The Cryosphere, 14, 2545–2565, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2545-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Surface energy fluxes on Chilean glaciers: measurements and models Marius Schaefer1, Duilio Fonseca-Gallardo1, David Farías-Barahona2, and Gino Casassa3,4 1Instituto de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile 2Institut für Geographie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany 3Dirección General de Aguas, Ministerio de Obras Públicas, Santiago, Chile 4Centro de Investigación Gaia Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile Correspondence: Marius Schaefer (
[email protected]) Received: 12 March 2019 – Discussion started: 13 June 2019 Revised: 15 May 2020 – Accepted: 14 June 2020 – Published: 10 August 2020 Abstract. The surface energy fluxes of glaciers determine 1 Introduction surface melt, and their adequate parametrization is one of the keys to a successful prediction of future glacier mass balance Glaciers are retreating and thinning in nearly all parts of and freshwater discharge. Chile hosts glaciers in a large range the planet, and it is expected that these processes are go- of latitudes under contrasting climatic settings: from 18◦ S ing to continue under the projections of global warming in the Atacama Desert to 55◦ S on Tierra del Fuego. Using (IPCC, 2019). For mountain glaciers melt is mostly deter- three different methods, we computed surface energy fluxes mined by the energy exchange with the atmosphere at their for five glaciers which represent the main glaciological zones surfaces. The processes leading to this exchange of energy of Chile.