ISSUE No. 12 February 2012

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

ISSUE No. 12 February 2012 THE BOLTON ISSUE No. 12 ASTRONOMER February 2012 Next Meeting A BUMPER EDITION Attending a Star WITH SOME AMAZING Party IMAGES FROM BAS 7th February 2012 MEMBERS The monthly journal of the Bolton Astronomical Society In this Issue Setting up for Astro-imaging Image Processing Secrets 2 January Supernova Discoveries Part 5 by Ross Wilkinson David Ratledge DECONVOLUTION 22 Supernovae Featured Constellation Images from BAS Members DRACO ARTICLES AND OBSERVATIONS ALWAYS NEEDED FOR THE BOLTON ASTRONOMER Ross Wilkinson February Objects of Interest Crossword Number 12 BAS Calendar Carl Stone Jupiter Mike Schaffel Jupiter Have you spotted it yet? Please send magazine articles & MEETINGS: Ladybridge Community Centre Beaumont Drive Bolton BL3 4RZ contributions to the Editor Non-members invited to drop in to meetings which are held every other Tuesday evening at 7.30 p.m. £2 charge per Len Adam. meeting or £20 annual membership. [email protected] Go to http:www.boltonastro.org/calendar to find the next meeting. There are plenty of parking spaces at the centre. SETTING UP FOR ASTRO-IMAGING PART 5 ROSS WILKINSON IMAGES FROM BAS MEMBERS DavidGerald Ratledge Bramall David Ratledge David Ratledge Gerald Bramall David Ratledge Gerald Bramall Gerald Bramall David Ratledge Carl Stone M82 Len Adam 30s Exposure Just watched Stargazing Live on TV – the image of NGC 1365 from South Africa reminded me of the shape of galaxy NGC 2535 that I took the other night. It was good Carl Stone to see the clear skies at Jodrell Bank – it has been raining here in Spain since this morning!! Mars First attempt at taking Mars. Taken at 1.30 am in the morning. Worth the wait. Dean Kos Carl Stone M42 Orion Nebula NOAA 19 Ross Taken using the Wilkinson Society RX1 system NOAA 19 was passing northbound over Europe 83 degrees East. The yellow cross is where the receiver Carl Stone is (Bury Manchester). The image confirms that Jupiter we get clear skies once in a while. Dean Kos Dean Kos Ross Wilkinson Ross Wilkinson Horsehead Nebula Len Adam Flame Nebula Len Adam Crab Nebula Len Adam SUPERNOVA DISCOVERIES IN JANUARY 2012 2012A was imaged by David Ratledge on 13th January 2012 SN2012A in NGC 3239 13 Jan 2012 at 23:15 – 23: 35 UT RCOS 12.5 inch at f/9 + Apogee Alta U91 X 20 minute exposure with CLS Filter SN2012A was also imaged by Len Adam on the same night as above but in the early hours of 14th Jan 2012 from Spain Len Adam also imaged 2012B on 22nd January 2012 as shown below SN2012B was discovered by Jack Newton and Tim Puckett on 8th January 2012. An image of SN2012E was taken by Len Adam on the same night as above This supernova was also discovered by Jack Newton and Tim Puckett. (14th Jan 2012) A potential candidate for a supernova was imaged by the automated Optical Transient detection system called MASTER. MASTER stands for “Mobile Astronomy System of Telescopic Robots” based in Russia. (http://observ.pereplet.ru/) The automatic system detected an “Optical Transient” and asked for independent confirmation of its existence. Guy Hurst at TA Mag issued an email urgent request for confirmation. Len Adam took the image below which showed the transient. Guy forwarded this image to Moscow State University and eventually circulated this result. “MASTER OPTICAL TRANSIENT 061730.02+3540.6 The discovery of this object at magnitude 14.5 on 2011 Dec 28 was reported on TA E-Circular 2791 and optical confirmation by Len Adam on 2012 Jan 4 at magnitude 17.13 was included on E-Circular 2793. Tomasella et. al., Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica report on The Astronomer's Telegram 3869 that a spectrum (range 360-810 nm; resolution 2.2 nm) was obtained on 2012 Jan 17.87 UT with the Ekar- Copernico 1.82-m. The spectrum show a blue continuum and a narrow Halpha emission at rest wavelength. The object is therefore not a supernova but most likely a cataclysmic variable. “ For a description of what a cataclysmic variable is see C14 + SBIG ST-9XE 30s this Wikipedia page. exposure Len Adam http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataclysmic_variable_star Featured Constellation DRACO The Constellation of Draco or “ Dragon” has a long straggly shape reminiscent of that creature. The constellation contains numerous objects of interest. Many deep sky objects are contained within its boundaries including NGC 6543 a planetary nebula described Cat’s Eye Nebula in Norton’s Star Atlas as a “ Bright oval disk resembling a star out of focus, with a central star of PK_64+15.1 mag. 9.6” better known as Caldwell 6 or the “Cat’s Eye Nebula” M57 Ring Nebula The constellation also includes the galaxy NGC 5866 or M102 otherwise called the “Spindle galaxy” Use the free Stellarium Cat’s Eye Nebula Programme to research Draco objects – click on the M 56 NGC 6779 objects to see details . M108Ring Nebula M57 M109 NGC 5866 30s exposure Len Adam Len Adam 30s exp Len Adam M56 C31 M109 M108 IC 410 Len Adam NGC 5866 from the Hubble Space M13 (NGC 6205) Telescope (Courtesy of NASA) 60s exposure 13thLen May Adam 2010 30s exp Len Adam February Objects of Interest 2012 Venus and Uranus get close Len Adam On February 9th 2012 Venus and Uranus get to within 15 minutes of arc of each other . They are shown at 9 pm on the 9th February 2012. They will drop below the horizon less than 20 minutes later. A good time to try and find Uranus in COMET GARRADDyour telescope or binoculars 2009/P1 with its magnitude at 5.92. M65 NGC 3628 M66 Len Adam Len Adam Len Adam Len Adam th On 25 February 2012 the Moon is closeLen to VenusAdam – shown at 7pm . JupiterLen Adam is higher up the ecliptic between Cetus and Aries On 29th February 2012 at 7pm Mercury is in the position shown not far from Uranus with minor planet Vesta not too far away The Moon, Saturn and Mars are shown at 6 am on the 11th February above. PREVIOUS NEWSLETTERS ARE AVAILABLE IN PDF FORMAT IN THE MEMBERS AREA OF THE BAS WEBSITE This includes the previous crossword so if you have not done that you may wish to print the previous issue and solve it before looking at the solution below SOLUTION TO CROSSWORD 11 BAS CROSSWORD 12 CROSSWORD CLUES Moon Meetings Schedule February 2012 to August 2012 Meetings are held each month on Tuesday evenings, commencing at 7:30pm and concluding around 9pm. Our main meeting programme runs from September to May, and features a mixture of formal lectures and informal "Activity Nights" . Admission is free to members, and visitors are welcome at £2 per visit. Over the summer we also get together on the first Tuesdays of June, July and August. The programme of our future meetings is shown below, but may occasionally be subject to late changes, so if you're travelling from some distance, please contact the BAS Committee by email to [email protected] to confirm before making your journey. There are 9 issues of the Society Newsletter per annum with a summer break in June , July and August The Newsletter is an online PDF that can be downloaded and printed if required. Sierra Stars 0.61m Cass 180s exposure 02h 38m PST 30 Sep 2011 (10h 38m GMT) Len Adam .
Recommended publications
  • Messier Plus Marathon Text
    Messier Plus Marathon Object List by Wally Brown & Bob Buckner with additional objects by Mike Roos Object Data - Saguaro Astronomy Club Score is most numbered objects in a single night. Tiebreaker is count of un-numbered objects Observer Name Date Address Marathon Obects __________ Tiebreaker Objects ________ SEQ OBJECT TYPE CON R.A. DEC. RISE TRANSIT SET MAG SIZE NOTES TIME M 53 GLOCL COM 1312.9 +1810 7:21 14:17 21:12 7.7 13.0' NGC 5024, !B,vC,iR,vvmbM,st 12.. NGC 5272, !!,eB,vL,vsmbM,st 11.., Lord Rosse-sev dark 1 M 3 GLOCL CVN 1342.2 +2822 7:11 14:46 22:20 6.3 18.0' marks within 5' of center 2 M 5 GLOCL SER 1518.5 +0205 10:17 16:22 22:27 5.7 23.0' NGC 5904, !!,vB,L,eCM,eRi, st mags 11...;superb cluster M 94 GALXY CVN 1250.9 +4107 5:12 13:55 22:37 8.1 14.4'x12.1' NGC 4736, vB,L,iR,vsvmbM,BN,r NGC 6121, Cl,8 or 10 B* in line,rrr, Look for central bar M 4 GLOCL SCO 1623.6 -2631 12:56 17:27 21:58 5.4 36.0' structure M 80 GLOCL SCO 1617.0 -2258 12:36 17:21 22:06 7.3 10.0' NGC 6093, st 14..., Extremely rich and compressed M 62 GLOCL OPH 1701.2 -3006 13:49 18:05 22:21 6.4 15.0' NGC 6266, vB,L,gmbM,rrr, Asymmetrical M 19 GLOCL OPH 1702.6 -2615 13:34 18:06 22:38 6.8 17.0' NGC 6273, vB,L,R,vCM,rrr, One of the most oblate GC 3 M 107 GLOCL OPH 1632.5 -1303 12:17 17:36 22:55 7.8 13.0' NGC 6171, L,vRi,vmC,R,rrr, H VI 40 M 106 GALXY CVN 1218.9 +4718 3:46 13:23 22:59 8.3 18.6'x7.2' NGC 4258, !,vB,vL,vmE0,sbMBN, H V 43 M 63 GALXY CVN 1315.8 +4201 5:31 14:19 23:08 8.5 12.6'x7.2' NGC 5055, BN, vsvB stell.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrating the Wonder of the Night Sky
    Celebrating the Wonder of the Night Sky The heavens proclaim the glory of God. The skies display his craftsmanship. Psalm 19:1 NLT Celebrating the Wonder of the Night Sky Light Year Calculation: Simple! [Speed] 300 000 km/s [Time] x 60 s x 60 m x 24 h x 365.25 d [Distance] ≈ 10 000 000 000 000 km ≈ 63 000 AU Celebrating the Wonder of the Night Sky Milkyway Galaxy Hyades Star Cluster = 151 ly Barnard 68 Nebula = 400 ly Pleiades Star Cluster = 444 ly Coalsack Nebula = 600 ly Betelgeuse Star = 643 ly Helix Nebula = 700 ly Helix Nebula = 700 ly Witch Head Nebula = 900 ly Spirograph Nebula = 1 100 ly Orion Nebula = 1 344 ly Dumbbell Nebula = 1 360 ly Dumbbell Nebula = 1 360 ly Flame Nebula = 1 400 ly Flame Nebula = 1 400 ly Veil Nebula = 1 470 ly Horsehead Nebula = 1 500 ly Horsehead Nebula = 1 500 ly Sh2-106 Nebula = 2 000 ly Twin Jet Nebula = 2 100 ly Ring Nebula = 2 300 ly Ring Nebula = 2 300 ly NGC 2264 Nebula = 2 700 ly Cone Nebula = 2 700 ly Eskimo Nebula = 2 870 ly Sh2-71 Nebula = 3 200 ly Cat’s Eye Nebula = 3 300 ly Cat’s Eye Nebula = 3 300 ly IRAS 23166+1655 Nebula = 3 400 ly IRAS 23166+1655 Nebula = 3 400 ly Butterfly Nebula = 3 800 ly Lagoon Nebula = 4 100 ly Rotten Egg Nebula = 4 200 ly Trifid Nebula = 5 200 ly Monkey Head Nebula = 5 200 ly Lobster Nebula = 5 500 ly Pismis 24 Star Cluster = 5 500 ly Omega Nebula = 6 000 ly Crab Nebula = 6 500 ly RS Puppis Variable Star = 6 500 ly Eagle Nebula = 7 000 ly Eagle Nebula ‘Pillars of Creation’ = 7 000 ly SN1006 Supernova = 7 200 ly Red Spider Nebula = 8 000 ly Engraved Hourglass Nebula
    [Show full text]
  • New Type of Black Hole Detected in Massive Collision That Sent Gravitational Waves with a 'Bang'
    New type of black hole detected in massive collision that sent gravitational waves with a 'bang' By Ashley Strickland, CNN Updated 1200 GMT (2000 HKT) September 2, 2020 <img alt="Galaxy NGC 4485 collided with its larger galactic neighbor NGC 4490 millions of years ago, leading to the creation of new stars seen in the right side of the image." class="media__image" src="//cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/190516104725-ngc-4485-nasa-super-169.jpg"> Photos: Wonders of the universe Galaxy NGC 4485 collided with its larger galactic neighbor NGC 4490 millions of years ago, leading to the creation of new stars seen in the right side of the image. Hide Caption 98 of 195 <img alt="Astronomers developed a mosaic of the distant universe, called the Hubble Legacy Field, that documents 16 years of observations from the Hubble Space Telescope. The image contains 200,000 galaxies that stretch back through 13.3 billion years of time to just 500 million years after the Big Bang. " class="media__image" src="//cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/190502151952-0502-wonders-of-the-universe-super-169.jpg"> Photos: Wonders of the universe Astronomers developed a mosaic of the distant universe, called the Hubble Legacy Field, that documents 16 years of observations from the Hubble Space Telescope. The image contains 200,000 galaxies that stretch back through 13.3 billion years of time to just 500 million years after the Big Bang. Hide Caption 99 of 195 <img alt="A ground-based telescope's view of the Large Magellanic Cloud, a neighboring galaxy of our Milky Way.
    [Show full text]
  • September 2017 BRAS Newsletter
    September 2017 Issue September 2017 Next Meeting: Monday, September 11th at 7PM at HRPO nd (2 Mondays, Highland Road Park Observatory) September Program: GAE (Great American. Eclipse) Membership Reports. Club members are invited to “approach the mike. ” and share their experiences travelling hither and thither to observe the August total eclipse. What's In This Issue? HRPO’s Great American Eclipse Event Summary (Page 2) President’s Message Secretary's Summary Outreach Report - FAE Light Pollution Committee Report Recent Forum Entries 20/20 Vision Campaign Messages from the HRPO Spooky Spectrum Observe The Moon Night Observing Notes – Draco The Dragon, & Mythology Like this newsletter? See past issues back to 2009 at http://brastro.org/newsletters.html Newsletter of the Baton Rouge Astronomical Society September 2017 The Great American Eclipse is now a fond memory for our Baton Rouge community. No ornery clouds or“washout”; virtually the entire three-hour duration had an unobstructed view of the Sun. Over an hour before the start of the event, we sold 196 solar viewers in thirty-five minutes. Several families and children used cereal box viewers; many, many people were here for the first time. We utilized the Coronado Solar Max II solar telescope and several nighttime telescopes, each outfitted with either a standard eyepiece or a “sun funnel”—a modified oil funnel that projects light sent through the scope tube to fabric stretched across the front of the funnel. We provided live feeds on the main floor from NASA and then, ABC News. The official count at 1089 patrons makes this the best- attended event in HRPO’s twenty years save for the historic Mars Opposition of 2003.
    [Show full text]
  • A Galaxy Classification Grid That Better Recognises Early-Type Galaxy
    MNRAS 000,1– ?? (2019) Preprint 24 July 2019 Compiled using MNRAS LATEX style file v3.0 A galaxy classification grid that better recognises early-type galaxy morphology Alister W. Graham? Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia. Accepted 2019 June 7. Received 2019 June 7; in original form 2019 April 26 ABSTRACT A modified galaxy classification scheme for local galaxies is presented. It builds upon the Aitken-Jeans nebula sequence, by expanding the Jeans-Hubble tuning fork diagram, which it- self contained key ingredients from Curtis and Reynolds. The two-dimensional grid of galaxy morphological types presented here, with elements from de Vaucouleurs’ three-dimensional classification volume, has an increased emphasis on the often overlooked bars and continua of disc sizes in early-type galaxies — features not fully captured by past tuning forks, tridents, or combs. The grid encompasses nuclear discs in elliptical (E) galaxies, intermediate-scale discs in ellicular (ES) galaxies, and large-scale discs in lenticular (S0) galaxies, while the E4-E7 class is made redundant given that these galaxies are lenticular galaxies. Today, these struc- tures continue to be neglected, or surprise researchers, perhaps partly due to our indoctrination to galaxy morphology through the tuning fork diagram. To better understand the current and proposed classification schemes — whose origins reside in solar/planetary formation models — a holistic overview is given. This provides due credit to some of the lesser known pioneers, presents some rationale for the grid, and reveals the incremental nature of, and some of the lesser known connections in, the field of galaxy morphology.
    [Show full text]
  • M-102 (NGC-5866) Spindle Galaxy in Draco Introduction the Purpose of the Observer’S Challenge Is to Encourage the Pursuit of Visual Observing
    MONTHLY OBSERVER’S CHALLENGE Las Vegas Astronomical Society Compiled by: Roger Ivester, Boiling Springs, North Carolina & Fred Rayworth, Las Vegas, Nevada With special assistance from: Rob Lambert, Las Vegas, Nevada June 2011 M-102 (NGC-5866) Spindle Galaxy in Draco Introduction The purpose of the observer’s challenge is to encourage the pursuit of visual observing. It is open to everyone that is interested, and if you are able to contribute notes, drawings, or photographs, we will be happy to include them in our monthly summary. Observing is not only a pleasure, but an art. With the main focus of amateur astronomy on astrophotography, many times people tend to forget how it was in the days before cameras, clock drives, and GOTO. Astronomy depended on what was seen through the eyepiece. Not only did it satisfy an innate curiosity, but it allowed the first astronomers to discover the beauty and the wonderment of the night sky. Before photography, all observations depended on what the astronomer saw in the eyepiece, and how they recorded their observations. This was done through notes and drawings and that is the tradition we are stressing in the observers challenge. By combining our visual observations with our drawings, and sometimes, astrophotography (from those with the equipment and talent to do so), we get a unique understanding of what it is like to look through an eyepiece, and to see what is really there. The hope is that you will read through these notes and become inspired to take more time at the eyepiece studying each object, and looking for those subtle details that you might never have noticed before.
    [Show full text]
  • Messier 102 in Constellation Draco NGC 5866 (Also Called the Spindle
    Messier 102 in Constellation Draco NGC 5866 (also called the Spindle Galaxy or Messier 102) is a relatively bright lenticular or spiral galaxy in the constellation Draco. NGC 5866 was most likely discovered by Pierre Méchain or Charles Messier in 1781, and independently found by William Herschel in 1788. Measured orbital velocities of its globular cluster system imply that dark matter makes up only 34±45% of the mass within 5 effective radii; a notable paucity. OBSERVATION DATA (J2000 EPOCH) Constellation Draco Right ascension 15h 06m 29.5s Declination +55° 45' 48" Redshift 0.002518±0.000017 Distance 50 ± 3 Mly (15.3 ± 0.7 Mpc) Apparent magnitude (V) 10.7 Notable features - The galaxy is viewed edge on Other designations - Spindle Galaxy, UGC 9723, PGC NGC 5866, as observed by the Hubble Space 53933 Telescope One of the most outstanding features of NGC 5866 is the extended dust disk, which is seen almost exactly edge-on. This dust disk is highly unusual for a lenticular galaxy. The dust in most lenticular galaxies is generally found only near the nucleus and generally follows the light profile of the galaxies' bulges. This dust disk may contain a ring-like structure, although the shape of this structure is difficult to determine given the edge-on orientation of the galaxy. It is also possible that the galaxy is a spiral galaxy that was misclassified as a lenticular galaxy because of its edge-on orientation, in which case the dust disk would not be too unusual. NGC 5866 is one of the brightest galaxies in the NGC 5866 Group, a small galaxy group that also includes the spiral galaxies NGC 5879 and NGC 5907.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hot Gas Content of Low-Luminosity Early-Type
    ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION BY THE The Astrophysical Journal Preprint typeset using LATEX style emulateapj v. 11/12/01 THE HOT GAS CONTENT OF LOW-LUMINOSITY EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES AND THE IMPLICATIONS REGARDING SUPERNOVA HEATING AND AGN FEEDBACK LAURENCE P. DAVID,CHRISTINE JONES,WILLIAM FORMAN,IRIS MONICA VARGAS &PAUL NULSEN Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138; [email protected] accepted for publication by the The Astrophysical Journal ABSTRACT < 10 We have analyzed Chandra observations of 18 low-luminosity early-type galaxies with LB ∼ 3×10 L⊙B. Ther- mal emission from hot gas with temperatures between 0.2 and 0.8 keV comprises 5-70% of the total 0.5-2.0 keV emission from these galaxies. We find that the total X-ray luminosity from LMXBs (resolved plus the power-law component of the unresolved emission) scales roughly linearly with the K-band luminosity of the galaxies with a normalization comparable to that found in more luminous early-type galaxies. All of the galaxies in our sample are gas poor with gas masses much less than that expected from the accumulation of stellar mass loss over the life time of the galaxies. The average ratio of gas mass to stellar mass in our sample is Mgas/M∗ = 0.001, compared to more luminous early-type galaxies which typically have Mgas/M∗ = 0.01. The time required to accumulate the observed gas mass from stellar mass loss in these galaxies is typically 3 × 108 yr. Since the cooling time of the gas is longer than the replenishment time, the gas cannot be condensing out of the hot phase and forming stars, implying that the gas is most likely being expelled from these galaxies in a wind.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography Books Binney, James, and Michael Merrifield. Galactic Astronomy . Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ (1998). Burnham, Robert. Burnham’s Celestial Handbook . Dover Publications, Inc., Mineola, NY (1978). Howk Christopher J. “Extraplanar Dust in Spiral Galaxies: Observations and Implications” from Toward a New Millennium in Galaxy Morphology . Springer, NY (2000). Hynes, Steven J. Planetary Nebula. Willmann-Bell, Inc., Richmond, Virginia (1991). Kepple, G .R., and G. W. Sanner. The Night Sky Observer’s Guide . Willman-Bell, Inc., Richmond, Virginia (2000). Malin, David. Ancient Light: A Portrait of the Universe . Phaedon Press, London (2009). Smith, Michael David. The Origin of Stars. Imperial College Press/World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore, London and Hackensack NJ (2004). Watson, Fred. Stargazer −The Life and Times of the Telescope . Allen & Unwin, NSW, Australia (2004). Articles and Research Papers Aller, Lawrence H.; Hyung, Siek, “Planetary Nebulae: Their Evolution and Role in the Universe,” IAU Symposium , Volume 209. Astronomical Society of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA (2003). Anon. “Galaxy Clusters and Large-Scale Structure” Cambridge Cosmology University of Cambridge, UK (2007). http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk’research/gr/public/gal_Iss.html. Anon. “The evolution of stars between 50 and 100 times the mass of the Sun” (web site page). Royal Greenwich Observatory/National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, UK (2011). Athanassoula, E., “The existence and shapes of dust lanes in galactic bars,” Monthly Notices, Vol. 259, #2. Royal Astronomical Society, London, UK (1992). A. Cooke, Dark Nebulae, Dark Lanes, and Dust Belts, 237 Patrick Moore’s Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1186-4, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 238 Bibliography Baldwin, Emily.
    [Show full text]
  • Astro Vol.11 Issue 14
    “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. “ Neil Armstrong ASTRONEWSLETTER Volume 11, Issue 14 July 27, 2018 CONTENTS • Blue Origin’s New Shepard Vehicle Aces Test of Crew-Escape Motor ....1 • Russia Mulls Sending Two of Its FEDOR Humanoid Robots Into Space Next Year ..................................1 • 49th Anniversary of first manned moon landing ............................................ 2 • Underground Lake of Liquid Water Detected on Mars ............................. 3 • Sweet Super-Puffs: These 2 Exoplanets Have the Density of Cotton Candy ...................................... 3 • Astronomy Picture of the Day ....... 4 Russia Mulls Sending Two of Its FEDOR Humanoid Robots Into Blue Origin’s New Shepard Vehicle Aces Space Next Year Test of Crew-Escape Motor The ambitious FEDOR project has received a number of upgrades in recent years, with New Shepard flew for the ninth time on July 18, 2018. During this mission, known as plans to make the robots self-learning and Mission 9 (M9), the escape motor was fired shortly after booster separation. The Crew even to use them to create colonies on the Capsule was pushed hard by the escape test and we stressed the rocket to test that moon and fly solo space missions in the astronauts can get away from an anomaly at any time during flight. The mission was a early 2020s. success for both the booster and capsule. Most importantly, astronauts would have had A source in the Russian space and rocketry an exhilarating ride and safe landing. industry has told Sputnik that a team of two This isn’t the first time we’ve done this type of extreme testing on New Shepard.
    [Show full text]
  • Galaxy Classification
    background sheet Galaxy classification Galactic Center Survey credit: NASA, ESA, Q.D. Wang (University of Massachusetts, Amherst), and S. Stolovy (Caltech) A galaxy is a massive conglomeration of Elliptical galaxies stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gases, dust and dark matter, held together by gravitational forces. There are probably more than 170 billion (1.7 × 1011) galaxies in the observable Universe. Galaxies range from dwarfs with as few as ten million stars to giants with hundreds of trillions of stars that orbit a common centre of mass. They vary in diameter from a few thousand light years to several hundred thousand light years and are typically millions of light years apart. Galaxies are distributed unevenly in space. Some have no close neighbour, while others occur in pairs M 32, an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Andromeda that orbit each other. Most galaxies are found in credit: NASA and T. Brown, apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap991103.html clusters, which may contain from a few dozen to several thousand members. Clusters of galaxies may Elliptical galaxies have smooth, featureless light group into still larger structures, called superclusters. distributions and appear as ellipses in photographic images. They show little evidence of the presence of young stars, gas or dust. The Hubble sequence Stars in elliptical galaxies tend to move in more In 1926, Edwin Hubble proposed a classification random fashion than those in spiral galaxies. system for galaxies, based on their shape as observed from Earth. Lenticular galaxies The Hubble sequence divides regular galaxies into three broad classes: elliptical; lenticular and spiral. A fourth class is used for galaxies with irregular appearance.
    [Show full text]
  • Hubble Sees Galaxy on Edge 8 June 2006
    Hubble Sees Galaxy on Edge 8 June 2006 NGC 5866 is a disk galaxy of type "S0" (pronounced s-zero). Viewed face on, it would look like a smooth, flat disk with little spiral structure. It remains in the spiral category because of the flatness of the main disk of stars as opposed to the more spherically rotund (or ellipsoidal) class of galaxies called "ellipticals." Such S0 galaxies, with disks like spirals and large bulges like ellipticals, are called 'lenticular' galaxies. The dust lane is slightly warped compared to the disk of starlight. This warp indicates that NGC 5866 may have undergone a gravitational tidal disturbance in the distant past, by a close encounter with another galaxy. This is plausible because it is the largest member of a small cluster known as the NGC 5866 group of galaxies. The starlight disk in NGC 5866 extends well beyond the dust disk. This means that dust and gas still in the Credit: NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team galaxy and potentially available to form stars does (STScI/AURA) Acknowledgment: W. Keel (University of not stretch nearly as far out in the disk as it did Alabama, Tuscaloosa) when most of these stars in the disk were formed. The Hubble image shows that NGC 5866 shares another property with the more gas-rich spiral This is a unique NASA Hubble Space Telescope galaxies. Numerous filaments that reach out view of the disk galaxy NGC 5866 tilted nearly perpendicular to the disk punctuate the edges of edge-on to our line-of-sight.
    [Show full text]