A STUDY OF ONOMATOPOEIA WORDS USED IN
BATMAN VS PREDATOR COMIC
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Department of the Teacher Training and Educational Sciences Faculty Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
By
Ambar Sari
082120011
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATIONAL SCIENCE FACULTY
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF PURWOREJO
2012
i
MOTTOS
The limits of my language are the limits of my world
(Jeremy Harmer)
Learn From yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important
thing is not stop questioning
(Albert Einstein)
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DEDICATION
With Gratitude and love, I dedicated this thesis to:
1. Allah SWT who always gives me your love, healthy, safety, and blessing
so that I can finish this thesis on time.
2. My beloved father “Bp Ponikin” and my mother “Ibu Sri Warsolah”
thanks for your love, prayer, support, motivation, advice, and patience. I’m
really grateful to be your daughter.
3. My beloved sister “Dwi Oktarini” who always gives love me as your sister
and support me till the end.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah praises to Allah the Almighty and the Merciful for His blessing and guidance. Without it, the researcher would never complete and finish this thesis entitled “A Study of Onomatopoeia Words Used in Batman VS
Predator Comic”
The researcher appreciates greatly to those giving valuable suggestion and guidance in completing this paper, particularly the researcher would like to thanks to:
1. Drs. H. Supriyono, M.Pd., as the rector of Purworejo Muhammadiyah
University.
2. Dr. Hartono M.M, as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Science
Faculty of Purworejo Muhammadiyah University.
3. Semi Sukarni, M.Pd., as the Head of English Educational Department of
Purworejo Muhammadiyah University .
4. Ismawati Ike N., S.S. M.Hum, as my consultant, who have suggestion and
guidance for me.
5. All the lecturer of Purworejo Muhammadiyah University who have given
motivation to finish this thesis.
6. My beloved father and mother thanks for your love, prayer, support,
motivation, advice, and patience.
7. My beloved sister, who always gives her love, prayer, support, and motivation.
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8. My best friend “GAPLEX”, Diantika, Tari, Titin, Ari, Suci, Bejo and Ww,
thanks for the sincerity you gave to me and for your willingness to fight
together until this time.
9. My best friends “3ne1”,Inung, Nurmalita, and Nurita who always being so
kind to me and always cheer me up.
10. All of my friends, the students of 2007 English department, who have
motivated me to finish this paper.
Finally, the researcher realizes that this thesis is still far from being perfect. However, the writer still hopes that this paper will be useful for the improvement of English teaching-learning, especially in Elementary School.
Suggestion and constructive criticism are needed in order to make a good improvement. May Allah bless us.
The Researcher
(Ambar Sari)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title ………………………………………………………………………… i Approval Sheet …………………………………………………………….. ii Ratification Sheet ………………………………………………………….. iii Statement of the Researcher ……………………………………………….. iv Mottos ……………………………………………………………………… v Dedications ………………………………………………………………… vi Acknowledgments …………………………………………………………… vii Table of Contents …………………………………………………………… ix Abstract ……………………………………………………………………… xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study 1 B. Reasons for Choosing the Topic 4 C. Limitation of the Problem 4 D. Statements of the Problem 5 E. The Objectives of the Study 5 F. The Significance of the Study 5 G. Synopsis of the comic 6 H. The Definition of the Term 7 I. The Outline of the Thesis 8 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Language Variation……………………………. 10 B. Figurative Language…………………………… 11 C. Onomatopoeia …………………………………. 16 1. Definition of Onomatopoeia……………….. 16
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2. Types of Onomatopoeia……………………. 22 3. Function of Onomatopoeia……………….. 29 D. Comics 30 1. Definitions Of Comic…………………….. 30 2. Description of Comic……………………. 31 E. Biography of Dave Gibbons………………….. 32
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Research Design……………………………….. 35 B. Data Sources…………………………………… 36 C. Research Instrument………………………….. 36 D. Data Collection………………………………….. 37 E. Data Analysis………………………………….. 37 CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION A. Findings ……………………………………….. 40 B. Discussion …………………………………….. 58 1. List of Onomatopoeia ……………………... 59 60 2. Types of Onomatopoeia …………………… CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion ……………………………………. 65 B. Suggestion ……………………………………. 67 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES
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ABSTRACT
Sari, Ambar. 2012. A Study of Onomatopoeia Words Used in Batman VS Predator Comic. English Department, The Faculty of Teacher Training and Educational Sciences, Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo. Consultant : Ismawati Ike N, S.S., M.Hum
Key words: Onomatopoeia, Batman VS Predator Comic
This research is concerned on the analysis of onomatopoeia words used in the comic. The subject of this thesis is the comic “Batman Versus Predator” written by Dave Gibbons. Dave Gibbons is an English comic book artist, writer, and sometime letterer. He is best known for his collaborations with writer Alan Moore, which include the miniseries Watchmen and the Superman story "For the Man Who Has Everything". This study is a descriptive research because it is aimed to find out the meaning and the characteristics of onomatopoeia words in a “Batman Versus Predator” comic. The researcher does not use any statistical procedure or calculation. The object of this thesis is onomatopoeia in English comic. The data collecting technique of this thesis is noting technique. The researcher reads the comic, and takes a note about the onomatopoeia found in the comic. In analyzing the data the researcher finds the meaning and the types of onomatopoeia and draws conclusion. The result of this thesis shows that the researcher found 50 onomatopoeia words in the Batman VS Predator. From this research, the researcher also found there are three types of onomatopoeia based on Particular Combination Letter, Sound Resembles, and Word Relation how they are used. Each of them divide into specific type, there are Gr-(1), Cl-(0), Sp-(0), -ash(1), Wh-(1), and ckle(0) in the Particular Combination Letter. There are Direct Onomatopoeia (21), Associative Onomatopoeia (5), and Exemplary Onomatopoeia (24) in Word Resembles. And the last, there are Words Related to Water (3), Words Related to Voice (10), Words Related to Collisions (22), Words Related to Air (7), and Animal Sound (7). The researcher hopes that this thesis will enrich the knowledge of vocabulary especially in onomatopoeia and experiences for the readers.
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Language is important for all human being in their life. Hornby
(1995:662) says that language is the system of sounds and words used by
humans to express their thought and feeling. Language cannot be separated
from them, since it is used in daily life to communicate with others around
them, it is a way to convey both spoken and written.
Language is a gift from God to us, because language can unite all of
human being from different tribe, race, region, and religion. Besides,
language can make people fight because of misunderstanding. Language is
unique. In this world we can find various kind of language from many
regions. Language itself has various kinds of type and characteristic. And
from that reason, there is a linguistic. Linguistics is the scientific study of
human language.
According to Richards and Scmidts (2002:587) a word is the smallest
of the linguistics unit which can occur on its own in speech or writing. Even
word is the smallest of the linguistics, it has meaning and it has a big
function in the sentences where it placed. Klamer (2004:37) states that a
word is the meaningful units used in creating sentences. Harley (2006:3)
gives the clear definition what actually word is. He stated that word is a
1
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combination of vocal sounds, or one such sound used in language to express an idea and constituting an ultimate minimal element of speech having a meaning for example the word “word”.
In the realm of linguistic study, it is commonly accepted that individual sounds do not represent any particular meanings. It is, for instance, meaningless to ask what [p] or [a] mean. The sound for the word of a particular meaning is arbitrary; therefore there is generally no connection between sound and meaning. This, however, is not absolutely correct, as we have neglected the existence of a class of words, namely onomatopoeia, which do appear in the everyday use of language quite often.
Wren and Martin in Siswantoro (2005:24) said that figure of speech
(figure of language) is a departure from the ordinary form of expression or the ordinary course of ideas in order to produce a greater meaning. A figure of speech that suggests or imitates the origin of a particular sound is known as onomatopoeia.
Onomatopoeic words (Charty and O’Dell, 1996:38) are those which seem to sound like their meaning. Holman and Harmon (1992:553) define onomatopoeia as “words that by their sound suggest their meaning: “hizz”,
“buzz”, “whirr”, “sizzle”. This definition indicates a harmony between the phonetics and semantics aspects of an onomatopoeia word. According to various definitions, a distinctive aspect of this linguistic phenomenon is that the sounds of certain words convey or give clues to their meanings.
3
However, a closer look at onomatopoeic words shows different types: some of them convey various kinds of human voice, sounds of animals, sound or noise resulting from natural phenomena like thunder or the movement, crashing, clashing of solid objects.
Onomatopoeia words are a necessity in most comic books, because the screen would show onomatopoeia instead of the action that would produce the 'real-life' sound. By doing this, the show still retained some of the flair of the original comics. They also made the scenes less violent, a serious concern during that time period. One of comics, which used several onomatopoeia words, is Batman VS Predator.
Batman VS Predator comic is one of the three mini-series comic books that were written by Dave Gibbon In 1991. This tells about the adventure of
Batman who fights with his enemy that is predator. The story begins when all of the strong man in Gotham city was killed by someone. All of them are the winner of the boxing competition and also the crime personal. This case makes batman wants to investigate by himself because of the strange of their dead. So, he plans to beat the winner of boxing.
Finally, Batman meets with the killer, and he is surprised that the killer is a predator. Batman had a fight with predator in a big fight until he loose and injured his arm. After healing his arms, he get back to beat the predator, but he can’t do that. The predator is really strong.
4
Onomatopoeia and comics are two parts that can’t be separated. Both
of them support each other to make a good comic book. This is way the
researcher tries to analyses the thesis. Beside, onomatopoeia is a word that
can make the new beginner of English learner easily to understand and to
learn many new words.
B. Reasoning for Choosing the Topic
The researcher will analyze the onomatopoeia in the comic due to it
has become an interesting issue and the debate of its definition,
characteristic, the types and the function of onomatopoeia in comic books.
Besides, analyzing onomatopoeia is seldom done by us, although in our life
onomatopoeia is always be part of our daily activity. The reason for
choosing this comic as an object of study is because it expresses the
onomatopoeia especially in action move. Therefore we can also know the
function of using onomatopoeia in comic and the definition. Based on the
explanation above, the researcher is interested to conduct A Study on
Onomatopoeia Words used in Batman comic entitled Batman VS Predator.
C. Limitation of the Problem
This study is conducted in linguistic study, which deals with
onomatopoeia. There are many kinds of onomatopoeia because every region
has its own onomatopoeia, such as English onomatopoeia, Indonesian
onomatopoeia, Japan onomatopoeia, France onomatopoeia, Dutch
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onomatopoeia. This study is limited on English onomatopoeia, particularly
in Batman comic entitled Batman VS Predator.
D. Statement of the Problem
Based on the background of the study, the researcher problems that are
going to be discussed are
1. What are onomatopoeia expression and their meaning used in Batman
VS Predator comic?
2. What are the characteristics of onomatopoeia in Batman VS Predator
comic?
E. The Objectives of the Study
Based on the formulation of the problems mentioned above the
research examine:
1. To describe onomatopoeia expression and their meaning used in Batman
VS Predator comic.
2. To explain the characteristics of onomatopoeia in Batman VS Predator
comic.
F. The Significance of the Study
The researcher expects that the study meaningfully contribute to
linguistics, theoretically to increase the understanding of onomatopoeia and
its meaning and to give contribution to develop linguistic study. Practically,
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it was expected that this study would be useful for the students to know the
characteristic of onomatopoeia, its meaning and the function of
onomatopoeia. It was expected also to be useful for the readers. In addition,
this study provided contribution and important thing for other who is
interested in doing further research this area.
Finally, this study is expected to be used as a reference for the other
researchers who want to analyze onomatopoeia as an object in their thesis
writing, and are interested in studying onomatopoeia in comic.
G. Synopsis of the Comic
“Batman VS Predator” is one of the three mini-series comic books that
were written by Dave Gibbon. This first installment was published by Dark
Horse in 1991. Dave Gibbon had organized with Andy Kubert as a penciller.
The plot focuses on the Predator as he hunts the most powerful people in
Gotham, from the heavy weight boxing Gotham champion, through crime
bosses to Commissioner Gordon. His demise is soon followed by the deaths
of other notable figures (mainly criminals), which of course attracts
Batman's attention.
Eventually Batman tracks down and squares off against the
bloodthirsty hunter, and barely escapes with his life. Seriously injured, the
Dark Knight is laid up for a while, as the cops and criminals of Gotham
attempt to fight back against the Invisible Slasher, with disastrous results.
Eventually Batman recovers his arms himself with a suit of armor equipped
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with sonar, and goes after the Predator. He ultimately defeats the fierce
creature just as its "posse" arrives, and is shocked when his powerful foe
commits seppuku. As the other Predators load their fallen comrade onto the
ship, one of them bows before Batman and gives the victorious hero a
sword.
H. The Definition of the Term
To make the readers understand the terms used in this study easily, the
researcher is going to state the definition of each key terms. Here are the
definitions of the term:
1. Linguistic
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. (http.)
2. Language variation
Language variation is a set of linguistic terms with the similar social
distribution. (Hudson, 2001:22)
3. Onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia words are those which seem to sound lime their
meaning. (Mc Carthy, 2001:34)
4. Comic
S.Hornby (1996:168) states that comic is books or magazines
containing stories etc. in the form drawing.
5. Batman VS Predator
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Batman Vs Predator is a 1991 American comic. Dave Gibbon as the
writer had organized with Andy Kubert as a penciller. The plot focuses
on the Predator as he hunts the most powerful people in Gotham, from
the heavy weight boxing Gotham champion, through crime bosses to
Commissioner Gordon. His demise is soon followed by the deaths of
other notable figures (mainly criminals), which of course attracts
Batman's attention.
I. The Outline of the Thesis
Chapter I Introduction
The first chapter introduces the thesis. It consists of eight-
heading background of the study, reason for choosing the
topic, limitation of the study, statement of the problem,
objectives of the study, significance of the study, synopsis
of the film, definition of the term, and the outline of the
thesis.
Chapter II Review Related literature
This chapter is review of the underlying theory which
contains the Language Variation, Figurative Language,
and onomatopoeia.
Chapter III Research Methods
This chapter presents research design, data sources,
research instrument, data collection, and data analysis.
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Chapter IV Research findings and discussion
The researcher, in this chapter, tries to describe the
process of the investigation conducted by her.
Chapter V Conclusion and suggestion
In this chapter, the researcher puts the research conclusion
and gives some suggestion.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter, the researcher quotes and explains some sources which are in line with the topic of this thesis. The researcher divides this chapter into five subtitles. They are language variation, figurative language, onomatopoeia, comics, and biography of the writer.
A. Language Variation
Chambers (2003:7) states sociolinguistics is the study of the social
uses of language, and the most productive studies in the four decades of
sociolinguistic research have emanated from determining the social evaluation
of linguistic variants.
We live in a world of language. We talk to our friends, our associates,
our family, our lovers, our teachers. We talk to bus drivers and total strangers.
Hardly a moment of our waking lives is free from words, and even in our
dreams we talk and are talked to. We also talk when there is no one to answer.
Some of us talk aloud in our sleep. We talk to our pets and sometimes to
ourselves. The possession of language, more than any other attributes,
distinguishes humans from other animals.
Some facts about languages are that they are always changing over
time, different between one another, and have a lot of varieties. The
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language variation exist because of the use of single language which is different within a single community, such as men do not speak like women, and older people do not speak like younger people.
According to Hudson (1980:24), variety of language is a set of linguistics item with similar social distribution. Ferguson defined language variation as any speech pattern that is sufficiently homogeneous to be analyzed by available techniques of synchronic description and which has a sufficiently large repertory of elements and their arrangement or process with broad enough semantic scope to function in all normal context of communication.
Individuals differ in the manner in which they speak their native tongue, although usually not markedly within a small area. The differences among groups of speakers in the same speech community can, however, be considerable. These variations of a language constitute its dialects. All languages are continuously changing, but if there is a common direction of change it has never been convincingly described. Various factors, especially the use of written language, have led to the development of a standard language in most of the major speech communities a special official dialect of a language that is theoretically maintained unchanged.
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B. Figurative Language
Wren and Martin in Siswantoro (2005:24) said that figure of speech is
a departure from the ordinary form of expression or the ordinary course of
ideas in order to produce a greater meaning.
All figurative speech is comparison, but not all comparisons are
figures of speech. When you want to understand a comparison clearly, there
are three things to do. First, identify clearly the two terms of the comparison.
Second, consider the chief points of likeness and unlikeness between the two
things. And third, examine the context in which the characteristics of the
things are stressed. If the two things are unlike in some important way that is
indicated by the context, then it is reasonable to say that the comparison is
figurative.
According to www.literaryproject.org/figurativelanguage.htm, there
are various types of figure of language, the researcher will mention them one
by one and she will give the examples of each figurative language.
1. Alliteration
Alliteration is the repetition of usually initial consonant sounds in
two or more neighboring words or syllables.
Example: “The wild and woolly walrus waits and wonders when
we'll walk by”
2. Assonance
Assonance is a resemblance of sound in words or syllables.
Example: “Fleet feet sweep by sleeping geese”
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3. Cliché
Cliché is a word or phrase that has become overly familiar or
commonplace.
Example: “No pain, no gain”
4. Hyperbole
Hyperbole is an exaggeration that is so dramatic that no one would
believe the statement is true.
Example: “He was so hungry, he ate that whole cornfield for lunch,
stalks and all.”
5. Idioms
An idiom is defined as: peculiar to itself, either grammatically (as
no, it wasn't me) or in having a meaning that cannot be derived
from the conjoined meanings of its elements.
Example: “She sings at the top of her lungs”
6. Metaphor
Metaphor is comparing two things by using one kind of object or
using in place of another to suggest the likeness between them.
Here are three kinds of metaphor:
a. The descriptive metaphor speaks of something a though it were
something else concrete.
Example: “the trees swayed like dancers lost in reverie. As they
waltzed the afternoon away the breeze continued to wind its
mournful tune”
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b. The abstract metaphor explains an abstract principle by
comparing it to something more concrete,
Example: “my cup runneth over”
c. The embedded metaphor uses a verb or a noun in a non-literal
fashion.
Example: “the darkness threw itself upon the land”
7. Onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia is the use of a word to describe or imitate a natural
sound or the sound made by an object or an action.
Example: buzz, hiss, roar, woof
8. Personification
Personification is a figure of speech in which human characteristics
are given to an animal or an object.
Example: “The stuffed bear smiled as the little boy hugged him
close”
9. Simile
Simile is a figure of speech comparing two unlike things that is
often introduced by like or as
Example: “The sun is like a yellow ball of fire in the sky”
10. Irony
Irony is the use of language to turn a situation against itself or to
illustrate strange twists of fate.
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Example: suppose you happen to be experiencing a streak of bad
luck: your house has been robbed, your cat just died, your best
friend is mad at you. You cry in exasperation: “well, that’s just
great”.
11. Synecdoche
Synecdoche is figure of speech explains that a part of something
represent the whole.
Example: “have you got your wheels, man?”
12. Metonymy
Metonymy is a figure of speech explains that some attribute of
what is being described is used to indicate the whole.
Example: “England beat Germany in the 1966 World Cup”
13. Conceit
Conceit is an extended metaphor that does not make sense at first.
Example: “my compass love for you is true”
14. Paradox
Paradox is figure of speech explains that something that at first
seems to contradict itself.
Example: “A little learning is a dangerous thing”
15. Understatement is figure of speech that seeks to express a thought
or impression by underemphasizing the extent to which a statement
may be true. Understatement is the opposite of hyperbole.
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Example: “Jen had stolen his watch, put a dent in his car, and kept
him from spending time with his buddies.”
C. Onomatopoeia
1. Definition of Onomatopoeia
As its Greek root suggests, onomatopoeia is the making (poiein) of
a name or word (onoma) from natural sound. Onomatopes are thus
imitative words of these natural sounds. Onomatopes are found in all
languages of the world, and some linguists in fact believe onomatopes
were the first words human spoke when language was developed. While
Matthew William (2004:38) says that the simple stand most common
meaning of onomatopoeia is a word that the sounds like the sound it
refers to.
Onomatopoeia is very important in comics since it is used to
amplify thought, action, and speech in comics. Sound effects or
onomatopoeia expressions, attempt to represent visually the sound
connected to the events and emotional states expressed in the pictures.
According to Juha Herkman’s (1998:43) in Maarit Koponen (2004), not
only is the written form of onomatopoeia word important, but also the
graphical look is significant for creating the illusion of sound.
According to Mc Charty (2001: 38) onomatopoeic words are those
which seem to sound like their meaning. The most obvious examples are
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verbs relating to the noises which animals make, e.g. cows moo and cats mew or meow. If the vowel sound in a word is short, an onomatopoeic word usually signifies a short, sharp sound. If it long (indicated in the international phonetic alphabet by:) then the word usually signifies longer, slower sound. Compare pip /pIp/ which is short sound with peep
/pi:p/ which is long sound.
Since direct imitation allows the hearer to understand the meaning most easily, it is the most obvious way to describe actions (e.g. punch, boom) and animals (e.g. cock, dodo), which constitute the most parts of the conversation between primordial human. Therefore, the hypothesis is indeed reasonable. These primitive sounds have evolved over time, the remnants have become today’s onomatopes, and even some words which we do not usually regard as onomatopes.
Onomatopoeia is a combination of speech sounds which alms at imitating sounds produced in nature (wind, sea, thunder, etc.) by things
(machines or tools, etc.) by people (singing, laughter) and animals.
Holman and Harmon (1992:553) define onomatopoeia as “words that by their sound suggest their meaning: “hizz”, “buzz”, “whirr”, “sizzle”.
This definition indicates a harmony between the phonetics and semantics aspects of an onomatopoeic word.
Hugh Bredin (1996:556) points to “confusion, vagueness, and disagreements” regarding defining onomatopoeia, discerning its various
18
types and the nature of some related phenomena like sound symbolism and synaesthesia. Although onomatopoeia basically implies or portrays a harmony between sound and meaning, it may cause problems for translator.
Onomatopoeia is a controversial feature of style. Despite its apparent simplicity, researcher have faced some challenges while studying it and trying to discern its various types and aspects. According to various definitions, a distinctive aspect of this linguistic phenomenon is that the sounds of certain words convey or give clues to their meanings. However, a closer look at onomatopoeic words shows different types: some of them convey various kinds of human voice, sounds of animals, sound or noise resulting from natural phenomena like thunder or the movement, crashing, clashing of solid objects.
In http://www.examples-of-onomatopoeia.com/index.html the writer explained about the place where onomatopoeia can be found;
1. Children’s story and poetry
Exploring onomatopoeia with children is tons of fun and it helps
them learn a lot of new words and concepts quickly. Here are some
great examples.
On the Ning Nang Nong, by Spike Milligan
On the Ning Nang Nong
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Where the Cows go Bong!
and the monkeys all say BOO!
There's a Nong Nang Ning
Where the trees go Ping!
And the tea pots jibber jabber joo.
On the Nong Ning Nang
All the mice go Clang
And you just can't catch 'em when they do!
So its Ning Nang Nong
Cows go Bong!
Nong Nang Ning
Trees go ping
Nong Ning Nang
The mice go Clang
What a noisy place to belong
is the Ning Nang Ning Nang Nong!!
2. Poetry
Onomatopoeia is usually cited as a poetic effect. That makes sense
because poetry is all about communicating emotion using the
interplay between sound and meaning.
Example:
Meeting at Night by Robert Browning (1812-1889)
The gray sea and the long black land;
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And the yellow half-moon large and low
And the startled little waves that leap
In fiery ringlets from their sleep,
As I gain the cove with pushing prow,
And quench its speed i' the slushy sand.
Then a mile of warm sea-scented beach;
Three fields to cross till a farm appears;
A tap at the pane, the quick sharp scratch
And blue spurt of a lighted match,
And a voice less loud, through its joys and fears,
Than the two hearts beating each to each!
3. Comics
Much of the onomatopoeia in comic remains tied to one author or
character and become kind of a signature. There is even a super
villain named Onomatopoeia. He imitates noises around him, such
as dripping taps, gunshots etc. A nice thing about onomatopoeia is
that people often make new ones, by imitating the sound and
combining letters until they have something that sounds like it.
In Jimmy Corrigan: The Smartest Kid on Earth by Chris Ware,
change put into a vending machine goes "CLTKTY", which is quite
apt, and highly original. Don Martin (MAD magazine) was a master
of sound effects, coining many new ones such as "BREEDEET
BREEDEET" for a croaking frog, "PLORTCH" for a knight being
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stabbed by a sword, or "FAGROON klubble klubble" for a
collapsing building.
4. Literature
Tom Wolfe used onomatopoeia in the prison scene from A Man in
Full:
The fan overhead went scrack scrack scraaaacccckkkkk.
Grover Washington's saxophone went buhooomu-hoooooooom....
Thra-gooooom! Gluglugluglug went the toilets....
And then the tuckatuckatuckatuckatuckatucka [of spoons beating ice
cream cups] began.
William Shakespeare in Hamlet: And cleave the general ear with
horrid speech, Her brother is in secret come from France; Feeds on
his wonder, keeps himself in clouds, And wants not buzzers to infect
his ear - The word buzzers can be onomatopoeia.
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5. Laughter
Characters in stories often have a "signature laugh". It can make the
character more memorable and entertaining! Examples:
- ha-ha-ha-HA-ha! - Woody Woodpecker
- huh huh huh! - Butt-head, Beavis and Butthead
- woah, oh, oh, oh! - Elmer Fudd
- ho ho ho! - Santaclaus
2. The Types of Onomatopoeia
In this thesis, the researcher divided the types into three categories.
Here they are:
a. Particular combination of letters
According to Mc CHarty and O’Dell (2001:38) particular
combinations of letters have particular sound associations in English.
1) Gr- at the beginning of a word can suggest something unpleasant
or miserable, e.g. groan (make a deep sound forced out by pain or
despair), grumble (complain in a bad-tempered way), grumpy
(bad-tempered), grunt (make a low, rough sound like pigs do, or
people expressing disagreement or boredom), growl (make a low,
threatening sound).
2) cl- at the beginning of word can suggest something sharp and/or
metallic, e.g. click (make a short sharp sound), clang (make a loud
ringing noise), clank (make a dull metallic noise, not as loud as
23
clang), clash (make a loud, broken, confused noise as when metal
objects strike together), clink (make the sound of small bits of
metal or glass knocking together). Horses go clip-clop on the road.
3) Sp- at the beginning of a word can have an association with water
or other liquids or powders, e.g. splash (cause a liquid to fly about
in drops), spit (send liquid out from the mouth), splutter (make a
series of spitting sounds), spray (liquid sent through the air in tiny
drops either by the wind or some instrument), sprinkle (threw a
shower of something onto a surface), spurt (come out in a sudden
burst).
4) Ash- at the end of a word can suggest something fast and violent,
e.g. smash (break violently into small pieces), dash (move or be
moved violently), crash (strike suddenly violently and noisily),
bash (strike heavily so as to break or injure), gash (a long deep cut
or wound).
5) Wh- at the beginning of a word often suggests the movement of
air, e.g. whistle (a high pitched noise made by forcing air or steam
through a small opening), whirr (sound like a bird’s wings moving
rapidly), whizz (make the sound of something rushing through air),
wheeze (breathe noisily especially with whistling sound in the
chest), whip (one of these or to hit with one of these).
24
6) -ckle, -ggle, or -zzle at the end of a word can suggest something
light and repeated, e.g. trickle (to flow in thin stream), crackle
(make a series of short cracking sounds), tinkle (make a succession
of light ringing sounds), giggle (laugh lightly in a nervous or silly
way), wriggle (move with quick short twisting), sizzle (make a
hissing sound like something cooking in fat), drizzle (small, fine
rain) b. Sound resembles
Bredin (1996:556) points out that we can put all the onomatopoeia
words into three types.
1) Direct Onomatopoeia
He suggests that it "occurs whenever two criteria are
satisfied: (1) the denotation of a word is a class of sounds; and (2)
the sound of the word resembles a member of the class." To
explain it simply, the sound of the word resembles the sound that it
names. Some typical examples are hiss, moan, cluck, whirr,
and buzz. However, he also suggests that none of these words is
exactly like the sound that it denotes. There are higher and lower
degrees of onomatopoeic resemblance, and the number of words,
such as hiss, which have quite a high degree of resemblance, are
relatively small.
2) Associative Onomatopoeia
25
It occurs whenever the sound of a word resembles a sound
associated with whatever it is that the word denotes. Some
examples of this are: cuckoo, bubble, smash, whip. None of these
words has a sound that resembles the objects or actions that they
denote. For instance, cuckoo is the bird's name, but its acoustic
resemblance is to the song that it produces, not the bird itself. The
same applies to the other examples. When searching through
materials I found an interesting example of associative
onomatopoeia. The word barbarian, by which some foreigners
called ancient Mongolians, is an example of this type. Its root, the
Greek word barbaroi, was devised as a name for non-Greeks
because their strange languages sounded to Greek ears like the
stuttered syllables "ba-ba." Association is just as much a matter of
degree as is acoustic resemblance. There is a close association of
sound and object in the case of cuckoo, but a very slight
association in the case of scratchor spatter. The other example is
whip which has meaning the sound made by whip.
3) Exemplary Onomatopoeia
Its foundation rests upon the amount and character of the
physical work used by a speaker in uttering a word. Words such
as nimble and dart require less muscular and pulmonary effort than
do sluggish and slothful. Also, their stopped consonants encourage
a speaker to say them sharply and quickly, whereas the latter two
26
words can be drawn out slowly and lazily. The word
sound nimble does not sound like anything that can be denoted by
the word, and it cannot resemble the idea connoted by it, since
sounds and concepts cannot "sound alike"; concepts have no
sound. Instead, the word sound instantiates or exemplifies
nimbleness, since it is itself a nimble sound. c. Word relation according how they are used
Many times, you can tell what an onomatopoeic word is describing
based on letter combinations contained within the word. These
combinations usually come at the beginning, but a few also come at
the end.
The following examples have been grouped according to how they are
used. (available at http://examples.yourdictionary.com/5-examples-of-
onomatopoeia.html)
1) Words Related to Water
These words often begin with sp- or dr-. Words that indicate a
small amount of liquid often end in -le (sprinkle/drizzle).
Examples : bloop, splash, spray, sprinkle, squirt, drip, drizzle
An onomatopoeia poem by Lee Emmett of Australia also illustrates
many onomatopoeia related to water:
27
water plops into pond
splish-splash downhill
warbling magpies in tree
trilling, melodic thrill
2) Words Related to the Voice
Sounds that come from the back of the throat tend to start with a
gr- sound whereas sounds that come out of the mouth through the
lips, tongue and teeth begin with mu-.
Examples: giggle, growl, grunt, gurgle, mumble, murmur, bawl,
belch, chatter, blurt
3) Words Related to Collisions
Collisions can occur between any two or more objects. Sounds that
begin with cl- usually indicate collisions between metal or glass
objects, and words that end in -ng are sounds that resonate. Words
that begin with th- usually describe dull sounds like soft but heavy
things hitting wood or earth.
Examples: bam, bang, clang, clank, clap, clatter, click, clink, ding,
jingle, screech, slap, thud, thump
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4) Words Related to Air
Because air doesn’t really make a sound unless it blows through
something, these words describe the sounds of air blowing through
things or of things rushing through the air. 'Whisper' is on this list
and not the voice list because we do not use our voices to whisper.
We only use the air from our lungs and the position of our teeth,
lips and tongues to form audible words.
Examples: flutter, fist, fwoosh, gasp, swish, swoosh, whiff, whoosh,
whizz, whip, whisper
5) Animal Sounds
If you’ve spent significant amounts of time with people from other
countries, you know that animals speak different languages too.
Depending on where a chicken is from, for example, she might
cluck-cluck, bok-bok, tok-tok, kot-kot or cotcotcodet. In the United
States, however, animals speak English:
Examples: arf, baa, bark, bray, buzz, cheep, chirp, chortle, cluck,
cock-a-doodle-doo, cuckoo, hiss, meow, moo
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6) Miscellaneous Examples
Onomatopoeia can also be found in literature, songs and
advertisements as well. Consider the following examples of
onomatopoeia:
- "Chug, chug, chug. Puff, puff, puff. Ding-dong, ding-dong. The
little train rumbled over the tracks."("Watty Piper" [Arnold
Munk], The Little Engine That Could)
- "Plop, plop, fizz, fizz, oh what a relief it is." (slogan of Alka
Seltzer, U.S.)
3. Function of onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia words are not merely “playthings” which children
learn in kindergarten, even adults do use a lot of onomatopoeia words, with or
without noticing it. As a matter of fact, languages such as Japanese rely a
great deal on onomatopoeia words to describe actions. When onomatopoeia
words are used, there are four main functions:
1. To enrich the contents of the article, by giving more vivid description of
the environment;
2. To increase the degree of musicality, since onomatopoeia are words those
imitate natural sounds;
3. To deepen the impression of readers towards the message, because
onomatopoeia “audiolize” the picture;
30
4. To maximize the reality of the situation so that the readers can get a real
acoustic sensation of the whole picture.
D. Comics
1. Definition of Comics
A comic book is defined as a booklet of words and pictures
integrated into a flexibe and powerful printed format (Witek, 1989:3).
According to the definition of comics at the DC’s web page, “Variously
referred to as comics, comic strips and comic books, the comic’s format as
we know it today is a unique art form and literary medium that originated
in the U.S. in the late 1800s. At its simplest, a comic is a series of words
and pictures that is presented in a sequential manner to form a narrative.”
Comic books are considered a visual piece of art in sequence (Mc
Cloud, 1993:48). Comics combine art and writing. According to some (Mc
Cloud, 1993:50Feury), there is a comic literacy that is needed to interpret
what goes on between the panels. Writer and Illustrators tend to use
stereotypes of basic characters and clichés to express their meaning
(Gerberg, 1989:38).
Even though the comic book picture emphasizes the words and
dialogues of the characters, it’s the relationship between the words and the
pictures that says much more (Mc Cloud, 1993:47). Writers will use
idioms, puns, and slang to relate to the everyday individual. Comic books
31
are a form of narrative fiction and so they have a plot, characters, setting, dialogue, and symbolism.
The pictures in the comic book control the reader’s interpretation of the words. The picture forces the reader to see what the writer wants him/her to see. Action lines and dialogue balloons allow the reader to hear the messages in their heads, thus inviting the reader into the make believe world of comic books.
According to Dennis O’Neil (2001:12) comics are not a collection of words and images printed on the same page. To be a comic book, those words and images must work together as a part of speech work together in a normal English sentence. Many researcher agree that the most unique and interesting aspect of comics is the way they combine different semiotic systems, namely those of words and images.
According to Michaela (2004), the components of comic books are pictures, speech balloon and boxes, onomatopoeia, and non pictorial icons.
Those components are integrated to create the expected effect toward the readers. It is not a comic if there is no picture. The pictures are sometime hard to understand without the speech in the balloons and boxes. The readers may get the direct and exact feelings by the use of onomatopoeia and non-pictorial icons.
32
2. Description of Comic
Comic books are basically 32 page periodicals about 7” X10” in
size. Each of the 32 pages are divided into approximately 6 panels. Panels
are approximately 2 X 4 or 3 X 3. In 32 page book, the number of panels
can add up to anywhere from 90 to 200 (Pellowski, 1995:44Feury). “each
story is made up of certain number of pages, each page is made up of
certain number of panels, and each panel holds one illustration”. The size
of the panel reflects the conception of time. Small panels illustrate time as
going by quickly and large panels makes time look like it is taking a
longer amount of time.
The splash page is the first full page panel that also has the title of
the story and credits the author, artist, penciller, and inker. Traditionally,
this was the first page of the comic book and so it is designed to hook the
reader to the story. The first panel is also generally used to set up the scene
(Busiek; Pelowski, 1995:41). The rest of the comic book can consist of
one long story, several shorter stories, or one long story broken into parts.
The format must reflect the story.
E. Biography of Dave Gibbons
Dave Gibbons (born 14 April 1949) is an English comic book artist,
writer and sometime letterer. He is best known for his collaborations with
writer Alan Moore, which include the miniseries Watchmen and the
Superman story "For the Man Who Has Everything". He also was an artist
33
for the UK anthology 2000 AD, for which he contributed a large body of work from its first issue in 1977.
Gibbons broke into British comics by working on horror and action titles for both DC Thomson and IPC. When the science-fiction anthology title 2000 AD was set up in the mid-1970s, Gibbons contributed artwork to the first issue, Prog 01 (February 1977), and went on to draw the first 24 installments of Harlem Heroes, one of the founding (and pre-Judge Dredd) strips.
Dave Gibbons is a British artist who was not only influenced by
British artist, but was heavily influenced by such American artists like Will
Eisner and Wally Wood. He got his start working for the British comic agencies Fleetway and DC Thompson, doing lettering and artistic work.
Soon, he was working for 2000 AD, working on a run that would become to be considered some of his best work.
Despite an early rejection from Marvel and DC comics, he was later approached by DC on a headhunting trip to Britain when they were looking for new blood. He was offered a much better deal than he was currently getting and jumped at the chance to get into American comics, a place he had always wanted to work.
At DC, he worked on such backup stories like Green Lantern Corps and Creeper that appeared in other titles and worked with Alan Moore on the
34
Superman Annual story entitled, “For The Man Who Has Everything.” The relationship between the two would prove helpful as when Gibbons heard that Moore was working on a new mini-series he took the initiative and called him up, asking to work on the project with him. Moore said yes and the collaboration on what would become the greatest selling graphic novel of all time was born.
Gibbons did a lot of character work on Watchmen and his realistic and dramatic artwork truly helped bring life to the complex story that unfolds. It is the work he is most known for, but Gibbons continues to work and is a vital member of the creator community.
As well as being an accomplished artist, Gibbons is a writer as well.
He has written issues of Captain America, Green Lantern Corps, Batman Vs.
Predator, as well as writing and illustrating his own graphic novel, The
Originals. He has also been busy doing cover work and has returned to the world of the Watchmen with a behind the scenes memoir entitled,
“Watching the Watchmen.”
35
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter discusses the method used in this research. It relates to the research design, data, data collection, and data analysis.
A. Research Design
Mc Millar and Schumacher (1993:31) describe research design as
the plan and structure of the investigation used to obtain evidence to
answer research question. The design of this research is descriptive
qualitative research. Bodgan and Biklen in Sugiono (2010: 13)
qualitative research have some characteristics, that is:
a. Qualitative research has the natural setting as the direct source of the
data and researcher is the key instrument,
b. Qualitative research is descriptive. The data collected is in the form
of words of pictures rather than number,
c. Qualitative research are concerned with process rather than simply
with outcomes or products,
d. Qualitative research tend to analyze their data inductively,
e. “Meaning” is essential to qualitative approaches.
This research is aimed to describe onomatopoeia and the form of
data is in the word form rather than number. The study is design to get
information concerning with the onomatopoeia used in Batman VS
36
Predator comics. It includes what onomatopoeia expressions are used,
the function and the characteristic of onomatopoeia.
B. Data Sources
The researcher was conducted by using comic that became the
main source in collecting data, namely: an action comic book entitled
Batman VS Predator. The comic was written by Dave Gibbon, published
by DC Comics Inc., Dark House Comics Inc., and Twentieth Century Fox
Film Corporation. Dave Gibbon had organized with Andy Kubert as a
penciller, Adam Kubert as an inker and letterer. The Batman VS Predator
comic was released in 1991 and was printed in Canada. The researcher
also searched for supporting data from dictionary, internet in the form of
articles that contain comments, opinion, and other research findings
related to this study.
C. Research Instrument
According to Arikunto (2002) one of the major characters that
distinguish qualitative research from others is the method used to collect
and analyze the data. In this study, the human investigator is the primary
instrument for gathering and analyzing of data. He defines the researcher
used to collect the data or a means that instrument as a tool. So, the
researcher is the only instrument that analyzes the whole data used in this
37
research based on the researcher’s point of views which related to the
theory applied.
D. Data Collection
Data collection is important to determine the result of the study.
The main data of the research were taken from the book of an action comic
Batman VS Predator. In conducting the study, several steps were taken:
1. Searching the Batman VS Predator comic book from internet
2. Reading Batman VS Predator comic several times to comprehend the
whole of stories.
3. Identifying the dialogues in the comic book which contain
onomatopoeia expression.
4. Reading the articles related to this study to get a complete and well
understanding of both the comic book and onomatopoeia.
5. Finding the data from the data sources and arranges the data
systematically in accordance to the problems of the study.
E. Data Analysis
After collecting the data, the researcher began to classify and
analyze them. In analysis the data, the researcher applied the following
steps: first, she identified the onomatopoeia used in Batman VS Predator
by reading the comic. The researcher judged whether it is onomatopoeia or
not by matching the word with Oxford dictionary and Onomatopoeia
38
dictionary in the internet. Then, the researcher explained the meaning of onomatopoeia used in the comic by using those dictionaries. After analyzing the onomatopoeia, she describes and explains the characteristic of onomatopoeia and the function of onomatopoeia words in Batman VS
Predator comic. Then, for the last step she draws conclusion.
39
CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
There are 32 pages in the Batman VS predator comic, but every page do not always have an onomatopoeia word. The onomatopoeia words mostly appear in an action pages which Batman fights with the predator. The story of Batman VS
Predator begins with the powerful king boxer in the Gotham City was killed by something and continued by the killing of the other notable figure. These cases make Batman curious and investigate the case. Finally, Batman finds the murderer and tries to catch the murderer, predator. But, this is not easy to fight with the predator. Batman loses and hurt his arm.
Eventually Batman recovers his arms himself with a suit of armor equipped with sonar, and goes after the Predator. He ultimately defeats the fierce creature just as its "posse" arrives, and is shocked when his powerful foe commits seppuku. As the other Predators load their fallen comrade onto the ship, one of them bows before Batman and gives the victorious hero a sword.
This action story of course makes the writer fill many of onomatopoeia words to make the action in the comic more real. In this chapter, the researcher will explain onomatopoeia expression and the types of onomatopoeia in the
Batman VS Predator comic.
40
A. Findings
1.
The word ding dinggg comes from a word ding whose meaning
sound used to represent the sound made by bell.
In the Batman VS Predator comic the word ding used to show
sound of bell in the boxing match. Ding also has meaning the sound of
metal when struck. (Gibbons, 1991: 1)
2.
The word aaawroooooo has meaning the sound of dog. By
giving more a and o letters in the comic make the sound of dog longer
than usual.
In the Batman VS Predator comic the word aaawroooo had
shown that Satan, name of the dog was barking and make the owner
angry. (Gibbons, 1991: 1)
41
3.
The word rrooww has the same meaning with aaawrooooo that is
the sound of dog. The difference is the word rrooww here has meaning
that the sound of dog softer.
In the Batman VS Predator comic had shown that Satan or the
dog was responding his master. ( Gibbons, 1991: 2)
4.
The word grrrrr has the same meaning with the word awrooo
and rrooww that is the sound of dog. Grrrrr has meaning that the dog
angry and the mouth of the dog had been closed. Not like the word
awrooo.
In the Batman VS Predator comic had shown that Satan was
beating the master’s hand and Satan looked refusing the master’s
command. ( Gibbons, 1991: 2)
42
5.
The word hrruf has meaning the sound of someone drink a water.
In the Batman VS Predator comic had shown a man drink a beer
used a tin can. (Gibbons, 1991: 2)
6.
The word creeek comes from the word creek whose meaning the
sound of opening door.
In the Batman VS Predator comic had shown there is a door that
opened by the wind. (Gibbons, 1991: 4)
7.
The word klik has meaning slight sharp sound.
In the Batman VS Predator comic had shown the sound of
opening tin can. There is a man who opened a tin can of drink. (Gibbons,
1991: 4)
43
8.
The word chonk has meaning the sound of a thrown cast iron
frying pan being caught by the handle.
In the Batman VS Predator comic the picture had shown there
was a couple who is sleeping surprised by something. (Gibbons, 1991: 7)
9.
The word skritch has meaning the sound of bed moving.
In the picture had shown there are two people who move on the
bed and make the bed sounding. (Gibbons, 1991: 7)
10.
The word blup blop here has the same meaning which are the
sound of liquid falling in the skin.
In the picture had shown blood falling from the roof on the
human skin. (Gibbons, 1991: 7)
44
11.
The word kraaash has meaning the crashing sound of breaking
glass.
In the picture shown clearly the glass roof is breaking by
something. (Gibbons, 1991: 8)
12.
The word aaaaa also has meaning the sound of human who cries
of fear.
In the picture, the woman looks screaming because of the
breaking of glass roof. (Gibbons, 1991: 8)
13.
The word ssshthakk has meaning the sound of crashing the two
things made by iron.
45
In the comic had shown the man was striking the predator by
something made by an iron and touch the clothes of the predator which
made by an iron too. (Gibbons, 1991: 8)
14.
The word chikkt has meaning a sound made by mechanical parts
coming undone: a mechanical sound made while fastening parts
together, as armor.
In the picture shown that something is coming looking for the
woman. (Gibbons, 1991: 8)
15.
The word uuunnh has meaning exclamation expressing pain.
In the picture shown that a man fell and looked in pain. (
Gibbons, 1991: 8)
16.
The word thlluppp has meaning a sound of dropping water.
46
In the picture shown that there are blood drip behind the woman.
(Gibbons, 1991: 8)
17.
The word ahem has meaning the sound made when clearing the
throat, especially to express displeasure or disapproval with, or to get
attention of , another.
In the picture shown there is a man do that action behind the
other who was chatting. (Gibbons, 1991: 9)
18.
The word whunkk has meaning the sound of hit or punch.
In the picture had shown a black man had a punch from batman.
(Gibbons, 1991: 13)
19.
The word nnggg has a meaning an exclamation expressing pain.
In the picture had shown a man looks in pain because of get
choke by batman. (Gibbons, 1991: 13)
47
20.
The word whff has meaning a sound made by lips which got
punch in their faces.
In the picture had shown a man looks in pain with the swollen
lips because of punch. (Gibbons, 1991: 13)
21.
The word mmrreeeow has meaning a sound of a cat.
In the picture had shown that a cat is running because of a car.
(Gibbons, 1991: 14)
22.
The word hiss has meaning a sound of a cat.
In the picture had shown the cat was angry because of it was
disturbed by a car. (Gibbons, 1991: 14)
48
23.
The word meeeioo has meaning a sound of cat.
In the picture had shown that the cat was grabbed by a predator.
(Gibbons, 1991: 14)
24.
The word rrrnntch has meaning the sound something soft that
been pressed by something.
In the picture had been shown a cat got pressed by the predator
until it hurts and eject many blood. (Gibbons, 1991: 14)
25.
The word aaachoo has meaning the sound of sneeze.
In the picture had shown that a Batman’s servant said aaachoo
because of the dust which come from cleaning the things. (Gibbons,
1991: 15)
49
26.
The word schuunnnk has meaning a sound of something hard
made of metal hit something soft.
In the picture had shown there is a man who got hit by a metal
lance. (Gibbons, 1991: 19)
27.
The word brakkabrakkabrakkabrakka has meaning the sound of
automatic gunfire.
In the picture had shown that many soldiers did the gunshot to
the predator. (Gibbons, 1991: 19)
28.
The word sniff has meaning to draw air audibly up the nose
especially for smelling.
In the picture had shown that batman asked Alfred to investigate
something, he used the word sniff round to make an aphorism. (Gibbons,
1991: 22)
50
29.
The word shwiik has meaning the sound of flying boomerang.
In the picture had shown that there is a flying boomerang which
strikes a man. (Gibbons, 1991: 25)
30.
The word brapp has meaning the sound of a gunshot.
In the picture had shown there are two men dropping gunshot on
something. (Gibbons, 1991: 25)
31.
The word aaiieeeee has meaning a sound of the cry of someone
falling, as out of helicopter.
51
In this picture had shown there is someone who is falling from
the top building. (Gibbons, 1991: 25)
32.
The word szzzktt has meaning the sound of laser ray that strike
human’s body.
In the picture had shown a man was stroke by a laser of the
predator. (Gibbons, 1991: 25)
33.
The word blaaam comes from word blam whose meaning sound
of explosion.
In the picture had shown there is an explosion made by a gun.
(Gibbons, 1991: 26)
34.
52
The word chnnk has meaning the sound of chain rattling; the
sound of a loose chain or chainsaw.
In the picture had shown there is a predator that bites its arm. It
looks like the predator’s clothe made by an iron. (Gibbons, 1991: 26)
35.
The word barking comes from word bark who’s meaning verb of
a dog vocalization.
In the picture there is no dog, this word is used to make a parable
of silence. There was a man who is talking a parable. (Gibbons, 1991:
27)
36.
The word snik has meaning a sound of pliers that meet with
metal.
In the picture had clearly shown that Batman cut the metal gate.
(Gibbons, 1991: 28)
53
37.
The word aha ha ha ha ha has meaning sound of laughter, not
really different from the ordinary hahaha, but this one includes an
attempt to capture the breath before the burst of laughter.
In the picture had shown there was sound of laughter came from
a radio. (Gibbons, 1991: 28)
38.
The word skcht has meaning the sound of something big walking
or the sound of metal friction.
In the picture had shown Batman heard something big moving,
that is the predator. (Gibbons, 1991: 28)
39.
The word chkkt has meaning a sound of screech.
54
In the picture had shown the predator’s moving makes a sound.
(Gibbons, 1991: 28)
40.
The word pffftt has meaning the sound of the predator’s breathing
or a sound of air that come out soundly.
In the picture had shown the predator was breathing. (Gibbons,
1991: 28)
41.
The word mmmmm has meaning a sound of muttering or
growling from the predator.
In the picture had shown the predator was growling. (Gibbons,
1991: 29)
42.
55
The word kkppfwuffff has meaning a sound of explosion or a
sound made by the predator’s feet that walking.
In the picture had shown the predator was angry because of
explosion. (Gibbons, 1991: 29)
43.
The word nng has meaning an interjection of pain and shocked.
In the picture had shown Batman was in pain and shocked of the
boomerang strike. (Gibbons, 1991: 29)
44.
The word ssshhwikt has meaning a sound of boomerang or a
weapon that can be flown.
In the picture the predator had succeed to catch the weapon.
(Gibbons, 1991: 30)
56
45.
The word kttk has meaning a sound the predator’s clothes that
made by metal because of the predator was moving.
In the picture had shown the predator was moving its mouth that
makes its mask sounding. (Gibbons, 1991: 30)
46.
The word pttchangk has meaning a scream of the predator. It was
loud.
In the picture clearly shown that the predator was screaming.
(Gibbons, 1991: 31)
47.
57
The word kreeek has meaning a sound of something cracking.
In the picture had shown that the predator was press something
hard that is the building. (Gibbons, 1991: 31)
48.
The word krrraaang has meaning a sound of breaking and
explosion.
In the picture had shown there are mess place which the hard
thing crash each other. (Gibbons, 1991: 31)
49.
The word ssshuunk has meaning a sound of striking the weapon;
sword.
In the picture had shown batman was striking with sword of the
predator. (Gibbons, 1991: 32)
58
50.
The word rrrchhk has meaning a sound of pressing something
soft.
In the picture had shown the predator was pressing Batman’s
clothe. (Gibbons, 1991: 32)
B. Discussion
In the Batman VS Predator comic the researcher finds 50
onomatopoeia words. Based on this finding, the researcher tries to describe the
types of onomatopoeia. There are three types of onomatopoeia based on
Particular Combination Letter, Sound Resembles, and Word Relation how
they are used. Each of them divide into specific type, there are Gr-, Cl-, Sp-, -
ash, Wh-, and ckle in the Particular Combination Letter. There are Direct
Onomatopoeia, Associative Onomatopoeia, and Exemplary Onomatopoeia in
Word Resembles. And the last, there are Words Related to Water, Words
Related to Voice, Words Related to Collisions, Words Related to Air, and
Animal Sound. Here they are the analyses:
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1. The list of onomatopoeia words in the Batman VS Predator comics.
1. Ding 21. Mrrreeeoow 41. Mmmm
2. Awroooo 22. Hiss 42. Kkppffwufff
3. Rrroowww 23. Meeeiiioo 43. Nng
4. Ggrrrrrrr 24. Rrrrncthh 44. Ssswhikkk
5. Hrruuuffffhr 25. Achoo 45. Ktttk
6. Creek 26. Schuuunk 46. Pttchannk
7. Klik 27. Brakabrakabraka 47. Kreeek
8. Chonk 28. Sniff 48. Kraaaaang
9. Skritch 29. Swhik 49. Shuuunk
10. Blup blop 30. Brapp 50. rrrchhkk
11. Kraaassshh 31. Aaaiiieee
12. Aaaaaa 32. Szzzkkkt
13. Ssshthakk 33. Blaaam
14. Chikkt 34. Chnnk
15. Unnnnh 35. Bark
16. Thluuph 36. Snik
17. Ahem 37. Aha ha ha ha ha
18. Whunk 38. Skcht
19. Nnnnggg 39. Chkkt
20. Whfff 40. Pfffft
2. The types of onomatopoeia
a. Particular Combination Letter
1) Gr- : ggrrrrrrrr (sound of groaning)
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2) Cl- : -
3) Sp- : -
4) –ash : kraaaaaassshh (sound of crashing glass)
5) Wh- :whfff (sound of punch)
6) –ckle, -ggle, -zzle : - b. Sound Resembles
1) Direct onomatopoeia is the sound of the word resembles the sound
that it names.
2) Associated onomatopoeia: the name of an object resembles a sound
associated with it.
3) Exemplary onomatopoeia: the amount and character of the
physical work used by a speaker when verbalizing a word matches
its meaning.
Types of Onomatopoeia Meaning Onomatopoeia words
1.Ding sound used to represent
the sound made by bell
2.hiss a sound of cat
Direct 3.bark dog vocalization
onomatopoeia 4.meeeiooo sound of cat
5.awwrrrrooo sound of dog
ow
6.rrroooww sound of dog
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7.blup blop sound of dropping water
8.thluup sound of dripping water
9.aha ha ha ha sound of laughter
10. Aaaaa Screaming vocalization
11. Unnh Expression of pain
12. Nnngg Expression of pain
13. Mmmm Sound of muttering
14. Blaam Sound of explosion
15. aaiiieee interjection when falling
16. whunk sound of punch
17. pfffftt sound of air blowing
18. ggrrrrr Sound of grouning
19. mmrrreeo Sound of cat
ooww
20. nng Sound of pain
21. chonk Sound of thrown cast
iron frying pan
1.Sniff to draw air audibly up
the nose especially for Associative smelling onomatopoeia 2.snik Sound of pliers that meet
metal
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3.Klik Slight sharp sound
4.ahem clearing the throat
5.achoo sound of sneeze
1.ptchaaank sound of the predator
2.skritch sound of bed’s moving
3.Kraaaaasssh Sound of crashing glass
h
4.Hruuuffft Sound of drinking water
5.Sssthaaak Sound of two metal
crashing
6.Chikkt Sound of predator
moving Exemplary 7.Rrrnnnctth Sound of pressing onomatopoeia something soft
8.Schuuunk Sound of metal striking
something soft
9.Brakabraka Sound of automatic
gunfire
10. Braap Sound of gunshot
11. Chnnk Sound of chain rattlng
12. skcht sound of the moving
clothes made by metal
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13. kkkppwuu sound of big explosion
uufff
14. kttk sound of predator
clothes
15. kreeek sound the predator press
something hard
16. kraaang sound of breaking and
explosion
17. rrrrccchk sound of pressing
something soft
18. whhhff sound of lips which got
punch
19. swhiiiikk sound of boomerang
flying fast in a long
distance
20. sszzzzkt sound of laser ray
striking
21. shuuunk sound of striking the
weapon
22. swhik Sound of boomerang
flying in a close distance
23. chkkt Sound of metal friction
24. creek Sound of door’s moving
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c. Common onomatopoeia combination
There are five groups according how they are used:
1. Words related to water Blup blop, thluup, hrruufff
2. Words related to the Aaaaa, unnh, ahem, nnngg, achoo,
voice aaiiieee, aha ha ha ha, mmmm, nng,
ptchaaank
3. Words related to Ding, klik, chonk, skricth, kraaaaashh,
collisions sssthaaakk, chikktt, whunk, rrrnncttth,
schuunk, brakabraka, braapp, blaam,
chnnk, snik, skcht, chkkt,
kkkkpwuuufff, kttk, kreeek, kraaang,
rrrcchk
4. Words related to air Whhfff, sniff, swhiiikk, szzzzkt, pffft,
sssswwhiikk, shhuuunk
5. Animal sound Awwrrrooowww, rrroooww, ggrrrr,
mmrrrreeooww, hiss, meeeiioo, bark,
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
Based on the analysis of data at the previous chapter, this conclusion
presents two subjects according to the problems formulated in chapter I. First,
it is about the analyses of onomatopoeia expression and their meaning used in
the Batman VS Predator comic. Second, it presents the characteristics of
onomatopoeia Batman VS Predator comic.
In the Batman VS Predator comic, there are 50 onomatopoeia words.
In this comic onomatopoeia words are help the reader to enjoy reading comic.
In action comic like Batman VS Predator, onomatopoeia makes the comic
more interesting. Its can make the action move like real, so many of the comic
author use onomatopoeia words in their comic.
There are three types of onomatopoeia based on Particular
Combination Letter, Sound Resembles, and Word Relation how they are used.
1. Particular Combination Letter
a. Gr- : ggrrrrr
b. Cl- : -
c. Sp- : -
d. –ash : kraaaaassh
e. Wh- : whhhfff
f. –ckle, -ggle, -zzle : -
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2. Word Resembles
a. Direct onomatopoeia
There are 21 Direct onomatopoeia words in the Batman VS
Predator comic. They are; ding, hiss, bark, meeeiioo,aawwrrrrow,
rrroooww, blup blop, thluupp, aha ha ha ha, aaaaa, unnnh, nnngg,
mmmmm, blaam, aaiiiieeee, whunk, pffft, ggrrrrr, mmrrreeooowww,
nng, chonk.
b. Associative onomatopoeia
There are 5 Associative onomatopoeia words in the Batman
VS Predator comic. They are; sniff, snik, klik, ahem, achoo.
c. Exemplary onomatopoeia
There are 24 Exemplary onomatopoeia words in the Batman VS
Predator comic. They are; ptchaaankk, skritch, kraaaash, hhrruuuuft,
sssthaak, chikkt, rrrnncth, schuunk, brakabraka, braap, chnnk, skcht,
kkkpwuuuuff, kttk, kreeek, kraaang, rrrrchk, whhhfff, swhiiikk,
sszzzzktt, shuunk, swhik, chkkt, creek.
3. Word Relation How They are Used
a. Words relater to water (3)
Blup blop, thluup, hrruufff
b. Words related to voice (10)
Aaaaa, unnh, ahem, nnngg, achoo, aaiiieee, aha ha ha ha, mmmm,
nng, ptchaaank
c. Words related to collision (22)
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Ding, klik, chonk, skricth, kraaaaashh, sssthaaakk, chikktt, whunk,
rrrnncttth, schuunk, brakabraka, braapp, blaam, chnnk, snik, skcht,
chkkt, kkkkpwuuufff, kttk, kreeek, kraaang, rrrcchk
d. Words related to air (7)
Whhfff, sniff, swhiiikk, szzzzkt, pffft, sssswwhiikk, shhuuunk
e. Animal sound (7)
Awwrrrooowww, rrroooww, ggrrrr, mmrrrreeooww, hiss, meeeiioo,
bark,
B. Suggestion
1. To the teacher
The teacher is suggested to use this comic or another English
comic as a media in teaching learning process at school, college, or
university. There are many advantages can be taken by reading English
comic. Beside the children enjoy the comic, they also get knowledge of a
new words or other literature knowledge. The children can add their
vocabulary by studying onomatopoeia.
2. To the student
The students should try to read an English comic and try to analyze
them. Not only just reading comic as a hobby, but also you can learn
something such as onomatopoeia.
3. To the reader
The researcher could only give a little knowledge about
onomatopoeia. The researcher also hopes that the reader can enjoy reading
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this thesis. The researcher also suggests that the other researcher to elaborate onomatopoeia words in other objects and can analyze more specific.
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