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Home , Crab Nebula, Dumbbell Nebula, Great Rift (astronomy), List of supernovae, Little Dumbbell Nebula, NGC 5866

Bibliography

Books

Binney, James, and Michael Merrifield. Galactic . Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ (1998). Burnham, Robert. Burnham’s Celestial Handbook . Dover Publications, Inc., Mineola, NY (1978). Howk Christopher J. “Extraplanar Dust in Spiral : Observations and Implications” from Toward a New Millennium in Morphology . Springer, NY (2000). Hynes, Steven J. Planetary . Willmann-Bell, Inc., Richmond, Virginia (1991). Kepple, G .R., and G. W. Sanner. The Night Sky Observer’s Guide . Willman-Bell, Inc., Richmond, Virginia (2000). Malin, David. Ancient : A Portrait of the Universe . Phaedon Press, London (2009). Smith, Michael David. The Origin of . Imperial College Press/World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore, London and Hackensack NJ (2004). Watson, Fred. Stargazer −The Life and Times of the . Allen & Unwin, NSW, Australia (2004).

Articles and Research Papers

Aller, Lawrence H.; Hyung, Siek, “Planetary Nebulae: Their Evolution and Role in the Universe,” IAU Symposium , Volume 209. Astronomical Society of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA (2003). Anon. “Galaxy Clusters and Large-Scale Structure” Cambridge Cosmology , UK (2007). http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk’research/gr/public/gal_Iss.html. Anon. “The evolution of stars between 50 and 100 times the of the ” (web site page). Royal Greenwich Observatory/National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, UK (2011). Athanassoula, E., “The existence and shapes of dust lanes in galactic bars,” Monthly Notices, Vol. 259, #2. Royal Astronomical Society, London, UK (1992).

A. Cooke, Dark Nebulae, Dark Lanes, and Dust Belts, 237 Patrick Moore’s Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1186-4, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 238 Bibliography

Baldwin, Emily. “Old globular clusters surprisingly young” Astronomy Now Tonbridge, UK (2008). Balick, Bruce. “Planetary nebulae and the future of the ,” University of Washington, Seattle, WA (undated). http://www.astro.washington.edu/users/balick/WFPC2. Barnard, E. E. “On the dark markings of the sky, with a catalogue of 182 such objects,” The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society, Washington, D. C. (1919). Barnard, E. E. “Dark Nebulae: a Classic of Science; on the dark markings of the sky,” Science News Letter, The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 23, #617. Society for Science & the Public, Washington, D. C. (1933). Bartel, N.; B. Sorathia; M. F. Bietenholz; C. L. Carilli, C. L. and P. Diamond, P. “The nuclear jet and counterjet region of the radio galaxy A,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Washington, V (2005). Burrows, David N.; Garmire, Gordon P.; Mori, Koji; Nousek, John A.; Sangwook Park, “ Remnants,” Penn State University, Dept. of Astronomy & Astrophysics (2004). http://www.2.astro.psu.edu/xray/snr/snr.html. Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R.; P. Di Matteo; A. Lepinette; P. Miocchi, and M. Montuori. “Tidal tails around globular clusters. Are they a good tracer of cluster orbits?” The Astrophysical Journal . American Astronomical Society, Washington, D. C. (2007). Dalcanton, Julianne J. Peter Yoachim, and Rebecca A. Bernstein, “The Formation of Dust Lanes: Implications for Galaxy Evolution,” The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 608, Issue 1. American Astronomical Society, Washington, D. C. ( 2004). Dooling, David. “When stars go hyper” (1998). http://science.msfc.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ ast21oct98_1.htm. Dutra, C. M., and E. Bica. “A catalogue of dust clouds in the Galaxy,” Astronomy and Astrophysics, Main Journal 383/631. Paris, France (2002). Dutra, C. M., and E. Bica. “Foreground and background dust in cluster directions” Astronomy and Astrophysics . Paris, France (2000). Elmegreen, Bruce, and Yuri Efremov. “The Formation of Star Clusters” American Scientist , Vol. 86, #3. American Scientist Classics, Research Triangle Park, NC (1998). Franks, W. S. “Visual observations of dark nebulae,” Monthly Notices, Vol. 90. Royal Astronomical Society, London, UK (1930). Frommert, Hartmut, and Christine Kronberg. “Globular Star Clusters” (website article). Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS) (2011). < http://www.seds.org/messier/ glob.html>. Frommert, Hartmut, and Christine Kronberg. “Planetary Nebulae” Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS) (2011). . Han, C., and B. S. Ryden. “A comparison of the intrinsic shapes of globular clusters in four dif- ferent galaxies,” The Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 Vol. 433, #1. American Astronomical Society, Washington, D. C. (1994). Hinshaw, Gary. “The Life and Death of Stars, ”NASA WMAP (2008). http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/. Keel, Bill. “Galaxies and the Universe: Dust in Galaxies,” University of Alabama Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (2006). http://www.astr.ua.edu/keel/galaxies/ classify.html. Kiragaand, M. B., and K. Z. Stanek. “The Color- Diagram in Baade’s Window Revisited,” The Astrophysical Journal, 485:611–617. American Astronomical Society, Washington, D. C. (1997). Kravtsov, V.V. “Globular clusters and spheroidal galaxies of the outer galactic halo: on the putative scenario of their formation,” Astronomical & Astrophysical Transactions, Vol. 20, Issue 1. Taylor and Francis, London, UK (2001). Plotner, Tammy, “The Cosmic Cocoon – IC5146” (website: Fraser Cain) Universe Today (2008). http://universetoday.com/15412/the-cosmic-cocoon-ic-5146-by-tom-v-davis/. Richmond, Michael, “Late stages of evolution for low-mass stars” (Lecture Webpage of the author) Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY (undated). http://spiff.rit.edu/ classes/phys230/lectures/ism_dust/ism_dust.html. Bibliography 239

Ricker III, Harry H. “Report on the Discovery of Interstellar Dust Filaments,” (unpublished research article) Submitted to Sky & Telescope but rejected. (1979). . Sawyer Hogg-Priestly, Helen, Eric J. Chaisson and John Donald Fernie. “Globular Clusters,” Britannica Online Encyclopedia (undated). http://www.britannica.com.EBchecked/ topic/563485/star-cluster/52777/Globular-clusters. Searle, L. and R. Zinn. “Compositions of halo clusters and the formation of the galactic halo,” The Astrophysical Journal 225. American Astronomical Society, Washington, D. C. (1978). Shapley, Harlow.”Globular Clusters and the Structure of the Galactic System,” Astronomical Society of the Pacific 30, #173. San Francisco, CA (1918). Smith, Gene. “The ,” University of California, San Diego, CA (1999). http:// casswww.ucsd.edu/archive/public/tutorial/ISM.html. Volk, Kevin, “Possible precession motion in the Bipolar Proto-,” The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 670. Issue. American Astronomical Society, Washington, D. C. (2007). Woodward, P. R. “Theoretical models of ,” Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics . Annual Reviews, Inc., Palo Alto, CA (1978).

Additional Website Resources

International Supernovae Network. The network endeavors to help contacts and share information among supernovae enthusiasts both amateurs and astronomers worldwide. www.supernovae. net/isn.htm. pages on the web: A comprehensive, categorized list of supernovae and super- novae remnant web pages and resources. rsd-www.nrl.navy.mil/7212/montes/sne.html. Index

B D Baade’s window , 9, 148 Dark , 23, 235 Barnard, E.E. , 29 Dark lanes , 107, 116, 139, 141 Barnard’s dark nebulae , 24, 47–48 , 3, 4, 23, 61, 113, 114, 235 Barnard’s loop , 46, 81 Dark nebulae , 45, 56, 65 Barnard’s nebula (NGC 7662) , 48, 116, De Mairan’s Nebula (M43) , 81, 84–85 216, 217 Diffuse nebula , 6, 7, 17, 24, 40, 75–106 Barred galaxy , 9, 181, 192 (M27) , 26, 27, Barred spiral , 154–156, 166, 180, 181, 207, 229 191, 195 Dust , 8, 9, 48 Big bang , 1, 2, 6, 14, 19, 233, 234 Dust belts , 7, 8, 24, 27, 40, 45, 46, 50, Bipolar planetary nebula , 209, 211, 217–221 57, 59, 153–202 (M64) , 163, 176–180 , 17, 18, 20, 53, 205, 206, 213 Bok globules , 21, 43, 54, 55, 69 , 22, 51, 53, 216, 219 E , 77, 88–90, 92, 103 C Edge-on galaxy , 166, 172, 199 Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy , 135 EGG , 51, 88, 91 CCD Einstein , 9 imaging , 25 Elliptical galaxy , 114, 156–158, 184 video camera , 38–39, 42, 43, 57, 122, 123, , 211, 212, 224 159, 165, 169, 183, 212 European Southern Observatory (ESO) , A , 157–159, 200 157, 175, 176, 183, 184 , 19, 207 Christmas tree cluster (NGC 2264) , 54, 100 Cosmic microwave background , 49, 234 F nebula (M1) , 18, 26, 79, 92–94, 223 Filters , 32, 36–37, 41, 50, 66, 74, 80–82, 91, Creation of elements , 14, 15, 18, 19, 206 99, 105, 121–123, 165, 211, 219 Cygnus rift , 57–58 Fish mouth , 82, 84, 85

241 242 Index

G Leviathan of Parsonstown , 11, 117 Galactic core , 4, 8, 9, 15, 51, 58, 60, 87, 112, Life cycles of stars , 15 113, 116, 163, 167, 180 (M27) , Galactic halo , 15, 23, 40, 48, 165, 174, 180, 217–222 186, 201 Galaxies , 1, 23, 45, 108, 153–202, 207, 234 , 5, 9, 12, 15, 25, 28, 29, 39, M 67–69, 97, 107–117, 120, 121, , 16, 51, 206 123–132, 134–141, 148, 157 Markham, H. C. , 118, 119 Gravitational lensing , 3, 9, 23 Martian polar caps , 24 Great cluster in Hercules (M13) , 118 Messier (M) 2 , 137–139 Great galaxy in Andromeda (M31) , 109 Messier (M) 4 , 130–132 Great nebula in Orion , 27, 54, 77, 81, 83, 98 Messier (M) 10 , 139–140 Great rift , 8, 57–61 Messier (M) 15 , 132–134 Messier (M) 22 , 127–130 Messier (M) 52 , 124–125 H Messier (M) 64 , 176–180 ash , 17, 204 Messier (M) 77 , 185–188 Herschel, W. , 10, 11, 137, 166, 203 Messier (M) 79 , 135–136 Hoag’s object , 171, 172 Messier (M) 82 , 26, 40, 154, 157 Hogg, H.S. , 120, 121 Messier (M) 87 , 111, 164 Hooker telescope , 12 Milankovitch theory , 55 Horse and rider , 61, 68–70 , 4–9, 13, 15, 20, 23–25, 29, 39, Horsehead nebula (B33) , 45, 46, 66, 81, 88, 99 45–48, 50, 53–57, 59–61, 64, 68, 87, Hourglass nebula (MyCn18) , 209, 210, 219 108, 109, 111, 113–116, 122, 130, Hoyle, F. , 6 132, 134, 137, 141, 143, 146, 147, Hubble, E. , 12, 155 153, 154, 163, 164, 166, 167, 180, , 3, 28, 55, 88, 91, 93, 191, 192, 204, 235 95, 110, 122, 205, 209, 213, 214 Molecular , 13, 25, 40, 51, 53, 75, Hubble tuning fork , 160, 161 160, 162, 205, 207 Huygenian region , 82, 84, 98

N I Neptune , 24, 203 Illuminated nebula , 5, 7, 21, 36, 45, 46, 48, , 18, 19, 79, 93 53, 54, 76, 77, 79–81, 86, 88, 90, 92, NGC 253 , 40, 163, 180–182, 189 96–97, 103, 206 NGC 613 , 175–177, 190 Image intensifier , 26, 35, 37–39, 41, 42, 57, NGC 891 , 8, 40, 50, 166–170, 58, 77, 81, 83, 84, 90, 91, 93, 122, 123, 190, 201 143, 159, 165, 167, 174, 178, 212, 213, NGC 1068 , 185–188, 191 215, 221, 236 NGC 1097 (M77) , 160, 181–186, 191 Ink spot, the (B86) , 63, 64 NGC 1535 , 215–216, 222 Intergalactic wanderer , 114, 143 NGC 1850 , 108, 122 Interstellar medium , 6, 7, 10–13, 48–55, 59, NGC 3603 , 21 75, 79, 88, 117, 121, 153, 157 NGC 5866 , 164, 169–170, 201 Irregular galaxy , 8, 114 NGC 7331 , 174–176, 202 NGC 7662 (Barnard’s nebula) , 217 , 19, 20, 36 J Jupiter , 53, 225 O (NGC 5139) , 113, 142, L 145, 150, 157 (M8) , 5, 25, 26, 90, 103 (M17) , 26, 27, 76, 77, , 169 86–88, 103 Index 243

Open cluster , 25, 53, 58, 64, 66, 67, 76, 79, 88, S 99, 100, 103, 106, 107, 109–112, 117, Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy , 55, 150 119, 121, 124, 125, 139, 142–144, 148, Seyfert galaxy , 160, 181, 185, 192 150, 152 Shapley, H. , 113, 120 Snake nebula (B72) , 62–63, 69 (M104) , 26, 27, 170–172, 199 P , 75, 163, 180 Pease one , 134 Star clusters , 5, 9, 24, 25, 39, 45, 52, 53, 74, Peculiar galaxy , 40, 154, 156, 158, 159, 234 75, 82, 86, 88, 90, 107–152 Periodic table of the elements , 15, 205 Supergiant , 17, 18, 50, 91, 204, 205 Pillars of creation , 21, 88 Supernova , 18–20, 22, 24, 27, 36, 90, 92–95, (M33) , 26, 27, 162, 164, 190 98, 101, 104, 108, 208, 223, 226 Pipe nebula , 45, 46, 60–62, 68–70 Planetary nebulae , 7, 17, 22, 24, 25, 36, 40, 45, 50, 92, 134, 203–231 T Population I stars , 13–16, 18, 21, 111, 112, and accessories , 32–36 122, 124, 161, 162, 204, 206 Theory of relativity, general , 9 Population II stars , 9, 14–16, 39, 108, Trapezium , 82–84 111–113, 116, 117, 122, 123, 160, 161 (M20) , 5, 90–92, 101, 102 Propeller lanes , 12, 25, 29, 117, 146 , 21, 51–54, 87, 88 , 19, 93–95, 115, 223 U UHC filter , 36, 165 Ultrablock filter , 36 R Uranus , 203 Reflector, N. , 26, 34, 42 Refractor , 12, 34, 118 Richest field telescope , 33 W Ricker III, H.H. , 121 (M57) , 12, 130, 164, 200 (M57) , 208, 213–215, 224, 228 , 17, 18, 20, 205, 206 , 77, 78, 87 (M11) , 124, 125 Rosse, Lord , 11, 12, 117–119, 130, 154, 214 Wolf-Rayet star , 104, 207, 208, 226