DOCSLIB.ORG

Metabolische Signaturen Des Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Anhand Von Metabolom-Untersuchungen in Plasma Und Urin

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Metabolische Signaturen Des Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Anhand Von Metabolom-Untersuchungen in Plasma Und Urin Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin Direktor: Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. M. Nauck Universitätsmedizin der Universität Greifswald Metabolische Signaturen des Insulin-like growth factor 1 anhand von Metabolom-Untersuchungen in Plasma und Urin Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Medizin (Dr. med.) der Universitätsmedizin der Universität Greifswald 2019 Vorgelegt von Henrike Knacke geb. am 07.02.1992 in Eutin Name des Dekans: Prof. Dr. Max P. Baur Erstgutachter: PD Dr. Nele Friedrich Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Martin Reincke (München) Tag der Disputation: 29.11.2019 um 13:00 Uhr Ort der Disputation: Klinik für Innere Medizin A, Seminarraum 7.0.15/17 Universitätsmedizin Greifswald INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1. EINLEITUNG ......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Fragestellung ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Regulierung der IGF-I-Sekretion ........................................................................................................ 3 1.3 IGF-Binding Proteins .......................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 IGF-I Signalweg und Effekte ............................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Physiologische Funktionen von IGF-I und assoziierte Erkrankungen ................................................ 6 1.6 Metabolomics .................................................................................................................................... 8 2. MATERIAL UND METHODEN ............................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Studienpopulation ............................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 Phänotypisierung und Labormessungen ........................................................................................... 9 2.3 Metabolomics Messungen .............................................................................................................. 10 2.4 Statistische Analyse ......................................................................................................................... 10 3. ERGEBNISSE ....................................................................................................................................... 12 4. DISKUSSION ....................................................................................................................................... 15 4.1 Geschlechtsunterschiede in der Assoziation von IGF-I mit dem Metabolom ................................. 15 4.2 Steroide ........................................................................................................................................... 16 4.3 Zusammenhang zum Bradykinin-Signalling ..................................................................................... 19 4.4 Aminosäurestoffwechsel ................................................................................................................. 19 4.5 Lysolipide und Fettsäuren ............................................................................................................... 20 4.6 Translation in den klinischen Kontext und Ausblick ........................................................................ 22 4.7 Stärken und Limitationen ................................................................................................................ 23 5. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ........................................................................................................................ 24 6. ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS ............................................................................................................... 25 7. LITERATURVERZEICHNIS .................................................................................................................... 26 8. ANHANG ............................................................................................................................................ 31 8.1 Wissenschaftliche Publikation ......................................................................................................... 32 8.2 Supplement ..................................................................................................................................... 45 8.3 Eidesstattliche Erklärung ................................................................................................................. 56 8.4 Tabellarischer Lebenslauf ................................................................................................................ 57 8.5 Danksagung ..................................................................................................................................... 58 2 1. EINLEITUNG 1.1 Fragestellung Der Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-I) ist ein Polypeptidhormon und wesentlicher Bestandteil der Growth Hormone (GH)/IGF-I Achse. Neben seinen bekannten physiologischen Wirkungen (siehe Abbildung 2) wie etwa der Stimulation von Wachstum und Proliferation, wurden Verän- derungen der Serumkonzentration mit einer Vielzahl bevölkerungsrelevanter Erkrankungen innerhalb epidemiologischer Studien assoziiert. Da bisher nur unzureichende Kenntnisse über die molekularen Mechanismen dieser Beobachtungen vorhanden sind, zielt diese Arbeit auf einen hypothesengenerierenden Ansatz ab. Die umfassende Bestimmung der niedermolekula- ren Zusammensetzung von diagnostisch relevanten Materialien wie Plasma oder Urin mittels massenspektrometrischer Verfahren - Metabolomics - erlaubt eine vertiefende Einsicht in mo- lekulare Vorgänge auch auf epidemiologischer Ebene. Unter Verwendung geeigneter statisti- scher Verfahren lassen sich so molekulare Signalwege identifizieren, die in einem beobachtba- ren Zusammenhang zu Serumkonzentrationen des IGF-I stehen. Die Einordnung der Ergebnisse in bereits bekannte Assoziationen zu Krankheiten und Stoffwechselvorgängen sowie in neue mögliche pathophysiologische Zusammenhänge soll dazu dienen, neue Erklärungs- und For- schungsansätze aufzuzeigen. 1.2 Regulierung der IGF-I-Sekretion IGF-I wird hauptsächlich in der Leber syn- thetisiert (zu ~ 75%)1,2, aber auch andere Gewebe wie beispielsweise das Gehirn, das Myokard, Endothelzellen und glatte Mus- kelzellen in Blutgefäßen, pulmonale, renale und intestinale Zellen, Zellen der Prostata sowie Knochen- und Knorpelzellen sind in der Lage, IGF-I zu exprimieren2,3. Hypothalamus, Hypophyse und die Leber sowie die weiteren IGF-I-exprimierenden Gewebe bilden einen klassischen endokri- Abbildung 1: Endokriner Regelkreis der IGF-I Sekretion. nen Regelkreis (Abbildung 1). Growth Abkürzungen: GHRH = Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone, PTH = Parathormon, EGF-I = Epidermal Growth Factor-I Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) und 3 Somatostatin aus dem Hypothalamus regulieren die geschlechtsspezifische pulsatile hypo- physäre GH Ausschüttung2. GH wiederum stimuliert die mRNA-Expression des für IGF-I codie- renden Gens, dessen Produkt dann sekretiert wird4,5. Wie Abbildung 1 zu entnehmen, tragen weitere hormonelle Stimulatoren4,6 zur Feinregulation der IGF-I-Sekretion bei. Der Regelkreis unterliegt einer negativen feedback-Hemmung: IGF-I inhibiert die hypophysäre GH- Genexpression6, hemmt die hypothalamische GHRH-Freisetzung und stimuliert die Bildung von Somatostatin1,6. Zusätzlich haben auch freie Fettsäuren im Plasma einen inhibierenden Effekt auf die GH-Produktion6. 1.3 IGF-Binding Proteins Die Aktivität und Halbwertszeit von IGF-I wird über sechs IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP 1-6) re- guliert, die sowohl hemmende als auch stimulierende Wirkung auf IGF-I haben2. Weniger als 1% des zirkulierenden IGF-I liegt frei im Serum vor, der größte Anteil ist an IGFBP-3 gebunden (>80%) und bildet einen trimeren Komplex mit der Acid Labile Subunit (ALS)5,7,8, einem Stabi- lisatormolekül, das zur Familie der „leucine-rich-repeat“ Proteine gehört8. Auch die Bindungs- moleküle stammen neben der Leber aus weiteren Geweben und ihre Sekretion wird unter an- derem von GH beeinflusst. Das Verhältnis von IGF-I zu IGFBP-3, die IGF-I/IGFBP-3 Ratio, ist eine Schätzgröße für das freie, biologisch aktive IGF-I8,9, sodass im Folgenden beide Begriffe syno- nym verwendet werden. Für die IGFBPs, insbesondere für IGFBP-3, werden IGF-I unabhängige biologische Effekte wie beispielsweise Inhibierung und Förderung von Zellwachstum und - metabolismus, die Induktion von Apoptose sowie im vaskulären System modulierende Effekte auf Angiogenese und atherosklerotische Prozesse diskutiert2,5,10. Es gibt Erkenntnisse über ei- nen eigenen Rezeptor für IGFBP-35. Inwiefern IGF-I unabhängige Effekte von IGFBP-3 in beo- bachtete Assoziationen mit der Ratio eingehen, ist unklar. 1.4 IGF-I Signalweg und Effekte Der IGF-I Rezeptor (IGF-IR) ist ein Tyrosinkinaserezeptor und dem Insulinrezeptor sehr ähnlich (ca. 55% Homologie der Aminosäuresequenz). Es kann zur Hybridisierung der Rezeptorvorstu- fen kommen, die sowohl Insulin als auch IGF-I binden, jedoch mit unterschiedlicher Affinität.7,11 Die Signaltransduktion des IGF-IR erfolgt im Wesentlichen über zwei intrazelluläre Signalkaska- den. Zum einen wird über die Insulin-Rezeptor Substrate (IRS) 1-4 die Phosphatidylinositol 3’ Kinase (PI3K) und schließlich die Akt-Kinase
Load more

Recommended publications
  • HER2 Inhibition in Gastro-Oesophageal Cancer: a Review Drawing on Lessons Learned from Breast Cancer
    Submit a Manuscript: http://www.f6publishing.com World J Gastrointest Oncol 2018 July 15; 10(7): 159-171 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v10.i7.159 ISSN 1948-5204 (online) REVIEW HER2 inhibition in gastro-oesophageal cancer: A review drawing on lessons learned from breast cancer Hazel Lote, Nicola Valeri, Ian Chau Hazel Lote, Nicola Valeri, Centre for Molecular Pathology, Accepted: May 30, 2018 Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5NG, United Kingdom Article in press: May 30, 2018 Published online: July 15, 2018 Hazel Lote, Nicola Valeri, Ian Chau, Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton SM2 5PT, United Kingdom ORCID number: Hazel Lote (0000-0003-1172-0372); Nicola Valeri (0000-0002-5426-5683); Ian Chau (0000-0003-0286-8703). Abstract Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)- Author contributions: Lote H wrote the original manuscript and revised it following peer review comments; Valeri N reviewed inhibition is an important therapeutic strategy in HER2- the manuscript; Chau I reviewed and contributed to the content of amplified gastro-oesophageal cancer (GOC). A significant the manuscript. proportion of GOC patients display HER2 amplification, yet HER2 inhibition in these patients has not displayed Supported by National Health Service funding to the National the success seen in HER2 amplified breast cancer. Mu- Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at ch of the current evidence surrounding HER2 has been the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of obtained from studies in breast cancer, and we are only re- Cancer Research, No. A62, No. A100, No. A101 and No. A159; Cancer Research UK funding, No.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Response Relationship of Teprotumumab Frst 3 Months, Unless Determined to Be Medically Necessary
    Clinical Pharmacokinetics https://doi.org/10.1007/s40262-021-01003-3 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Pharmacokinetics and Exposure‑Response Relationship of Teprotumumab, an Insulin‑Like Growth Factor‑1 Receptor‑Blocking Antibody, in Thyroid Eye Disease Yan Xin1 · Fengyan Xu2 · Yuying Gao2 · Nivedita Bhatt1 · Jason Chamberlain1 · Saba Sile1 · Suzy Hammel1 · Robert J. Holt1 · Srini Ramanathan1 Accepted: 10 February 2021 © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Background and Objective Thyroid eye disease (TED) is characterized by infammation/expansion of orbital tissues, prop- tosis, and diplopia. Teprotumumab is the frst US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapy for TED, administered as an initial intravenous infusion of 10 mg/kg followed by 20 mg/kg every 3 weeks for an additional seven infusions. The objec- tive of this article is to discuss the pharmacokinetics and exposure-response profle for teprotumumab in patients with TED. Methods A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed to characterize pharmacokinetics and select dosing in patients with TED. Exposure-response was evaluated for efcacy (proptosis response, clinical activity score categorical response, and diplopia response) and safety (hyperglycemia, muscle spasms, and hearing impairment) parameters. Results Teprotumumab pharmacokinetics was linear in patients with TED, with low systemic clearance (0.334 L/day), low volume of distribution (3.9 and 4.2 L for the central and peripheral compartment, respectively), and a long elimination half- life (19.9 days). The approved dosing regimen provided > 20 µg/mL for > 90% insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor saturation throughout the dosing interval. Model-predicted mean (± standard deviation) steady-state area under the concentration-time curve, peak, and trough concentrations in patients with TED were 131 (± 30.9) mg∙h/mL, 643 (± 130) µg/mL, and 157 (± 50.6) µg/mL, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacologic Considerations in the Disposition of Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Preclinical Models and in Patients
    antibodies Review Pharmacologic Considerations in the Disposition of Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Preclinical Models and in Patients Andrew T. Lucas 1,2,3,*, Ryan Robinson 3, Allison N. Schorzman 2, Joseph A. Piscitelli 1, Juan F. Razo 1 and William C. Zamboni 1,2,3 1 University of North Carolina (UNC), Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; [email protected] (J.A.P.); [email protected] (J.F.R.); [email protected] (W.C.Z.) 2 Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; [email protected] 3 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-919-966-5242; Fax: +1-919-966-5863 Received: 30 November 2018; Accepted: 22 December 2018; Published: 1 January 2019 Abstract: The rapid advancement in the development of therapeutic proteins, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), has created a novel mechanism to selectively deliver highly potent cytotoxic agents in the treatment of cancer. These agents provide numerous benefits compared to traditional small molecule drugs, though their clinical use still requires optimization. The pharmacology of mAbs/ADCs is complex and because ADCs are comprised of multiple components, individual agent characteristics and patient variables can affect their disposition. To further improve the clinical use and rational development of these agents, it is imperative to comprehend the complex mechanisms employed by antibody-based agents in traversing numerous biological barriers and how agent/patient factors affect tumor delivery, toxicities, efficacy, and ultimately, biodistribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Etude Des Résistances Adaptatives Aux Inhibiteurs De Tyrosine Kinase De L’EGFR Dans Les Cancers Bronchiques
    Thèse d’exercice Faculté de Pharmacie Année 2020 Thèse N° MÉMOIRE DU DIPLÔME D'ÉTUDES SPÉCIALISÉES D’INNOVATION PHARMACEUTIQUE ET RECHERCHE TENANT LIEU DE THÈSE D’EXERCICE POUR LE DIPLÔME D’ÉTAT DE DOCTEUR ENPHARMACIE Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 24 septembre 2020 par Sarah FIGAROL Née le 19 septembre 1989 à Toulouse Etude des résistances adaptatives aux inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinase de l’EGFR dans les cancers bronchiques Thèse dirigée par Gilles Favre Examinateurs : M. Franck Saint-Marcoux, président du jury M.Gilles Favre, directeur de thèse M. Jean-Marie Canonge, juge M. Julien Mazières, juge M. Antonio Maraver, juge Thèse d’exercice Faculté de Pharmacie Année 2020 Thèse N° MÉMOIRE DU DIPLÔME D'ÉTUDES SPÉCIALISÉES D’INNOVATION PHARMACEUTIQUE ET RECHERCHE TENANT LIEU DE THÈSE D’EXERCICE POUR LE DIPLÔME D’ÉTAT DE DOCTEUR ENPHARMACIE Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 24 septembre 2020 par Sarah FIGAROL Née le 19 septembre 1989 à Toulouse Etude des résistances adaptatives aux inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinase de l’EGFR dans les cancers bronchiques Thèse dirigée par Gilles Favre Examinateurs : M. Franck Saint-Marcoux, président du jury M.Gilles Favre, directeur de thèse M. Jean-Marie Canonge, juge M. Julien Mazières, juge M. Antonio Maraver, juge Sarah FIGAROL | Thèse d’exercice | Université de Limoges |2020 3 Licence CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 Liste des enseignants Le 1er septembre 2019 PROFESSEURS : BATTU Serge CHIMIE ANALYTIQUE CARDOT Philippe CHIMIE ANALYTIQUE ET BROMATOLOGIE DESMOULIERE Alexis PHYSIOLOGIE DUROUX Jean-Luc BIOPHYSIQUE,
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Biological Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer After First-Line Treatment: a Meta-Analysis of Randomised Trials
    REVIEW British Journal of Cancer (2014) 111, 1122–1131 | doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.404 Keywords: colorectal; biological; meta-analysis The role of biological therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer after first-line treatment: a meta-analysis of randomised trials E Segelov1, D Chan*,2, J Shapiro3, T J Price4, C S Karapetis5, N C Tebbutt6 and N Pavlakis2 1St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; 2Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; 3Monash University and Cabrini Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; 4The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and University of Adelaide, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia; 5Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia and 6Austin Health, VIC 3084, Australia Purpose: Biologic agents have achieved variable results in relapsed metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Systematic meta-analysis was undertaken to determine the efficacy of biological therapy. Methods: Major databases were searched for randomised studies of mCRC after first-line treatment comparing (1) standard treatment plus biologic agent with standard treatment or (2) standard treatment with biologic agent with the same treatment with different biologic agent(s). Data were extracted on study design, participants, interventions and outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the MERGE criteria. Comparable data were pooled for meta-analysis. Results: Twenty eligible studies with 8225 patients were identified. The use of any biologic therapy improved overall survival with hazard ratio (HR) 0.87 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82–0.91, Po0.00001), progression-free survival (PFS) with HR 0.71 (95% CI 0.67–0.74, Po0.0001) and overall response rate (ORR) with odds ratio (OR) 2.38 (95% CI 2.03–2.78, Po0.00001).
    [Show full text]
  • Oregon Medicaid Pharmaceutical Services Prior Authorization Criteria
    Oregon Medicaid Pharmaceutical Services Prior Authorization Criteria HEALTH SYSTEMS DIVISION Prior authorization (PA) criteria for fee-for-service prescriptions for Oregon Health Plan clients March 1, 2021 Contents Contents ................................................................................................................................................................ 2 Introduction........................................................................................................................................................... 7 About this guide ......................................................................................................................................... 7 How to use this guide ................................................................................................................................. 7 Administrative rules and supplemental information .................................................................................. 7 Update information............................................................................................................................................... 8 Effective March 1, 2021 ............................................................................................................................ 8 Substantive updates and new criteria ............................................................................................. 8 Clerical changes ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • IGF System in Sarcomas: a Crucial Pathway with Many Unknowns to Exploit for Therapy
    61 1 Journal of Molecular C Mancarella and Targeting IGF system in sarcoma 61:1 T45–T60 Endocrinology K Scotlandi THEMATIC REVIEW 40 YEARS OF IGF1 IGF system in sarcomas: a crucial pathway with many unknowns to exploit for therapy Caterina Mancarella and Katia Scotlandi Experimental Oncology Lab, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy Correspondence should be addressed to K Scotlandi: [email protected] This paper forms part of a special section on 40 Years of IGF1. The guest editors for this section were Derek LeRoith and Emily Gallagher. Abstract The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has gained substantial interest due to its Key Words involvement in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and survival during anoikis f sarcomas and after conventional and targeted therapies. However, results from clinical trials have f IGF system been largely disappointing, with only a few but notable exceptions, such as trials targeting f targeted therapy sarcomas, especially Ewing sarcoma. This review highlights key studies focusing on IGF f clinical trials signaling in sarcomas, specifically studies underscoring the properties that make this system an attractive therapeutic target and identifies new relationships that may be exploited. This review discusses the potential roles of IGF2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs), discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) and metalloproteinase pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) in regulating the IGF system. Deeper investigation of these novel regulators of the IGF system may help us to further elucidate the spatial and temporal control of the IGF Journal of Molecular axis, as understanding the control of this axis is essential for future clinical studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Interim Report for the First Quarter of 2020
    Genmab Announces Financial Results for the First Quarter of 2020 May 6, 2020; Copenhagen, Denmark; Interim Report for the First Quarter Ended March 31, 2020 Highlights DARZALEX® (daratumumab) net sales increased approximately 49% compared to the first quarter of 2019 to USD 937 million, resulting in royalty income of DKK 775 million DARZALEX approved in Europe in combination with bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who are eligible for autologous stem cell transplant U.S. FDA approved TEPEZZA™ (teprotumumab-trbw), developed and commercialized by Horizon Therapeutics, for thyroid eye disease U.S. FDA accepted, with priority review, Novartis’ supplemental Biologics License Application for subcutaneous ofatumumab in relapsing multiple sclerosis Anthony Pagano appointed Chief Financial Officer Anthony Mancini appointed Chief Operating Officer “Despite the unprecedented challenges posed by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, we will continue to invest in our innovative proprietary products, technologies and capabilities and use our world-class expertise in antibody drug development to create truly differentiated products with the potential to help cancer patients. While Genmab is closely monitoring the developments in the rapidly evolving landscape, we are extremely fortunate to have a solid financial foundation and a fabulous and committed team to carry us through these uncertain times,” said Jan van de Winkel, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer of Genmab. Financial Performance First Quarter of 2020 Revenue was DKK 892 million in the first quarter of 2020 compared to DKK 591 million in the first quarter of 2019. The increase of DKK 301 million, or 51%, was mainly driven by higher DARZALEX royalties.
    [Show full text]
  • Therapeutic Targeting of the IGF Axis
    cells Review Therapeutic Targeting of the IGF Axis Eliot Osher and Valentine M. Macaulay * Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-1865617337 Received: 8 July 2019; Accepted: 9 August 2019; Published: 14 August 2019 Abstract: The insulin like growth factor (IGF) axis plays a fundamental role in normal growth and development, and when deregulated makes an important contribution to disease. Here, we review the functions mediated by ligand-induced IGF axis activation, and discuss the evidence for the involvement of IGF signaling in the pathogenesis of cancer, endocrine disorders including acromegaly, diabetes and thyroid eye disease, skin diseases such as acne and psoriasis, and the frailty that accompanies aging. We discuss the use of IGF axis inhibitors, focusing on the different approaches that have been taken to develop effective and tolerable ways to block this important signaling pathway. We outline the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, and discuss progress in evaluating these agents, including factors that contributed to the failure of many of these novel therapeutics in early phase cancer trials. Finally, we summarize grounds for cautious optimism for ongoing and future studies of IGF blockade in cancer and non-malignant disorders including thyroid eye disease and aging. Keywords: IGF; type 1 IGF receptor; IGF-1R; cancer; acromegaly; ophthalmopathy; IGF inhibitor 1. Introduction Insulin like growth factors (IGFs) are small (~7.5 kDa) ligands that play a critical role in many biological processes including proliferation and protection from apoptosis and normal somatic growth and development [1]. IGFs are members of a ligand family that includes insulin, a dipeptide comprised of A and B chains linked via two disulfide bonds, with a third disulfide linkage within the A chain.
    [Show full text]
  • Correlation Between Gene Expression of IGF-1R Pathway Markers and Cetuximab Benefit in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
    Published OnlineFirst January 31, 2012; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-1135 Clinical Cancer Predictive Biomarkers and Personalized Medicine Research Correlation between Gene Expression of IGF-1R Pathway Markers and Cetuximab Benefit in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Fei Huang, Li-an Xu, and Shirin Khambata-Ford Abstract Purpose: This study examined potential correlations between markers related to the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) pathway and clinical benefit from the anti–epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Experimental Design: Gene expression profiles for 70 pretreatment specimens from metastatic lesions of patients with chemorefractory mCRC receiving cetuximab monotherapy were analyzed using 74 predefined Gene-Chip probesets representing 33 unique IGF-1R pathway markers to determine correlations with progression-free survival (PFS) and disease control rate. Results: Higher IGF-1R, higher GRB7, and lower INSIG2 expression were associated with longer PFS with cetuximab in univariate analyses, particularly in patients with wild-type K-Ras tumors: median, 122 versus 60 days (P ¼ 0.01), 122 versus 57 days (P ¼ 0.011), and 57 versus 156 days (P < 0.0001), favoring higher IGF- 1R, higher GRB7, and lower INSIG2 expression, respectively. Lower IGF-1 expression was associated with a PFS benefit with cetuximab, whereas lower IGFBP3 and INSR expression levels showed trends for a PFS benefit. Lower INSIG2 expression (vs. higher expression) was associated with greater PFS in the high epiregulin-expressing group (P ¼ 0.001), but not in the low-expressing cohort suggesting an effect independent from the previously reported effect of epiregulin expression.
    [Show full text]
  • Primary and Acquired Resistance to Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer: Unveiling the Mechanisms Underlying of Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy
    cancers Review Primary and Acquired Resistance to Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer: Unveiling the Mechanisms Underlying of Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy Laura Boyero 1 , Amparo Sánchez-Gastaldo 2, Miriam Alonso 2, 1 1,2,3, , 1,2, , José Francisco Noguera-Uclés , Sonia Molina-Pinelo * y and Reyes Bernabé-Caro * y 1 Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013 Seville, Spain; [email protected] (L.B.); [email protected] (J.F.N.-U.) 2 Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Seville, Spain; [email protected] (A.S.-G.); [email protected] (M.A.) 3 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.M.-P.); [email protected] (R.B.-C.) These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 16 November 2020; Accepted: 9 December 2020; Published: 11 December 2020 Simple Summary: Immuno-oncology has redefined the treatment of lung cancer, with the ultimate goal being the reactivation of the anti-tumor immune response. This has led to the development of several therapeutic strategies focused in this direction. However, a high percentage of lung cancer patients do not respond to these therapies or their responses are transient. Here, we summarized the impact of immunotherapy on lung cancer patients in the latest clinical trials conducted on this disease. As well as the mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to immunotherapy in this disease. Abstract: After several decades without maintained responses or long-term survival of patients with lung cancer, novel therapies have emerged as a hopeful milestone in this research field.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth Hormone Enhances Hepatic Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Concentration in Mice
    Growth hormone enhances hepatic epidermal growth factor receptor concentration in mice. J O Jansson, … , W G Beamer, L A Frohman J Clin Invest. 1988;82(6):1871-1876. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI113804. Research Article The effect of growth hormone (GH) on binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to liver membrane preparations was investigated in hypophysectomized mice and partially GH-deficient, genetic mutant "little" (lit/lit) mice. The EGF binding of normal male mice and testosterone-treated females was higher than in normal females. Due to diminished receptor concentration, hepatic EGF binding was decreased in male and female lit/lit mice to a level that was unaffected by gender or androgen treatment. GH replacement therapy by intermittent injections and continuous infusion restored the EGF binding of hypophysectomized mice to normal male and female levels, respectively, suggesting a role for the more pulsatile GH secretion in normal males. In lit/lit mice, however, both continuous and intermittent GH resulted in EGF binding levels comparable to those in normal females. In normal males continuous GH suppressed EGF binding. In conclusion, endogenous GH secretion induces EGF receptors in mice and this effect may be modulated by sex differences in GH secretion. Find the latest version: https://jci.me/113804/pdf Growth Hormone Enhances Hepatic Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Concentration in Mice John-Olov Jansson,** Staffan Ekberg,t Steven B. Hoath,* Wesley G. Beamer," and Lawrence A. Frohman* Divisions of*Endocrinology and ONeonatology, University of Cincinnati College ofMedicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; "Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609; and tDepartment ofPhysiology, University ofGoteborg, Sweden Abstract (IGF-I), which may function in a paracrine and autocrine as well as endocrine manner (6-8).
    [Show full text]