The Leipzig Glossing Rules: Conventions for Interlinear Morpheme-By-Morpheme Glosses
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction My subject—inWxation—is at once exotic and familiar. Russell Ultan in his pioneering study of the typology of inWxation (1975) noted that inWxes are rare compared to the frequency of other aYxes. The presence of inWxes in any language implies the presence of suYxes and/or preWxes, and no languages employ inWxation exclusively (Greenberg 1966: 92). The term ‘inWxation’ is also less familiar to students of linguistics than are such terms as preWxation and suYxation. The Oxford English Dictionary goes as far as deWning inWxes as what preWxes and suYxes are not: A modifying element inserted in the body of a word, instead of being preWxed or suYxed to the stem. (May 14, 2003 Web edition) InWxes are not at all diYcult to Wnd, however. English-speaking readers will no doubt recognize some, if not all, of the following inWxation constructions: (1) Expletive inWxation (McCarthy 1982) impo´rtant im-bloody-po´rtant fanta´stic fan-fuckin-ta´stic perha´ps per-bloody-ha´ps Kalamazo´o Kalama-goddamn-zo´o Tatamago´uchee Tatama-fuckin-go´uchee (2) Homer-ic inWxation (Yu 2004b) saxophone saxomaphone telephone telemaphone violin viomalin Michaelangelo Michamalangelo (3) Hip-hop iz-inWxation (Viau 2002) house hizouse bitch bizitch soldiers sizoldiers ahead ahizead 2 Introduction Given the relative rarity of inWxes in the world’s languages, it is perhaps not surprising that inWxes are often aVorded a lesser consideration. Yet their richness and complexity have nonetheless captured the imaginations of many linguists. Hidden behind the veil of simplicity implied in the term ‘inWx’, which suggests a sense of uniformity on par with that of preWxes and suYxes, is the diversity of the positions where inWxes are found relative to the stem. -
Classifiers: a Typology of Noun Categorization Edward J
Western Washington University Western CEDAR Modern & Classical Languages Humanities 3-2002 Review of: Classifiers: A Typology of Noun Categorization Edward J. Vajda Western Washington University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/mcl_facpubs Part of the Modern Languages Commons Recommended Citation Vajda, Edward J., "Review of: Classifiers: A Typology of Noun Categorization" (2002). Modern & Classical Languages. 35. https://cedar.wwu.edu/mcl_facpubs/35 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Humanities at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in Modern & Classical Languages by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. J. Linguistics38 (2002), I37-172. ? 2002 CambridgeUniversity Press Printedin the United Kingdom REVIEWS J. Linguistics 38 (2002). DOI: Io.IOI7/So022226702211378 ? 2002 Cambridge University Press Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald, Classifiers: a typology of noun categorization devices.Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press, 2000. Pp. xxvi+ 535. Reviewedby EDWARDJ. VAJDA,Western Washington University This book offers a multifaceted,cross-linguistic survey of all types of grammaticaldevices used to categorizenouns. It representsan ambitious expansion beyond earlier studies dealing with individual aspects of this phenomenon, notably Corbett's (I99I) landmark monograph on noun classes(genders), Dixon's importantessay (I982) distinguishingnoun classes fromclassifiers, and Greenberg's(I972) seminalpaper on numeralclassifiers. Aikhenvald'sClassifiers exceeds them all in the number of languages it examines and in its breadth of typological inquiry. The full gamut of morphologicalpatterns used to classify nouns (or, more accurately,the referentsof nouns)is consideredholistically, with an eye towardcategorizing the categorizationdevices themselvesin terms of a comprehensiveframe- work. -
Conditional Tenses: -Nge-, -Ngali- and -Ki- Tenses and Their Negations
Chapter 32 Conditional Tenses: -nge-, -ngali- and -ki- Tenses and Their Negations n this chapter, we will learn how to use conditional tenses: the -nge-, I-ngali- and -ki- tenses. These tenses indicate a condition, hypothesis or an assumption. The -nge- tense shows a condition in the present tense eg: If I were to study, etc. while the -ngali- tense shows a condition in the past tense eg: If I had studied, etc. We will also discuss the -ki- tense which shows a condition in the present tense which has future implica- tions eg: If I study, etc. Also, the word kama can be used with both the affirmative and negative conditional tenses to emphasize the conditional- ity. In addition, the -ki- tense can also be used as a present participle tense which will also be discussed in this chapter. Note that in conditional clauses, past tense shows a present condi- tion, a past perfect tense shows a past condition while a present tense shows a future condition. Section A: -nge- Tense The -nge- tense is used to show a hypothesis in the present tense. Similar to other tense markers, sentences using -nge- tense markers are con- structed in the following manner. Subject Prefix + -nge- Tense Marker + Verb Copyright © 2014. UPA. All rights reserved. © 2014. UPA. All rights Copyright Example: Ningesoma vizuri, ningefaulu. If I were to study well, I would pass. Almasi, Oswald, et al. <i>Swahili Grammar for Introductory and Intermediate Levels : Sarufi ya Kiswahili cha Ngazi ya Kwanza na Kati</i>, UPA, 2014. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/hselibrary-ebooks/detail.action?docID=1810394. -
USAN Naming Guidelines for Monoclonal Antibodies |
Monoclonal Antibodies In October 2008, the International Nonproprietary Name (INN) Working Group Meeting on Nomenclature for Monoclonal Antibodies (mAb) met to review and streamline the monoclonal antibody nomenclature scheme. Based on the group's recommendations and further discussions, the INN Experts published changes to the monoclonal antibody nomenclature scheme. In 2011, the INN Experts published an updated "International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for Biological and Biotechnological Substances—A Review" (PDF) with revisions to the monoclonal antibody nomenclature scheme language. The USAN Council has modified its own scheme to facilitate international harmonization. This page outlines the updated scheme and supersedes previous schemes. It also explains policies regarding post-translational modifications and the use of 2-word names. The council has no plans to retroactively change names already coined. They believe that changing names of monoclonal antibodies would confuse physicians, other health care professionals and patients. Manufacturers should be aware that nomenclature practices are continually evolving. Consequently, further updates may occur any time the council believes changes are necessary. Changes to the monoclonal antibody nomenclature scheme, however, should be carefully considered and implemented only when necessary. Elements of a Name The suffix "-mab" is used for monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments and radiolabeled antibodies. For polyclonal mixtures of antibodies, "-pab" is used. The -pab suffix applies to polyclonal pools of recombinant monoclonal antibodies, as opposed to polyclonal antibody preparations isolated from blood. It differentiates polyclonal antibodies from individual monoclonal antibodies named with -mab. Sequence of Stems and Infixes The order for combining the key elements of a monoclonal antibody name is as follows: 1. -
S 3 Halle Saale
MDSB Jahresfahrplan 2018 gültig: 10.12.2017 - 29.09.2018 Zugtyp S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) S (3) Zugnummer 37378 37380 37382 37384 37386 37388 37300 37302 37304 37306 37308 37310 37312 37312 37314 37314 37316 37316 37318 37320 37322 37324 37326 37328 37330 37332 W(Sa) Sa+S Sa+S W(Sa) Sa+S W(Sa) W(Sa) W(Sa) Sa+S W(Sa) Sa+S W(Sa) Sa+S Gültigkeit 11.12.2017- 10.12.2017- 10.12.2017- 11.12.2017- 10.12.2017- 11.12.2017- 11.12.2017- 11.12.2017- 10.12.2017- 11.12.2017- 10.12.2017- 11.12.2017- 10.12.2017- 28.... ►2 29.0... ►1 29.0... ►1 28.... ►2 29.0... ►1 28.... ►2 28.... ►2 28.... ►2 29.0... ►1 28.... ►2 29.0... ►1 28.... ►2 29.0... ►1 Borna (b Borna (b Von: Geithain Leipzig) Leipzig) Gaschwitz 23:34 0:43 3:00 6:43 7:13 7:43 Markkleeberg-Großstädteln 23:37 0:46 3:03 6:46 7:16 7:46 Markkleeberg 23:39 0:48 3:05 6:48 7:18 7:48 Markkleeberg N 23:41 0:50 3:07 6:49 7:19 7:49 Lpz-Connewitz o 23:43 0:52 3:09 6:51 7:21 7:51 Lpz-Connewitz 23:44 1:09 0:53 2:19 3:23 3:10 3:50 4:22 4:52 5:22 5:52 6:22 6:52 6:52 7:22 7:22 7:52 7:52 8:22 8:52 9:22 9:52 10:22 10:52 11:22 11:52 Leipzig-Stötteritz | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||| L Völkerschlacht | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||| Leipzig MDR 23:46 1:12 0:56 2:22 3:26 3:13 3:53 4:25 4:55 5:25 5:55 6:25 6:55 6:55 7:25 7:25 7:55 7:55 8:25 8:55 9:25 9:55 10:25 10:55 11:25 11:55 Leipzig Bayer Bf 23:48 1:14 0:58 2:24 3:28 3:15 3:55 4:27 4:57 5:27 5:57 6:27 6:57 6:57 7:27 7:27 7:57 7:57 8:27 8:57 -
The Aslian Languages of Malaysia and Thailand: an Assessment
Language Documentation and Description ISSN 1740-6234 ___________________________________________ This article appears in: Language Documentation and Description, vol 11. Editors: Stuart McGill & Peter K. Austin The Aslian languages of Malaysia and Thailand: an assessment GEOFFREY BENJAMIN Cite this article: Geoffrey Benjamin (2012). The Aslian languages of Malaysia and Thailand: an assessment. In Stuart McGill & Peter K. Austin (eds) Language Documentation and Description, vol 11. London: SOAS. pp. 136-230 Link to this article: http://www.elpublishing.org/PID/131 This electronic version first published: July 2014 __________________________________________________ This article is published under a Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial). The licence permits users to use, reproduce, disseminate or display the article provided that the author is attributed as the original creator and that the reuse is restricted to non-commercial purposes i.e. research or educational use. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ______________________________________________________ EL Publishing For more EL Publishing articles and services: Website: http://www.elpublishing.org Terms of use: http://www.elpublishing.org/terms Submissions: http://www.elpublishing.org/submissions The Aslian languages of Malaysia and Thailand: an assessment Geoffrey Benjamin Nanyang Technological University and Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore 1. Introduction1 The term ‘Aslian’ refers to a distinctive group of approximately 20 Mon- Khmer languages spoken in Peninsular Malaysia and the isthmian parts of southern Thailand.2 All the Aslian-speakers belong to the tribal or formerly- 1 This paper has undergone several transformations. The earliest version was presented at the Workshop on Endangered Languages and Literatures of Southeast Asia, Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology, Leiden, in December 1996. -
Autologous, Non-Invasively Available Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Outer Root Sheath of Hair Follicle Are Obtainable by Migrat
cells Article Autologous, Non-Invasively Available Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Outer Root Sheath of Hair Follicle Are Obtainable by Migration from Plucked Hair Follicles and Expandable in Scalable Amounts Hanluo Li 1, Federica Francesca Masieri 2, Marie Schneider 3, Tina Kottek 1, Sebastian Hahnel 4, Kensuke Yamauchi 5, Danilo Obradovi´c 6, Jong-Keun Seon 7, Sook Jung Yun 7 , 8 8 8 1, Rubén A. Ferrer , Sandra Franz , Jan-Christoph Simon , Bernd Lethaus y and 1, , Vuk Savkovi´c * y 1 Department of Cranial Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (T.K.); [email protected] (B.L.) 2 School of (EAST) Engineering, Arts, Science & Technology, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, Suffolk IP41QJ, UK; [email protected] 3 Clinic for Hematology, Cell Therapy and Hemostaseology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; [email protected] 4 Polyclinic for Dental Prosthetics and Material Sciences, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; [email protected] 5 Kensuke Yamauchi, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; [email protected] 6 Leipzig Heart Center, 04289 Leipzig, Germany; [email protected] 7 Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun 58128, Korea; [email protected] (J.-K.S.); [email protected] (S.J.Y.) 8 Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; [email protected] (R.A.F.); [email protected] (S.F.); [email protected] (J.-C.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-341-97-21115 These authors contributed equally to this work. -
The “Person” Category in the Zamuco Languages. a Diachronic Perspective
On rare typological features of the Zamucoan languages, in the framework of the Chaco linguistic area Pier Marco Bertinetto Luca Ciucci Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa The Zamucoan family Ayoreo ca. 4500 speakers Old Zamuco (a.k.a. Ancient Zamuco) spoken in the XVIII century, extinct Chamacoco (Ɨbɨtoso, Tomarâho) ca. 1800 speakers The Zamucoan family The first stable contact with Zamucoan populations took place in the early 18th century in the reduction of San Ignacio de Samuco. The Jesuit Ignace Chomé wrote a grammar of Old Zamuco (Arte de la lengua zamuca). The Chamacoco established friendly relationships by the end of the 19th century. The Ayoreos surrended rather late (towards the middle of the last century); there are still a few nomadic small bands in Northern Paraguay. The Zamucoan family Main typological features -Fusional structure -Word order features: - SVO - Genitive+Noun - Noun + Adjective Zamucoan typologically rare features Nominal tripartition Radical tenselessness Nominal aspect Affix order in Chamacoco 3 plural Gender + classifiers 1 person ø-marking in Ayoreo realis Traces of conjunct / disjunct system in Old Zamuco Greater plural and clusivity Para-hypotaxis Nominal tripartition Radical tenselessness Nominal aspect Affix order in Chamacoco 3 plural Gender + classifiers 1 person ø-marking in Ayoreo realis Traces of conjunct / disjunct system in Old Zamuco Greater plural and clusivity Para-hypotaxis Nominal tripartition All Zamucoan languages present a morphological tripartition in their nominals. The base-form (BF) is typically used for predication. The singular-BF is (Ayoreo & Old Zamuco) or used to be (Cham.) the basis for any morphological operation. The full-form (FF) occurs in argumental position. -
Travel to Leipzig from Berlin by Train
Travel to Leipzig from Berlin by train Delegates who arrive at an airport in Berlin (Tegel or Schönefeld) are offered high speed train first class return ticket to Leipzig at 99.00 EUR. This offer is valid for a return trip to Leipzig on Intercity-Express trains (ICE) as well as EuroCity (EC) and InterCity (IC) trains from 20 May 2019 until 26 May 2019 (inclusive). Upon reservation and payment of this option during the registration process, you will be provided with a booking confirmation number required for issuing the ticket. Your ticket for the train of your choice must be collected before departure from a vending machine at the railway station. Detailed instructions can be found on the next pages. Please note that in first class seats are usually available. However, if you wish to reserve your seat in advance, please use the DB website or go to the ticket desk at the railway station. Seat reservations will incur an additional cost of 4,50 EUR per seat (9 EUR for a return trip). This offer includes transfers to/from Berlin Tegel or Schönefeld airports to Berlin main railway station (Berlin Hauptbahnhof) as well as access to the DB Lounge. Dedicated staff will be available throughout to ensure a smooth transfer process. Arrival Upon your arrival at the airport in Berlin (Tegel or Schönefeld) you will be met by a host at the arrival gate - look for a sign with the logo of the International Transport Forum. The host will escort you to the shuttle to Berlin main railway station. -
Double Classifiers in Navajo Verbs *
Double Classifiers in Navajo Verbs * Lauren Pronger Class of 2018 1 Introduction Navajo verbs contain a morpheme known as a “classifier”. The exact functions of these morphemes are not fully understood, although there are some hypotheses, listed in Sec- tions 2.1-2.3 and 4. While the l and ł-classifiers are thought to have an effect on averb’s transitivity, there does not seem to be a comparable function of the ; and d-classifiers. However, some sources do suggest that the d-classifier is associated with the middle voice (see Section 4). In addition to any hypothesized semantic functions, the d-classifier is also one of the two most common morphemes that trigger what is known as the d-effect, essentially a voicing alternation of the following consonant explained in Section 3 (the other mor- pheme is the 1st person dual plural marker ‘-iid-’). When the d-effect occurs, the ‘d’ of the involved morpheme is often realized as null in the surface verb. This means that the only evidence of most d-classifiers in a surface verb is the voicing alternation of the following stem-initial consonant from the d-effect. There is also a rare phenomenon where two *I would like to thank Jonathan Washington and Emily Gasser for providing helpful feedback on earlier versions of this thesis, and Jeremy Fahringer for his assistance in using the Swarthmore online Navajo dictionary. I would also like to thank Ted Fernald, Ellavina Perkins, and Irene Silentman for introducing me to the Navajo language. 1 classifiers occur in a single verb, something that shouldn’t be possible with position class morphology. -
1 Noun Classes and Classifiers, Semantics of Alexandra Y
1 Noun classes and classifiers, semantics of Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald Research Centre for Linguistic Typology, La Trobe University, Melbourne Abstract Almost all languages have some grammatical means for the linguistic categorization of noun referents. Noun categorization devices range from the lexical numeral classifiers of South-East Asia to the highly grammaticalized noun classes and genders in African and Indo-European languages. Further noun categorization devices include noun classifiers, classifiers in possessive constructions, verbal classifiers, and two rare types: locative and deictic classifiers. Classifiers and noun classes provide a unique insight into how the world is categorized through language in terms of universal semantic parameters involving humanness, animacy, sex, shape, form, consistency, orientation in space, and the functional properties of referents. ABBREVIATIONS: ABS - absolutive; CL - classifier; ERG - ergative; FEM - feminine; LOC – locative; MASC - masculine; SG – singular 2 KEY WORDS: noun classes, genders, classifiers, possessive constructions, shape, form, function, social status, metaphorical extension 3 Almost all languages have some grammatical means for the linguistic categorization of nouns and nominals. The continuum of noun categorization devices covers a range of devices from the lexical numeral classifiers of South-East Asia to the highly grammaticalized gender agreement classes of Indo-European languages. They have a similar semantic basis, and one can develop from the other. They provide a unique insight into how people categorize the world through their language in terms of universal semantic parameters involving humanness, animacy, sex, shape, form, consistency, and functional properties. Noun categorization devices are morphemes which occur in surface structures under specifiable conditions, and denote some salient perceived or imputed characteristics of the entity to which an associated noun refers (Allan 1977: 285). -
DIANA WESSER *1970 in Stuttgart, Lives in Leipzig, Germany Education
DIANA WESSER *1970 in Stuttgart, lives in Leipzig, Germany Education 2005 Postgraduate in the master class of Prof. D‘Urbano, Academy of Visual Arts, Leipzig 2001 Master of Fine Arts (Diploma Degree), Academy of Visual Arts, Leipzig 1994 – 2001 Studies of Media Arts & Illustration, Academy of Visual Arts, Leipzig 1990 – 1987 Education Graphic Design, Kolping Berufskolleg für Grafik-Design, Fellbach Selected Performances & Participatory Projects (since 2011) 2020/2021 Next Stop Stengårsdvej – A performative travel into the future of Esbjerg Ø, a ’6705 + Statens Kunstfond‘ project by collctive bleeding, Esbjerg 2019 Fabrik der Frauen (factory of women), Audiowalk and installation in collaboration with former workers of the spinning mill Leipzig, X-Spindeln Festival, LOFFT Theater Leipzig Sport findet Stadt, performative walk in collaboration with locals, Museum Weißenfels (October) 2018 Sehnsucht Wanne – a Neighbourhood Laboratory, long term community project, Junge Impulse Festival Herne Hafen der Stadt – Arrival City, audio walk based on interviews with locals, Pöge-Haus Leipzig 2017 A matter of faith Leipzig – interreligious dialogical project involving the multicultural neighbourhood of the so called “most dangerous street of Germany”, Kirchentag auf dem Weg, Leipzig Lindenau Re-Visited (2007/2017), with Herman Heisig, LOFFT Theatre Leipzig Casino of the Values, with Juliane Meckert, World Congress of Reformatory Churches, Leipzig 2016 A matter of faith Aarhus – an interreligious treasure hunt in public space, Aarhus Theatre Neighbourhood