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Board of Commissioners BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS ANDREW H. GREEN, THOMAS C. FIELDS, ROBERT J. DILLON, PETER B. SWEENY, Resigned, November, 1871. HENRY HILTON, (L 22d (I tL HENRY G. STEBBINS, Appointed 22d " L ( FREDERICK E. CHURCH, L (6 61 << ANDREW H. GREEN, ROBERT J. DILLON, THOMAS C. FIELDS, FREDERICK E. CHURCH, , HENRY G. STEBBINS, . Resigned, 28th May, 1872. FRED. LAW OLMSTED, . Appointed, " LL I( President. PETER B. SWEENY, . To 22d November, 1871. LL I1 HENRY G. STEBBINS, . From " Vice-President. HENRY HILTON, . To 22d November, 1871. (Vacancy.) From " L L LC Treasurer. HENRY HILTON, . To 22d November, 1871. LC I L HENRY G. STEBBINS, . From " Conzptroller of Accounts. GE0RG.E M. VAN NORT. President and Treasurer. HENRY G. STEBBINS, . To 28th May, 1872. Il FRED. LAW OLMSTED, . From " " Vice-President. ANDREW H. GREEN, . From 15th May, 1872. Clerk to the Board. E. P. BARKER, . From 30th January to 26th June. 1 F. W. WHITTEMORE, . From 26th June to 10th July. \, I Secretary. I F. W. WHITTEMORE, . Office constituted 10th July, 1872. 8 I CONTENTS. Change of Administration-Reduction of Force-Contraction of Fields of Labor-Liabilities, November, 1871-Involved Accounts-Funds raised for one class of work applied to another- Plans Suspended-Location of Buildings for orMetropolitan Museum of Art and American Mn- seum of Natural History. ............................................................. PAt Union Spuare-Modification of its Plan-Statistics of Use-Projected Improvements.. ........ PAGE 4 111.-THE CENTRALPARK : Its Cost-Indications of its Value-the Increased Value of Real Estate-Statement of Valuations of Real Estate adjoining the Park for a series of years-The Rate of Taxes for 1871. Indi- cations of Value in its Use: The Continued Resort of Visitors-Little used on ordinary days except by those in comfortable circumstances, most of whom come in carriages; its present value, therefore, to be seen in its use on holidays-Basis of Statistics of Visitors-The Num6er of Vzsits :-Average daily number-Number entering four southern gates-Proportion of women and girls-Use of Park on Sundays-Proportion of visitors on foot-Visitors on Concert Days- Averages-Causes of the increased number of Sunday Visitors-Number of arrests on Sundays less in proportion than on other days--The Future of the Park-The Park yet difficult of access-Population growing around it-Effect of the Boulevard and other exterior city im- provements-Conduct of Visitors-Proportion of arrests increasing-Offences probably not in- creasing in equal proportion-Conduct of Police-Number of arrests-For what offences- Disposition made of those arrested-Cost of Police Force for a series of years--The Morse Statue, PAGE 6 Unusual number killed-Even hardy species seriously affected, exotic as well as native- Southern species in some cases affected less than Northern-Trees with roots near surface more than those the roots of which run deeper-Trees on dry soil more than those in moist soil- Trees previously injured more than others-Trees varying from the type of their genus suffered less-Trees exposed to N. W. suffered most-The autumnal growth of many trees affected, un- usually prolonged-Inquiry as to causes of the Disaster-The Snow-fall of previous winter less than average-The Springs low and Soil comparatively dry-The Frost deeper than usual- Mean Temperature for March lower than for 33 years past-On 15th March an extraordinarily severe and cold north-west wind over great extent of country-Conjecture as to its effec ts.... PAGE rg Meteorological Obseruatory-Report of Director-His conclusions as to influence of clearing of land on rain-fall and as to change of climate in Atlantic States-Question as to whether rain-fall is not more irregular-Instruments at the Observatory. Museum of Natural History-Reserved on Mondays and Tuesdays for Students-Present arrangements temporary-Collections purcha4ed -The Great Auk-Collections presented-Departments of Geology and Botany-Subscr~ptions. The Menagerie-Its Management-The interest taken In it by the public-Gifts and loans of animals for exhibition-Lions-Animals wanted ............................................. PAGE ng VI.-HARLEMRIVER AND WESTCHESTER: Work done-McComb's Dam Bridge-Proposed Tunnel under Harlem River-Iron Draw-bridges -Soundings of Harlem R~ver-Streets near High Bridge .................................... PAGE 31 Results of an investigation by a Board of Engineers-Causes of Failure-Prospects.. ......... PAGE ga vi. VII1.-WORKING FORCES AND WAGES: Gradual advance in rates since 1861 ....................................................... PAGE 34 I. Statement of Receipts and Exjendifures for the Year 1871.-Summary Central Park Construction and Maintenance-Maintenance of Museum and Observatory-of City Parks and Places-of Roads and Avenues-Construction of Museum and Observatory-Improvement of Parks and Places-Circle-Public Place, 59th Street and 5th Avenue--Above 155th Street and Public Drive-West Side Improvement-East Side Improvement-Ninth Avenue-Broadway Widening-Eighth Avenue Slope-Harlem River and Spuyten Duyvil Improvement-Eoule- vard-Seventh Avenue-Sixth Avenue-Avenue St. Nicholar-Eighth Avenue Grade-Tenth Avenue-Manhattan Street-145th Street-Morningside Avenue-Avenue at base of Morning- side Park-Westcbester County-Yonkers-West Farms-Recapitulation. 11. Statement showing the Recez~tsand ExpPndifirves fi-am 1st %nuary to I& May, 18~2.-Summary-Construction of Central Park-Maintenance of Central Park and Parks and Places-Improvement of Parks and Places-Construction of Museum and Observatory-Above 155th Street-West Side-East Side-Harlem River-Roads and Avenue-Westchester County -Recapitulation. 111. Sfafcnzent of the Cost of Maintenance of the Central Park for thr$~st Six Months of the Year 1871, in comparison with that for the covresjonding months in thz Year 1872. -Table. IV. Statement submitted to the Comjtroller, showing the Exfinditures of the Depart- ment from its organization in Ajril, 1870, to zzd Novem6rr, 1871, and the amount of funds raised on one account asd used on another during that period-Letter to the Comp- troller containing recapitulation : I. Statement showing Expenditures to 1st January, 1871 ; 2. Statement showing Expenditures from 1st January to 22d November, 1871 ; 3. Statement of Liabilities on 22d November, 1871 ; 4. Statement showing uses to which funds raised on assessment bonds were applied.. .......................?. .............................. PA~E37 APPENDIXB. REVIEWOF RECENTCHANGES AND PROJECTED CHANGESIN THE PLANOF THE CENTRALPARK. BY THE LANDSCAPEARCHITECTS : LETTER I.-Consideration of the motives, requirements and restrictions applicable to the general scheme of the Park-Alleged defects in the plans pursued previous to 187-The Annual Report of 1870 inculpates the previous administrations but the imputations made on incomplete study of the plans-Illustration from the Report-The Dairy-House and Children's District-The Consideration of the Design of the Park by the Public superficial-Reasons for the same-Attention generally directed to special structures, not to landscape efiects-Imprac- tlcable structures and plans have been suggested-Applications for the use of ground for purposes inconsistent with the purposes which the Park is intended to serve-The Park is a single work of art, and should be treated consistently throughout-What was the general motive of its design-Anti-climax to urban conditions-Relative value of diiferent classes of objects for that purpose : Pastoral the most valuable form of natural scenery attainable ; Passages of picturesque sylvan scenery valuable both directly and by contrast with pastoral ; Edifices to be built sur- rounding the Park require the interposition of trees-All other elements only accessory to those of these three classes. ................................................................ PAGE 67 LETTER11.-Examnitation of the design of the Park and of recent changes-The original design was characterized by large pastoral surfaces-Question raised by the temporary promi- nence of architectural features-The Natural school not opposed to the Architectural, but one or the other must be the prevailing school in the Park-The purpose of the Park demands that the Natural shall predominate--The principal constructions of the Park are roadways- Great display of roads antagonistic to natural and rural eifect-Most of the so-called architec- tural objects of the Park designed with a view of limiting display of roads, and adapted to cause the least disturbance of the natural scenery consistently with required convenience- Opposite purpose governing the work of the late administration-Illustrations of opposing policies-The late administration held the screening woods illegal-Conclusion ............... PAGE 87 APPENDIXC. REPORTOF SUPERINTENDENTOF PUBLIC PARKS : Condition of Roads and Walks, November. 1871-of Lawns and Meadows-of the Arsenal Buildings-of the Sheep-fold-of the Stables-of the Eu ildingsat Mount St. Vincent.. ........ PAGE 117 vii. His Apparatus-The Pencil Registers-The influence of the clearing of land on the rain-fall- Statistics of Rain-fall for the past three years-Result of Statistics since 1835-Sources of Statistics-Rain-fall in England-The. avaliable supply of Water-Change of Climate in Atlantic States-Snow-fall in New York-Observations in New England-Table showing the number of days the Hudson River has been closed with ice since 1807-No important change--Table showing mean temperature of New York in January, February and March, since 1822-NO change in winter climate-Temperature
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