OSE3543 Chapter 2
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Fara Wind Energy Project Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Fara Wind Energy Project Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Report OSE/3543 Chapter 2 October 2013 Project Developer: S & JD Robertson Project Design: Richard Gauld IEng MInstMC BSc(Hons) Dip. GeoSci Dip. DesInn Orkney Sustainable Energy Ltd 6 North End Road Stromness Orkney KW16 3AG Telephone 01856 850054 Facsimile 01856 851239 Email [email protected] Fara Report OSE/3543 Chapter 2 October 2013 Summary: Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment A large 20MW scale wind energy project is proposed for the island of Fara, a low lying island located between south Hoy and Flotta in Scapa Flow; the nearest community is Lyness. The landscape and visual impact of this development is explored, considering the degree of change brought about by the proposed windfarm. Turbine Selection A windfarm has been designed around the Enercon E82 wind turbine, with a 78m tower and an 82m diameter rotor. Seven turbines are proposed for the site, each with a maximum tip height of 119m. This report demonstrates the visual impact of the turbines and explores the relationship with the Orkney landscapes and surrounding views; it is recognised that this is a large development. It is felt that the machines appear appropriate for the proposed location without significant adverse impacts. Impact on Landscape Elements The proposed turbines are to be located on an uninhabited island on an area of land that has been selected to avoid ecological impacts. Fara is defined as a ‘Whaleback Island’ by SNH however within the island itself there are different area, encompassing heather, moorland and grasslands. The project has been assessed to have moderately significant effects on the landscape elements in the area. The Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site is centred upon a group of important archaeological monuments in the West Mainland of Orkney. The project cannot be seen from the principal monuments, and accordingly there is no visual impact upon Maes Howe, Ring of Brodgar, the Stones of Stenness and Skara Brae. The Hoy and West Mainland Orkney National Scenic Area (NSA) has been designated for exceptional scenic quality. The boundaries of the NSA are around 6km to the north of the project, and the special qualities of the NSA are mainly the high hills of Hoy and the coastal communities of Stromness and Rackwick. The Fara project is outwith the NSA and is over 10km from the summit of the Hoy hills. Impacts on Visual Resource of the Area Maps produced to predict Zones of Theoretical Visibility and wireframe topographic studies indicate that the development would be well screened from the main Orkney population centres, due to prominent topographic barriers; views would be mainly of a distant nature. Field study has confirmed that the most significant views would be from Lyness, Longhope and the coastal housing and farms in south Hoy. Views from the main road that follows the east coast of Hoy would be mainly of a peripheral nature, with the route between Longhope, Lyness and north Hoy having the greatest sequential impacts; direct views to the turbines occur only from sections of this road. The potential impact upon the surrounding communities has been thoroughly explored, with 32 viewpoints used to show the degree of impact. Cumulative Impacts Orkney is becoming an area where views of wind turbines are common, with the projects largely located on a variety of hilltop, moorland and island locations. The area around Lyness has seen the beginnings of a renewable energy industry, with growth in marine energy, as well as a single wind turbine constructed at Ore Brae, and a further two turbines consented. A 2.3MW turbine is also positioned on the nearby island of Flotta. The Fara wind farm is Orkney’s first 20MW+ development, and it appears that the site and surrounding land and sea-scapes to be appropriate for the development. 3 Fara Report OSE/3543 Chapter 2 October 2013 1 INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................ 5 2 BACKGROUND TO THE DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................... 7 3 PLANNING AND DESIGN ................................................................................................................... 9 3.1 DESIGN ELEMENTS : SCALE , HEIGHT AND ROTOR SPEED ......................................................................... 9 3.2 TURBINE AVAILABILITY .................................................................................................................... 9 3.3 LOCAL PLANNING GUIDELINES .......................................................................................................... 9 3.4 RELATIONSHIP WITH THE LANDSCAPE .............................................................................................. 10 3.5 ASSESSMENT OF WIND TURBINES IN ORKNEY .................................................................................... 12 3.6 DETERMINING TURBINE SIZE ......................................................................................................... 13 3.7 CUMULATIVE ISSUES .................................................................................................................... 13 4 LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS .................................................................................................................. 14 5 IMPACT UPON LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ....................................................................................... 21 5.1 SOLID GEOLOGY AND SUPERFICIAL DEPOSITS ................................................................................... 21 5.2 LANDSCAPE CONTEXT ................................................................................................................... 23 5.3 LANDSCAPE IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ........................................................................... 24 5.4 LANDSCAPE SENSITIVITY ............................................................................................................... 24 5.5 CHANGES TO LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ............................................................................................. 28 6 IMPACT UPON VISUAL RESOURCE ................................................................................................. 31 6.1 VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ................................................................................. 31 6.2 VIEWPOINT SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................. 31 6.3 ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES TO VISUAL AMENITY ............................................................................... 31 6.4 GRADING OF MAGNITUDE OF IMPACT ............................................................................................. 32 6.5 GRADING OF SENSITIVITY .............................................................................................................. 32 6.6 ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT ....................................................................................... 33 6.7 SELECTION OF VIEWPOINTS AND PHOTOMONTAGES .......................................................................... 33 6.8 SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT ON LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS ......................................................................... 34 6.9 VIEWPOINT IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE ................................................................................................. 34 7 CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ................................................................................................................... 42 7.1 ASSESSMENT OF CUMULATIVE LANDSCAPE EFFECTS .......................................................................... 42 7.2 ASSESSMENT OF CUMULATIVE VISUAL EFFECTS ................................................................................ 43 7.3 ASSESSMENT OF CUMULATIVE SEQUENTIAL VISUAL EFFECTS .............................................................. 48 8 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................ 50 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................................................... 51 APPENDIX A ........................................................................................................................................... 53 APPENDIX B ........................................................................................................................................... 59 4 Fara Report OSE/3543 Chapter 2 October 2013 1 Introduction and methodology 1.1 This report is an assessment of the landscape impacts and of the visual effects of a proposed wind energy project on an uninhabited island located in Scapa Flow, east of Hoy and north of the Flotta oil terminal. This report outlines the proposed project, and then determines the effects on the surrounding landscapes. Assessment of the impact upon a range of viewpoints in the area is then considered, followed by analysis of cumulative and sequential impacts. 1.2 Fara was inhabited between the 1800s and 1965, with basic subsistence farming taking place in the centre of the island during this period. The location of island was strategically significant during the Second World War, and was a base for around 200 military personnel. Military activity was not as high as that taking place at Lyness on Hoy; however a light railway