Appendix 1: History of Drug Discovery and Development
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Immunology New Orleans, LA Toll Free 888.355.4191 Toll Free Fax 888.355.4192 Krogerspecialtypharmacy.Com
Immunology New Orleans, LA toll free 888.355.4191 toll free fax 888.355.4192 krogerspecialtypharmacy.com Need By Date: _________________________________________________ Ship To: Patient Office Fax Copy: Rx Card Front/Back Clinical Notes Medical Card Front/Back Patient Information Prescriber Information Patient Name Prescriber Name Address Address City State Zip City State Zip Main Phone Alternate Phone Phone Fax Social Security # Contact Person Date of Birth Male Female DEA # NPI # License # Clinical Information Diagnosis: J45.40 Moderate Asthma J45.50 Severe Asthma L20.9 Atopic Dermatitis L50.1 Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (CIU) Eosinophil Levels J33 Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis Other: ________________________________ Dx Code: ___________ Drug Allergies Concomitant Therapies: Short-acting Beta Agonist Long-acting Beta Agonist Antihistamines Decongestants Immunotherapy Inhaled Corticosteroid Leukotriene Modifiers Oral Steroids Nasal Steroids Other: _____________________________________________________________ Please List Therapies Weight kg lbs Date Weight Obtained Lab Results: History of positive skin OR RAST test to a perennial aeroallergen Pretreatment Serum lgE Level: ______________________________________ IU per mL Test Date: _________ / ________ / ________ MD Specialty: Allergist Dermatologist ENT Pediatrician Primary Care Prescription Type: Naïve/New Start Restart Continued Therapy Pulmonologist Other: _________________________________________ Last Injection Date: _________ / ________ -
STEM Disciplines
STEM Disciplines In order to be applicable to the many types of institutions that participate in the HERI Faculty Survey, this list is intentionally broad and comprehensive in its definition of STEM disciplines. It includes disciplines in the life sciences, physical sciences, engineering, mathematics, computer science, and the health sciences. Agriculture/Natural Resources Health Professions 0101 Agriculture and related sciences 1501 Alternative/complementary medicine/sys 0102 Natural resources and conservation 1503 Clinical/medical lab science/allied 0103 Agriculture/natural resources/related, other 1504 Dental support services/allied 1505 Dentistry Biological and Biomedical Sciences 1506 Health & medical administrative services 0501 Biochem/biophysics/molecular biology 1507 Allied health and medical assisting services 0502 Botany/plant biology 1508 Allied health diagnostic, intervention, 0503 Genetics treatment professions 0504 Microbiological sciences & immunology 1509 Medicine, including psychiatry 0505 Physiology, pathology & related sciences 1511 Nursing 0506 Zoology/animal biology 1512 Optometry 0507 Biological & biomedical sciences, other 1513 Osteopathic medicine/osteopathy 1514 Pharmacy/pharmaceutical sciences/admin Computer/Info Sciences/Support Tech 1515 Podiatric medicine/podiatry 0801 Computer/info tech administration/mgmt 1516 Public health 0802 Computer programming 1518 Veterinary medicine 0803 Computer science 1519 Health/related clinical services, other 0804 Computer software and media applications 0805 Computer systems -
Computational Approaches for Drug Design and Discovery: an Overview
Review Article Computational Approaches for Drug Design and Discovery: An Overview Baldi A College of Pharmacy, Dr. Shri R.M.S. Institute of Science & Technology, Bhanpura, Dist. Mandsaur (M.P.), India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: The process of drug discovery is very complex and requires an interdisciplinary effort to design Received 12 July 2009 effective and commercially feasible drugs. The objective of drug design is to find a chemical Accepted 21 July 2009 compound that can fit to a specific cavity on a protein target both geometrically and chemically. Available online 04 February 2010 After passing the animal tests and human clinical trials, this compound becomes a drug available Keywords: to patients. The conventional drug design methods include random screening of chemicals Computer-aided drug design found in nature or synthesized in laboratories. The problems with this method are long design Combinatorial chemistry cycle and high cost. Modern approach including structure-based drug design with the help Drug of informatic technologies and computational methods has speeded up the drug discovery Structure-based drug deign process in an efficient manner. Remarkable progress has been made during the past five years in almost all the areas concerned with drug design and discovery. An improved generation of softwares with easy operation and superior computational tools to generate chemically stable and worthy compounds with refinement capability has been developed. These tools can tap into cheminformation to shorten the cycle of drug discovery, and thus make drug discovery more cost-effective. A complete overview of drug discovery process with comparison of conventional approaches of drug discovery is discussed here. -
Opportunities and Challenges in Phenotypic Drug Discovery: an Industry Perspective
PERSPECTIVES Nevertheless, there are still challenges in OPINION prospectively understanding the key success factors for modern PDD and how maximal Opportunities and challenges in value can be obtained. Articles published after the analysis by Swinney and Anthony have re-examined the contribution of PDD phenotypic drug discovery: an to new drug discovery6,7 and have refined the conditions for its successful application8. industry perspective Importantly, it is apparent on closer examination that the classification of drugs John G. Moffat, Fabien Vincent, Jonathan A. Lee, Jörg Eder and as ‘phenotypically discovered’ is somewhat Marco Prunotto inconsistent6,7 and that, in fact, the majority of successful drug discovery programmes Abstract | Phenotypic drug discovery (PDD) approaches do not rely on knowledge combine target knowledge and functional of the identity of a specific drug target or a hypothesis about its role in disease, in cellular assays to identify drug candidates contrast to the target-based strategies that have been widely used in the with the most advantageous molecular pharmaceutical industry in the past three decades. However, in recent years, there mechanism of action (MoA). Although there is clear evidence that phenotypic has been a resurgence in interest in PDD approaches based on their potential to screening can be an attractive proposition address the incompletely understood complexity of diseases and their promise for efficiently identifying functionally of delivering first-in-class drugs, as well as major advances in the tools for active hits that lead to first-in-class drugs, cell-based phenotypic screening. Nevertheless, PDD approaches also have the gap between a screening hit and an considerable challenges, such as hit validation and target deconvolution. -
Medicinal Chemistry for Drug Discovery | Charles River
Summary Medicinal chemistry is an integral part of bringing a drug through development. Our medicinal chemistry approach enables clients to benefit from efficient navigation of the early drug discovery process through to delivery of preclinical candidates. DISCOVERY Click to learn more Medicinal Chemistry for Drug Discovery Medicinal Chemistry A Proven Track Record in Drug Discovery Services: Our medicinal chemistry team has experience in progressing small molecule drug discovery programs across a broad range • Target identification of therapeutic areas and gene families. Our scientists are skilled in the design and synthesis of novel pharmacologically active - Capture Compound® mass compounds and understand the challenges facing modern drug discovery. Together, they are cited as inventors on over spectrometry (CCMS) 350 patents and have identified 80 preclinical candidates for client organizations across a variety of therapeutic areas. As • Hit-finding strategies project leaders, our chemists are fundamental in driving the program strategy and have consistently empowered our clients’ - Optimizing high-throughput success. A high proportion of candidates regularly progress to the clinic, and our first co-invented drug, Belinostat, received screening (HTS) hits marketing approval in 2015. As an organization, Charles River has worked on 85% of the therapies approved in 2018. • Hit-to-lead We have a deep understanding of the factors that drive medicinal chemistry design: structure-activity relationship (SAR), • Lead optimization biology, physical chemistry, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK), pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) • Patent strategy modelling, and in vivo efficacy. Charles River scientists are skilled in structure-based and ligand-based design approaches • Preparation for IND filing utilizing our in-house computer-aided drug design (CADD) expertise. -
Pharmacy/Medical Drug Prior Authorization Form
High Cost Medical Drugs List High Cost Medical Drugs administered by Health Alliance™ providers within physician offices, infusion centers or hospital outpatient settings must be acquired from preferred specialty vendors. Health Alliance will not reimburse any drug listed as a “High Cost Medical Drug,” whether obtained from the provider’s own stock or via “buy-and-bill.” This drug list does not apply to members with Medicare coverage. Information on how to acquire these medications is located at the end of this document. Recent Updates Preferred Contact Drug Therapy Drug Name Code PA Effective Change Vendor Number Oncology – Injectable DARZALEX FASPRO J9144 YES 10/1/2021 CVS/Caremark® 800-237-2767 Added High Cost Medical Drug List Preferred Contact Drug Therapy Drug Name Code PA Effective Vendor Number Acromegaly SANDOSTATIN J2353 YES 7/1/2020 CVS/Caremark® 800-237-2767 Acromegaly SOMATULINE J1930 YES 7/1/2020 CVS/Caremark® 800-237-2767 Additional Products JETREA J7316 YES 7/1/2020 LDD Additional Products PROLASTIN J0256 YES 7/1/2020 LDD Additional Products QUTENZA J7336 NO 7/1/2020 LDD Additional Products REVCOVI J3590 YES 7/1/2020 LDD Additional Products RADICAVA J1301 YES 7/1/2020 CVS/Caremark® 800-237-2767 Additional Products SIGNIFOR J2502 YES 7/1/2020 Accredo® 866-759-1557 Additional Products SPRAVATO J3490 YES 7/1/2020 CVS/Caremark® 800-237-2767 Additional Products STRENSIQ J3590 YES 7/1/2020 LDD Additional Products THIOTEPA J9340 YES 7/1/2020 CVS/Caremark® 800-237-2767 Allergic Asthma CINQAIR J2786 YES 7/1/2020 CVS/Caremark® 800-237-2767 -
Overcoming the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma
cancers Review Overcoming the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma Fatih M. Uckun 1,2,3 1 Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Childrens Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Developmental Therapeutics, Immunology, and Integrative Medicine, Drug Discovery Institute, Ares Pharmaceuticals, St. Paul, MN 55110, USA 3 Reven Pharmaceuticals, Translational Oncology Program, Golden, CO 80401, USA Simple Summary: This article provides a comprehensive review of new and emerging treatment strategies against multiple myeloma that employ precision medicines and/or drugs capable of improving the ability of the immune system to prevent or slow down the progression of multiple myeloma. These rationally designed new treatment methods have the potential to change the therapeutic landscape in multiple myeloma and improve the long-term survival outcome. Abstract: SeverFigurel cellular elements of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in multiple myeloma (MM) patients contribute to the immune evasion, proliferation, and drug resistance of MM cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated M2-like, “alter- natively activated” macrophages, CD38+ regulatory B-cells (Bregs), and regulatory T-cells (Tregs). These immunosuppressive elements in bidirectional and multi-directional crosstalk with each other inhibit both memory and cytotoxic effector T-cell populations as well as natural killer (NK) cells. Immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs), protease inhibitors (PI), monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), Citation: Uckun, F.M. Overcoming the Immunosuppressive Tumor adoptive T-cell/NK cell therapy, and inhibitors of anti-apoptotic signaling pathways have emerged as Microenvironment in Multiple promising therapeutic platforms that can be employed in various combinations as part of a rationally Myeloma. -
Drug Discovery - Yesterday and Tomorrow: the Common Approaches in Drug Design and Cancer
Cell & Cellular Life Sciences Journal Drug Discovery - Yesterday and Tomorrow: The Common Approaches in Drug Design and Cancer 1,2 1 3 Hamad ON *, Amran SIB and Sabbah AM Mini Review 1Faculty of Bioscience & Medical Engineering, Malaysia Volume 3 Issue 1 2University of Wasit, College of Medicine, Iraq Received Date: February 27, 2018 3Forensic DNA for research and training Centre, Al Nahrain University, Iraq Published Date: April 03, 2018 *Corresponding author: Oras Naji Hamad, Faculty of Bioscience & Medical Engineering, University of Technology, Malaysia, Tel: 01121715960; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The process of drug discovery has undergone radical changes and development over years. Traditionally, the drugs were discovered by employing chemistry and pharmacology-based cautious approach. When natural products were the most important source of drugs or drug precursors, but the conventional randomized drug research phenomenon was no longer effective at that time due to many negatives of these approaches like: high expenses of discovering new drugs, time-consuming and reduced success guarantee. Thus, with the development of the era, the concept of “Rational Drug Design” has enabled drug target identification and validation to be more specific. In addition, several novel technologies and approaches have been introducing economics, proteomics and other omics areas such as 3D QSAR, pharmacophore modeling and other, which playing a promising role in accelerating the pace of drug discovery process. Their view of the current -
Current Status of Immunology Education in US Schools And
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2019; 83 (7) Article 6994. RESEARCH Current Status of Immunology Education in US Schools and Colleges of Pharmacy Yuan Zhao, PhD,a Dana Ho, PharmD,a Benjamin Oldham, PharmD,a Bonnie Dong, PharmD,a Daniel Malcom, PharmDa,b a Sullivan University College of Pharmacy, Louisville, Kentucky b Associate Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia Submitted February 2, 2018; accepted June 17, 2018; published September 2019. Objective. To determine the extent of immunology education in US Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programs. Methods. Curricular information on immunology education was collected from the web pages of US PharmD programs (N5142). The data were sorted, comparisons were made, and trends were identified. Results. Of 142 PharmD programs studied, 100% posted curriculum information on their websites. Among them, 73 programs (51.4%) had a dedicated immunology course in their curriculum, either as an independent course or a course combined with another subject. Most immunology education was offered in the first professional year (72.5%). Of the programs that offered immunology as an in- dependent course, the number of semester hours dedicated to the course varied from 1.5 to 3.5 (median53, mode53, mean52.7). More three-year programs offered immunology as a core compo- nent in the didactic curriculum than did four-year programs (64.7% vs 49.6%). Similarly, more private programs offered immunology than did public programs (64% vs 37.3%). Conclusion. Immunology education in US schools and colleges of pharmacy lacks consensus. Not all PharmD programs indicated they offered specific, focused immunology education in their curricula. -
Telepharmacy Rules and Statutes: a 50-State Survey
American Journal of Medical Research 5(2), 2018 pp. 7–23, ISSN 2334-4814, eISSN 2376-4481 doi:10.22381/AJMR5220181 TELEPHARMACY RULES AND STATUTES: A 50-STATE SURVEY GEORGE TZANETAKOS Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa FRED ULLRICH Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa KEITH MUELLER [email protected] Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa (corresponding author) ABSTRACT. There has been a significant decline in the number of independently owned rural pharmacies serving non-metropolitan areas, thereby limiting access to pharmaceutical services for rural residents, particularly for those most vulnerable and in need of these services. The use of telepharmacy is one potential solution to this problem. Telepharmacies deliver pharmaceutical care to outpatients at a distance via telecommunication and other advanced technologies. This study identifies rules and laws enacted by states authorizing the use of community telepharmacy initiatives within their respective jurisdictions. As of August 2016, the use of telepharmacy was authorized, in varying capacities, in 23 states (46%). Pilot program development that could apply to telepharmacy initiatives was authorized by six states (12%). Waivers to administrative or legislative pharmacy practice requirements that could allow for telepharmacy initiatives were permitted in five states (10%). Nearly one-third of the states (16, or 32%) did not authorize the use of telepharmacy, nor did they authorize the pursuit of telepharmacy initiatives via pilot programs or waivers. Keywords: telepharmacy; rule; statute; rural; community; outpatient How to cite: Tzanetakos, George, Fred Ullrich, and Keith Mueller (2018). -
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The Impact of Early ADME Profiling on Drug Discovery and Development Strategy
ADME Profiling The impact of early ADME profiling on drug discovery and development strategy The increased costs in the discovery and development of new drugs, due in part to the high attrition rate of drug candidates in development, has led to a new strategy to introduce early, parallel evaluation of efficacy and biopharmaceutical properties of drug candidates. Investigation of terminated projects revealed that the primary cause for drug failure in the development phase was the poor pharmacokinetic and ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Discretion and Toxicity) properties rather than unsatisfactory efficacy. In addition, the applications of parallel synthesis and combinatory chemistry to expedite lead finding and lead optimisation processes has shifted the chemical libraries towards poorer biopharmaceutical properties. Establishments of high throughput and fast ADMET profiling assays allow for the prioritisation of leads or drug candidates by their biopharmaceutical properties in parallel with optimisation of their efficacy at early discovery phases.This is expected to not only improve the overall quality of drug candidates and therefore the probability of their success, but also shorten the drug discovery and development process. In this article, we review the early ADME profiling approach, their timing in relation to the entire drug discovery and development process and the latest technologies of the selected assays will be reviewed. iscovery and development of a new drug is a lead finding/selection process, which in general takes By Dr Jianling Wang long, labour-demanding process. Recent a minimum of two more years. Typically, the whole and Dr Laszlo Urban Dstudies1 revealed that the average time to process is fragmented into ‘Discovery’, ‘Development’ discover, develop and approve a new drug in the and ‘Registration’ phases.