The various issues/suggestions/objections/opinion raised by the participants and responded by the representative of the applicant during public hearing are as under:
144 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA.
Table 7-9: Summary of Public Hearing Proceeding Sr. Name and Address Point Represented Replies Time bound action plan no from Project Proponent
1 Mr. Rajesh Ahir, This project is very good and it will save a lot of -- Operational cost of 0.5 Taluka Panchayat water, which will also helps in plantation of trees Lakh/year will be provided Member, Village: and recycling water will save borewell water. for greenbelt development. Paddar
2 Mr. Khatri Ibrahim Since 2001, we have shifted to Ajrakhapur -- Eisa, Craftman, village. The central government and textile Village: Ajrakhpur ministry has tried to revive this age old traditional art which was about to die. They have organized exhibition to market and promote the art. The Mega ClusterScheme 2014 was introduced, in which our area is identified under that scheme and issue of water is highlighted in this scheme. I hope that this CETP will be the first such plant in India and it is also beneficial for the artisian, atmoshphere and water. This CETP plant will not only benefit to us but also to the nearby villages and will also be helpful to save ground water. The treated water will be reused in plantation. 30 % recycled water will be used for trees and farm. I hope that this area will be green again. I am very thankful to the Government of India and the Ministry.
145 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA. 3 Mr. Khatri Abdulah We also have our factory at Dhamkada. We are -- Sumar, Craftsman, facing effluent discharge problem here and Village: Dhamkada scarcity of water there. We are glad that this plant will benefit us greatly, and the nearby villages will also take advantage from this.
4 Mr. Ghatit Lehru, the We are delighted for this work that is going on in -- representative of Ajrakhapur. This has been done through a ong Khamir organisation process and vision, in which the village and village committee has taken initiative and others have also joined them and this is the first attempt in the field of artisans. Ajrakhpur has developed a new vision in the field of handicrafts. This effort should progress ahead and craftsmen of other crafts, who are involved in the process of printing and dyeing, we use them to adopt this vision and proceed in this direction. The elders have worked very well and have given leadership to the whole villagers and evolve new model in the field of handicraft. When we go to any craftsman area of Kutch and ask their wish, they express that our desire is to do something life Ajrakhapur. It is humble request to the Government and H.M.C.M that this initiative should also reach to other areas of crafts. The level of work is such that treatment process in it is automized and the treated water is reused. We are involved in art of ajarakha and will also continue in future also. Thank you very
146 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA. much for all of you.
5 Mr. Nasser Ismail I have been here for 6-7 years. A major problem Khatri, Craftsman in craft work is demand of water. When the earthquake hits Dhamakada, part of iron mixed in the water at the lower level ground water. The problem still persists there. But after shifting to Ajrakhapur, problem of iron particle in water has been solved. The treatment plant, which was in operation, was started 2-3 years ago, which treats 50,000 litres per day of waste water and now installation of the big plant is going on. Major areas in craft field are Dhamakada, Anjar and Ajrakhapur. The major problem they are facing is the availability of water. So we hope when the plant commissions it will be very beneficial for future. From this plant, Dhamakada and Anjar will learn to resolve their water issues too. This might help us to enhance our knowledge also. Hope this plant will be 100% successful.
6 Mr. Abdul Rehman We feel that if they operate the plant for 12 Khatri, Resident- months or two years more rather than 6 months Ajrakhapur then our people will become expert. There are 10 members in our committee and 4 months of training to each will be good.
147 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD. EIA/EMP REPORT OF PROPOSED C.E.T.P AT AJRAKHPUR BLOCK PRINTING CLUSTER PROPONENT: AJRAKHPUR HASTKALA VIKAS SANGATHAN (AHVS) AJRAKHPUR PADDHAR, POST: KUKMA, 370105. TAL- BHUJ DISTRICT -KACHCHH, STATE- GUJARAT, INDIA.
Figure 7-1 – Public Hearing Photographs
148 | P a g e CONSULTANT: SHIVALIK SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LTD.