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Index B D Baade’s window , 9, 148 Dark energy , 23, 235 Barnard, E.E. , 29 Dark lanes , 107, 116, 139, 141 Barnard’s dark nebulae , 24, 47–48 Dark matter , 3, 4, 23, 61, 113, 114, 235 Barnard’s loop , 46, 81 Dark nebulae , 45, 56, 65 Barnard’s nebula (NGC 7662) , 48, 116, De Mairan’s Nebula (M43) , 81, 84–85 216, 217 Diffuse nebula , 6, 7, 17, 24, 40, 75–106 Barred galaxy , 9, 181, 192 Dumbbell Nebula (M27) , 26, 27, Barred spiral , 154–156, 166, 180, 181, 207, 229 191, 195 Dust , 8, 9, 48 Big bang , 1, 2, 6, 14, 19, 233, 234 Dust belts , 7, 8, 24, 27, 40, 45, 46, 50, Bipolar planetary nebula , 209, 211, 217–221 57, 59, 153–202 Black eye galaxy (M64) , 163, 176–180 Dwarf star , 17, 18, 20, 53, 205, 206, 213 Bok globules , 21, 43, 54, 55, 69 Brown dwarf , 22, 51, 53, 216, 219 E Eagle nebula , 77, 88–90, 92, 103 C Edge-on galaxy , 166, 172, 199 Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy , 135 EGG , 51, 88, 91 CCD Einstein , 9 imaging , 25 Elliptical galaxy , 114, 156–158, 184 video camera , 38–39, 42, 43, 57, 122, 123, Eskimo nebula , 211, 212, 224 159, 165, 169, 183, 212 European Southern Observatory (ESO) , Centaurus A , 157–159, 200 157, 175, 176, 183, 184 Chandrasekhar limit , 19, 207 Christmas tree cluster (NGC 2264) , 54, 100 Cosmic microwave background , 49, 234 F Crab nebula (M1) , 18, 26, 79, 92–94, 223 Filters , 32, 36–37, 41, 50, 66, 74, 80–82, 91, Creation of elements , 14, 15, 18, 19, 206 99, 105, 121–123, 165, 211, 219 Cygnus rift , 57–58 Fish mouth , 82, 84, 85 241 242 Index G Leviathan of Parsonstown , 11, 117 Galactic core , 4, 8, 9, 15, 51, 58, 60, 87, 112, Life cycles of stars , 15 113, 116, 163, 167, 180 Little dumbbell nebula (M27) , Galactic halo , 15, 23, 40, 48, 165, 174, 180, 217–222 186, 201 Galaxies , 1, 23, 45, 108, 153–202, 207, 234 Globular cluster , 5, 9, 12, 15, 25, 28, 29, 39, M 67–69, 97, 107–117, 120, 121, Main sequence , 16, 51, 206 123–132, 134–141, 148, 157 Markham, H. C. , 118, 119 Gravitational lensing , 3, 9, 23 Martian polar caps , 24 Great cluster in Hercules (M13) , 118 Messier (M) 2 , 137–139 Great galaxy in Andromeda (M31) , 109 Messier (M) 4 , 130–132 Great nebula in Orion , 27, 54, 77, 81, 83, 98 Messier (M) 10 , 139–140 Great rift , 8, 57–61 Messier (M) 15 , 132–134 Messier (M) 22 , 127–130 Messier (M) 52 , 124–125 H Messier (M) 64 , 176–180 Helium ash , 17, 204 Messier (M) 77 , 185–188 Herschel, W. , 10, 11, 137, 166, 203 Messier (M) 79 , 135–136 Hoag’s object , 171, 172 Messier (M) 82 , 26, 40, 154, 157 Hogg, H.S. , 120, 121 Messier (M) 87 , 111, 164 Hooker telescope , 12 Milankovitch theory , 55 Horse and rider , 61, 68–70 Milky way , 4–9, 13, 15, 20, 23–25, 29, 39, Horsehead nebula (B33) , 45, 46, 66, 81, 88, 99 45–48, 50, 53–57, 59–61, 64, 68, 87, Hourglass nebula (MyCn18) , 209, 210, 219 108, 109, 111, 113–116, 122, 130, Hoyle, F.