DOCSLIB.ORG

Harney Lake Research Natural Area

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Harney Lake Research Natural Area 3. The Research Natural Area described in this described in supplements to the guidebook; this supplement is administered by the Fish and is the ninth supplement. Wildlife Service of the U.S. Department of the The guiding principle in management of Interior as part of the Malheur National Wildlife Research Natural Areas is to prevent unnatural Refuge. Fish and Wildlife Service Research encroachments, activities which directly or Natural Areas are administered through Area indirectly modify ecological processes on the Offices; scientists wishing to use the Harney tracts. Neither logging nor uncontrolled grazing Lake Research Natural Area should contact both is allowed, for example, nor is public use which the Area Manager (U.S. Fish and Wildlife threatens significant impairment of scientific or Service, 4620 Overland Road, Boise, Idaho 83705) educational values. Management practices and the Refuge Manager (Malheur National necessary for maintenance of the ecosystem may Wildlife Refuge, P.O. Box 113, Burns, Oregon be allowed. 97720); the Refuge Manager supervises Federal Research Natural Areas provide a management activities at the Refuge and uniquely valuable system of publicly owned and coordinates scientific work on the Research protected examples of undisturbed ecosystems Natural Area. For brief observational visits, which are available to the scientific community. permission may be obtained from the Refuge Research can be conducted with minimal Manager. interference and reasonable assurance that Harney Lake Research Natural Area is a part investments in long-term studies will not be lost of a Federal system of such tracts established for to logging, land development, or similar research and educational purposes. Each activities. A scientist wishing to use a Research Natural Area constitutes a site where natural features are preserved for scientific purposes and natural processes are allowed to dominate. The main purposes are to provide: 'Supplement No. 9 to "Federal Research Natural Areas in 1. Baseline areas against which effects of Oregon and Washington: A Guidebook for Scientists and Educators," by Jerry F. Franklin, Frederick C. Hall, C. T. human activities can be measured; Dyrness, and Chris Maser (USDA Forest Service, Pacific 1. Sites for study of natural processes in Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 498 p., illus., 1972). The guidebook is available from the undisturbed ecosystems; and Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing 2. Gene pool preserves for all types of Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, for $4.90; stock number organisms, especially rare and endangered 001·001·00225-9. species. 'Mr. Copeland is a consulting ecologist, Portland, Oregon. The total Federal system is outlined in "A 'Federal Committee on Ecological Reserves. 1977. A Directory of the Research Natural Areas on directory of the Research Natural Areas on Federal Lands of Federal Lands of the United States of America."3 the United States of America. 280 p. USDA For. Serv., Washington, D.C. In Oregon and Washington, of the 64 Federal Research Natural Areas that have been 'See footnote 1. established, 45 are described in "Federal Research Natural Areas in Oregon and Washington: A Guidebook for Scientists and Educators,"4 along with details on management and use of such tracts; 8 have been Research Natural Area assumes the responsi- tional values on the tract are not impaired, to bility to: accumulate a documented body of knowledge 1. Obtain permission from the appropriate about the tract, and to avoid conflict between administering agency before using the studies. Research on Research Natural Areas area;5 must be essentially nondestructive; destructive 2. Abide by the administering agency's analysis of vegetation is generally not allowed, regulations governing the use of the natural nor are studies requiring extensive modification area, including specific limitations on the of the forest floor or extensive excavation of soil. type of research, sampling methods, etc.; Collection of plant and animal specimens should and be restricted to the minimum necessary for 3. Inform the administering agency on the provision of voucher specimens and other progress of the research, published results, research needs; under no circumstances should and disposition of collected materials. collecting significantly reduce the population The purposes of these limitations are simple-to level of a species. Collecting must be carried out insure that the scientific and educa- in accordance with State and Federal agency regulations. 'There are five agencies cooperating in this program in the Pacific Northwest (each agency differs slightly in its requirements): Forest Service in the U.S. Department of Agriculture; Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, and National Park Service in the U.S. Department of the Interior; and the U.S. Department of Energy. A large, shallow, intermittent, internally drained alkaline lake, remnant of a larger Pleistocene lake, with alkali desert and sagebrush steppe vegetation, cold and hot springs, marshlands, sand dunes, and abundant avifauna. The Harney Lake Research Natural Area and traveling approximately 10 km (6 mil. (RNA) was established on March 4, 1975, to Vehicular access to the area is either by the exemplify southeast Oregon alkaline lakes Double 0 Road or the Refuge seasonal trail on (playas) and associated vegetation and wildlife the south side of the lake (fig. HL-3). (fig. HL-l). Most of the 12 100-ha (30,000-acre) Access to the RNA is by written permit only. RNA consists of the 11 300-ha (28,000-acre) lake Overnight camping is prohibited. Camping, 6 itself. An 809-ha (2,000-acre) strip of land dormitories, and limited laboratory facilities are surrounding the lake, within the RN A, includes available at the Malheur Field Station, 8 km (5 habitat for snowy plovers, avocets, white pelicans, mil west of the Refuge headquarters. Information terns, and migrating ducks and geese. Many on these facilities may be obtained by writing: raptors, including golden and bald eagles, use the Director, Malheur Field Station, P.O. Box 989, Natural Area at least seasonally. Active nests of Burns, Oregon 97720. Commercial golden eagles are located in and adjacent to the accommodations are available in Burns. RNA. On the observed and tentative lists for Harney Lake, 33 birds and 13 mammals are listed Envi ron ment as rare, threatened, or endangered. Harney Lake is in Harney County, southwest Harney and Malheur Lakes and several smaller of Burns, in the Malheur National Wildlife lakes are remnants of a vast Pleistocene lake that Refuge of the Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. occupied much of the Malheur Basin (Baldwin Department of the Interior. It is located in Tps. 1976). Surrounding Harney Lake are geomorphic 25, 26, 27, and 28 S., Rs. 29, 30, 31, and 32 E., surfaces varying in age from accreting sand dunes to Miocene and Pliocene tuffs and flows. Terrace Willamette meridian (lat. 43°15' N.; long. 119°10' sediments deposited at the shoreline of the W.). It is bounded on the north by the Double 0 ancient lake adjoin the present southern shore; Road (county) and the Refuge boundary, on the various sediments from the lakebed form much of east by sand dunes, on the south by the Refuge the western and northern shores. Sand dunes on seasonal trail, and by internal Refuge fencing on the east and northeast shores and igneous and the west (fig. HL-2). The entire RNA is fenced. sedimentary plateaus on the south shore are less extensive, geomorphic surfaces within the RNA. Harney Lake has no outlet. It receives water from the overflow of Malheur Lake, from Silver Creek, which drains southeastward from the Access and Accommodations southern Blue Mountains, and from a number of springs in and adjacent to the lake on the south Harney Lake RNA is located 40 km (25 mil and east sides (fig. HL-l). Data from a 1931 study south of Burns, Oregon (fig. HL-2). The area is of precipitation and tree growth in the Harney reached by traveling east from Burns on State Basin suggested that extreme fluctuations in Highway 78 for 3.2 km (2 mil, turning south on water levels have been characteristic for at least State Highway 205 and traveling for 34 km (21 the last two centuries (Piper et al. 1939). The mil, and turning west onto the Double 0 Road fluctuating surface of the lake has not persisted long enough at any level to cut a prominent beach. The lake is presently a vast body of very shallow water in wet periods and a similarly vast 6Much of the background information is derived from a alkali flat in dry periods. report by Susan Saul in 1974; on file at Malheur National Wildlife Refuge Headquarters, Harney County, Oregon. Most of the springs in and adjacent to the lake (108°F) (Piper et al. 1939). The hottest spring at are small, but a few produce enough water to Harney Lake, Harney Hot Spring, is on private maintain permanent ponds. The largest are at the land adjacent to the RNA boundaries at the eastern end of the lakebed. Temperatures of the southeast corner of the lake. Its temperature is springs vary from 21°C (70°F) to 42°C 68°C (154°F) (Waring 1965). Climate The semiarid climate is typical of cooler por- tions of the intermountain west. Precipitation occurs mainly from November through January; a smaller peak occurs in May and June. Summers are hot, dry, and mostly cloudless, with drought periods of 1 to 3 months not uncommon. Climatic data for the period 1966-73 are from the Double 0 Refuge Substation, located 6 miles west of the RN A: Soils iota The soils in the Harney Basin have been Vegetation mapped by the field reconnaisance method (State Significant changes in substrate, alkalinity, Water Resources Board 1969). Soil and moisture occur over short distances at characteristics are related to the distinctive Harney Lake.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Research Natural Areas on National Forest System Lands in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, and Western Wyoming: a Guidebook for Scientists, Managers, and Educators
    USDA United States Department of Agriculture Research Natural Areas on Forest Service National Forest System Lands Rocky Mountain Research Station in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, General Technical Report RMRS-CTR-69 Utah, and Western Wyoming: February 2001 A Guidebook for Scientists, Managers, and E'ducators Angela G. Evenden Melinda Moeur J. Stephen Shelly Shannon F. Kimball Charles A. Wellner Abstract Evenden, Angela G.; Moeur, Melinda; Shelly, J. Stephen; Kimball, Shannon F.; Wellner, Charles A. 2001. Research Natural Areas on National Forest System Lands in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, and Western Wyoming: A Guidebook for Scientists, Managers, and Educators. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-69. Ogden, UT: U.S. Departmentof Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 84 p. This guidebook is intended to familiarize land resource managers, scientists, educators, and others with Research Natural Areas (RNAs) managed by the USDA Forest Service in the Northern Rocky Mountains and lntermountain West. This guidebook facilitates broader recognitionand use of these valuable natural areas by describing the RNA network, past and current research and monitoring, management, and how to use RNAs. About The Authors Angela G. Evenden is biological inventory and monitoring project leader with the National Park Service -NorthernColorado Plateau Network in Moab, UT. She was formerly the Natural Areas Program Manager for the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Northern Region and lntermountain Region of the USDA Forest Service. Melinda Moeur is Research Forester with the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain ResearchStation in Moscow, ID, and one of four Research Natural Areas Coordinators from the Rocky Mountain Research Station. J. Stephen Shelly is Regional Botanist and Research Natural Areas Coordinator with the USDA Forest Service, Northern Region Headquarters Office in Missoula, MT.
    [Show full text]
  • Outstanding Natural Areas (ONA) - an Area with High Scenic Values That Has Been Little Altered by Human Impact
    Special Designations Presidential Designations (outside the scope of an RMP) National Monument - An area designated by the President, under the authority of the Antiquities Act of 1906, to protect objects of scientific and historical interest that are located on federal lands. Criteria for a National Monument can be found in the legislation (June 8, 1906, c. 3060, Section 2, 34 Stat. 225). Congressional Designations (Can be recommended through the RMP process) National Conservation Area - An area designated by Congress to provide for the conservation, use, enjoyment and enhancement of certain natural recreational, paleontological, and other resources, including fish and wildlife habitat. National Wilderness Area - An area designated by Congress and defined by the Wilderness Act of 1964 as a place “where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain.” Designation is aimed at ensuring that these lands are preserved and protected in their natural condition. Wilderness areas, which are generally at least 5,000 acres or more in size, offer outstanding opportunities for solitude or a primitive and unconfined type of recreation; such areas may also contain ecological, geological, or other features that have scientific, scenic, or historical value. Criteria for lands to be designated by BLM as Wilderness Study Areas and subsequently considered by Congress for designation as a National Wilderness Area can be found in the Wilderness Inventory and Study Procedures Manual (H-6310-1). National Wild and/or Scenic Rivers - A river or river section designated by Congress or the Secretary of the Interior, under the authority of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968 (WSRA), to protect outstandingly remarkable scenic, recreational, geologic, fish and wildlife, historic, cultural, or other similar values and to preserve the river or river section in its free- flowing condition.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrology of Malheur Lake, Harney County, Southeastern Oregon J, ./J V
    (200) WRi 7.3>-- ;:). , 3 1818 00029855 Hydrology of Malheur Lake, Harney County, southeastern Oregon J, ./J v- . S. GEOLOGI AL SURV EY / Water esOi:ifceTn vest iga tlo ns 2 1-75 • EP 2 3 1975 Prepared in cooperation with U. S. ARMY CORPS OF E GT EERS, Wall a Wall a Distri ct BI6LIOGR.I.PHIC DATA 11. Report No. 3. Re cipient' Accession No. SHEET 4. Title a nd Subtitle 5. Report Date HYDROLOG Y OF MALHEUR LAKE, HARNEY COUNTY, SOUTHEASTERN August 1975 OREGON 6. 7. Au thor(s ) 8. Performing Organization Rept. Larr y L. Hubbard o. USGS/WRI -21-7 5 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Project/ Task/ Work Unit No. U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division 830 NE. Holladay Street 11. Contra ct/ Grant No . Portland, Oregon 97232 12. Sponsoring Organization Name a nd Address 13. Type of Report & Period U.S . Geological Survey, Water Resources Division Covered 830 NE . Holladay Street Final Portland, Oregon 97232 14. 15. Supplementary orcs Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla Distr ict 16. Ab rracrs The various components of inflow and outf low to and from the lake and their relative magnitudes were identified. In 1972 water year the total inf low to the lake was 200,000 acre - feet, but it was only 75 ,000 acre-feet in 1973 water year. In 1972 wa ter year the Donner und Blitzen River contr ibuted 55 percent of the inflow, with Silvies River , direct prec i pitation, and Sodhous e Spring contributing 28, 13, and 4 percent respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • South End Complex Basque Wells & Craters Fires C
    SSSOOOUUUTTTHHH EEENNNDDD CCCOOOMMMPPPLLLEEEXXX & BASQUE WELLS & CRATERS FIRES BURNED AREA EMERGENCY STABILIZATION PLAN Bureau of Land Management Burns District Office U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Malheur National Wildlife Refuge August – September 2006 Prepared1 by U.S. Department of the Interior Burned Area Emergency Response Team BURNED AREA EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN South End Complex & Basque Wells & Craters Fires EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This plan addresses emergency stabilization of fire effects resulting from the South End Complex and Basque Wells and Craters Fires that occurred on the Bureau of Land Management, Burns District and Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. The South End Complex includes the Krumbo Butte, Grandad, Pueblo, Trout Creek, and Black Point Fires. The plan has been prepared in accordance with the U.S. Department of the Interior, Department Manual, Part 620: Wildland Fire Management, Chapter 3: Burned Area Emergency Stabilization and Rehabilitation (September, 2003) the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Emergency Stabilization and Rehabilitation, H-1742-1, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fire Management Handbook, Chapter 11. The plan also includes recommendations for inter mixed private lands within the burned area. The primary objectives of this Burned Area Emergency Response Plan are: Human Life and Safety • To prescribe post-fire mitigation measures necessary to protect human life and property Soil/Water Stabilization • To promptly stabilize and prevent further degradation to affected watersheds and soils Threatened
    [Show full text]
  • Constituent Power from Cultural Practice: Implications from the Malheur Wildlife Refuge Occupation
    Constituent Power from Cultural Practice: Implications from the Malheur Wildlife Refuge Occupation Juho Turpeinen Introduction I present here a defence of the people as the subject of constituent power, a case against ardently utopian thinking.1 The conjunctures in which bounded political entities are constituted are messy and problematic, but not hopeless or dystopian. This is to say, oppressive power relations are not always only oppressive, but should be viewed in context. The armed occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, which took place in Oregon in 2016, makes for an illustrative case study of political identity formation, the foundation of a political regime rooted in popular rule.2 How are such identities, the discursively constructed subject positions of democracy, possible in the first place? What allows for them to be called democratic? What role does land play in this process? Adopting the cultural studies ethos of studying not only meaning, but how meaning is produced, I approach the question of the people as the subject of constituent power by arguing for an interpretation of sovereignty as cultural practices of meaning- making, as discursive struggles over cultural meaning that challenge and are challenged by relations of power. Sovereignty as cultural practice gives us a framework for understanding these processes of identity formation on three related and synchronous levels of politics. This approach should not be confused with ‘cultural sovereignty’, whether defined as a kind of bundle of intellectual property rights protective of indigenous cultures,3 or as a normative political project that posits the right to define ‘sovereignty’ from within indigenous cultures, and in which tradition is to form the foundation of group identity and political action.4 I do, however, share with this latter conceptualisation an effort to reconsider the relationships between law, politics, and culture.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Malheur National Wildlife Refuge
    Implementation Progress Update 2021 This document is an implementation summary of the Collaborative Comprehensive Conservation Plan (CCP) between January 2013 and September of 2018. During this period significant effort was directed towards improving ecological function of aquatic systems, the highest CCP priority. Efforts were focused on Malheur Lake based on collaborative conversations and intercontinental importance to migratory birds. Resulting from extensive interactions it became clear Malheur Lake is both unique and a poorly understood ecosystem. With this as the bases to start from and through testing possible monitoring/ management techniques, it became clear a strategic ecological system approach was required. This resulted in beginning the development of a Malheur Lake systems model that would enable transfer of knowledge through time and test/inform future management decisions. Resources were also directed towards social and economic analysis to strengthen future management decisions and develop implementation resources. The other major component of improving Refuge aquatic health was development of an integrated wetland/river plan. Advancing efforts on Malheur Lake required significant commitments of resources from the Refuge and partners. This necessary commitment of resources prevented work on integrated wetland/river planning and testing. The Ecology Work Group (established in the CCP) focused on obtaining data in wet meadow habitats related to the grazing and haying program through independent third party monitoring. This collaborative effort recognized the need for developing a state and transition model. Due to habitat configurations it was found not possible to fully develop needed science on Refuge lands alone. The scientific effort was then expanded to other parts of the Basin with support from Refuge permittee resources.
    [Show full text]
  • ODFW PROGRESS REPORT Series
    ODFW PROGRESS REPORT Series 2018 Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Ecology of Redband Trout in the Donner und Blitzen River Basin US Army Corps of Engineers: W9127N‐12‐2‐0005 Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife prohibits discrimination in all of its programs and services on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex, or disability. If you believe that you have been discriminated against as described above in any program, activity, or facility, or if you desire further information, please contact ADA Coordinator, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 4034 Fairview Industrial Drive SE, Salem, OR 97302; (503)947‐6000. This material will be furnished in alternate format for people with disabilities if needed. Please call 541‐ 757‐4263 to request ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FISH RESEARCH PROJECT OREGON PROJECT TITLE: Ecology of Redband Trout in the Donner und Blitzen River PROJECT NUMBER: W9127N‐12‐2‐0005 PROJECT PERIOD: 2012‐2017 PREPARED BY: Michael H. Meeuwig and Benji Ramirez Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 4034 Fairview Industrial Drive SE Salem, OR 97302 This project was funded in part by the Native Fish Investigations Program i Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 2 Methods ....................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Definitions of Special Management Areas for Federal Public Lands
    Definitions of Special Management Areas for federal public lands Many different types of land management are applied to federal lands under as variety of regulations and prescriptions. By Gary Sprung Communications Director, International Mountain Bicycling Association, Nov. 18, 1997 The following areas or categories of areas, sites, and potential systems are regional, national, and international in scope and are managed totally or in conjunction with another agency, locale, or entity by the Bureau of Land Management. Most of these categories also apply to U. S. Forest Service areas. They are not listed in any particular order or sequence. The term "special" is limited to those areas and programs identified therein and may be expanded depending upon subsequent program and organizational capabilities at the Headquarters Office. Definitions are subject to refinement and currently form their basis from a variety of sources, i.e., statutory, policy, and program guidance. Comments to improve the definitions are encouraged. NATIONAL WILDERNESS PRESERVATION SYSTEM: An area designated by Congress to assure that increasing population, expanding settlement, and growing mechanization does not occupy and modify all areas of the United States. Designation ensures that certain lands are preserved and protected in their natural condition. A wilderness in contrast with those areas where man and his works dominate the landscape, is recognized where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not
    [Show full text]
  • Modeling Control of Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) in a Shallow Lake– Wetland System
    Modeling control of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in a shallow lake– wetland system James Pearson, Jason Dunham, J. Ryan Bellmore & Don Lyons Wetlands Ecology and Management ISSN 0923-4861 Wetlands Ecol Manage DOI 10.1007/s11273-019-09685-0 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Wetlands Ecol Manage https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-019-09685-0 (0123456789().,-volV)( 0123456789().,-volV) ORIGINAL PAPER Modeling control of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in a shallow lake–wetland system James Pearson . Jason Dunham . J. Ryan Bellmore . Don Lyons Received: 18 April 2018 / Accepted: 1 August 2019 Ó This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2019 Abstract The introduction of Common Carp (Cypri- Results from CarpMOD suggest that no single active nus carpio) into North American waterways has led to removal method would decrease Common Carp widespread alteration of aquatic ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • Stinking Lake Research Natural Area Is a Part Threatens Significant Impairment of Scientific Or of the Federal System of Such Tracts Established Educational Values
    2. The Research Natural Area described in this The total Federal system is outlined in "A supplement is administered by the Fish and Directory of the Research Natural Areas on Wildlife Service of the U.S. Department of the Federal Lands of the United States of America."3 Interior as part of the Malheur National Wildlife Of the 68 Federal Research Natural Areas that Refuge. Fish and Wildlife Service Research have been established in Oregon and Natural Areas are administered through Area Washington, 45 are described in "Federal Offices; scientists wishing to use the Stinking Research Natural Areas in Oregon and Wash- Lake Research Natural Area should contact both ington: A Guidebook for Scientists and Educa- the Area Manager (U.S. Fish and Wildlife tors," (see footnote 1) along with details on Service, 4620 Overland Road, Boise, ID 83705), management and use of such tracts; 11 have and the Refuge Manager (Malheur National been described in supplements to the guidebook; Wildlife Refuge, P.O. Box 113, Burns, OR this is the twelfth supplement to that guidebook. 97720). The Refuge Manager supervises The guiding principle in management of management activities at the Refuge and Research Natural Areas is to prevent unnatural coordinates scientific work on the Research encroachments, activities which directly or Natural Area. For brief observational visits, indirectly modify ecological processes on the permission may be obtained from the Refuge tracts. Neither logging nor uncontrolled grazing Manager. is allowed, for example, nor is public use which Stinking Lake Research Natural Area is a part threatens significant impairment of scientific or of the Federal system of such tracts established educational values.
    [Show full text]
  • Number One in Energy Consumption
    the SUMMIT HIGH SCHOOL FRIDAY, MARCH 18, 2016 PINNACLE VOLUME 15, ISSUE 4 The lights are on as the staff welcomes eighth graders as incoming freshmen for an evening of orientation activities. One reason our energy costs are higher may well rest in the fact that our school is open seven days a week and is often utilized by college and community groups in the evenings and on weekends. Building lights, heat and air conditioning units make up the largest portion of our electricity bill, which runs more than $13,000 each month. With its high ceilings and large windows, the school requires a larger amount of energy than most. Photo by Miranda Harris Hamlin NUMBER ONE IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION Kevin Crawford dollars saved for the American driver. Now, in 2016, the effects of this push for energy Editor-in-Chief efficiency, both indirect and direct, are everywhere. In April of 2010, the federal government adopted new standards for automobiles, Georgetown University, in solidarity with this national and global movement, requiring manufacturers, like Ford and Chevrolet, to improve the average fuel challenged 50 communities across the U.S. to, over a two-year period spanning from efficiency of their new-car fleets by 30 percent by 2016. The New York Times, in an 2015 to 2016, massively reduce their energy usage. editorial entitled “Everybody Wins,” said the standards would produce a “trifecta of The winning community, which will be selected in July of 2017, will receive five benefits.” In 2009, these benefits were enumerated by then U.S. Secretary of Energy million dollars to help fund further energy efficiency-improving projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of the Interior Draft
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT PROPOSED MALHEUR WILDERNESS AREA HARNEY COUNTY, OREGON PREPARED BY .DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE WASHINGTON, D. C. SUMMARY (X) Draft ( ) Final Environmental Statement Department of the Interior, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife 1. TYPE OF ACTION: Legislative. 2. DESCRIPTION OF ACTION IMDICATTNG WHAT STATES AND COUNTIES PARTICULARLY AFFECTED: Proposal recommends that approximately 30,000 acres within the 180,851-acre Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Harney County, Oregon, be designated as wilderness within the National Wilderness Preservation System. ~~~ 3. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS: No immediate or long-range environmental change would occur on the refuge as a result of the proposed action. Since designation as a wilderness is designed to protect and preserve natural environ- mentafqualities, no significant adverse environmental effects are anticipated. " ™ h. ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED: (a) Continue under present management; (b) designate a wilderness area with boundaries other than those established in the proposal. ~ —— —— —— ___, 5. FEDERAL AGENCIES FROM WHICH COMMENTS HAVE BEEN REQUESTED: Department of Commerce Department of Transportation Department of Defense Environmental Protection Agency Department of the Interior Bureau of Outdoor Recreation National Park Service U. S. Geological Survey Bureau of Reclamation Bureau of land Management Oregon State Clearinghouse Oregon State Game Commission 6. DATE DRAFT STATEMENT MADE AVAILABLE TO COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND NOTICE OF AVAILABILITY TO THE PUBLIC SENT TO FEDERAL REGISTER: DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT .PROPOSED MALHEUR WILDERNESS AREA I. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION The Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U. S. Department of the Interior, proposes that approximately 30,000 acres of the 180,851-acre Malheur National Wildlife Refuge be designated as wilderness within the National Wilderness Preservation System.
    [Show full text]