Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(12) xx-xx

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 12 (2014) pp. 519-534 http://www.ijcmas.com

Original Research Article Phylogenetic characterization, fermentation and biological activities of an antibiotic producing clavuligerus isolated from KSA

Houssam M. Atta1,2* and Ayman M. Yassen2

1Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt 2Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Education and Science, Taif University, Al-Khurmah branch, KSA *Corresponding author

A B S T R A C T

This work was carried out for the biosynthesis of antimicrobial substance that demonstrated inhibitory effects against pathogenic microorganisms from Streptomyces sp. The KSA-T180 isolate has been considered the most potent, this was identified by biochemical, chemotaxonomic, morphological and physiological K e y w o r d s properties consistent with classification in the genus Streptomyces, with the nearest species being Streptomyces clavuligerus. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis of Actinomycetes, the 16S rDNA gene sequence and ribosomal database project consistent with Conventional conventional confirmed that strain KSA-T180 was most similar to taxonomy, Streptomyces clavuligerus (98%). The active metabolite was extracted using n- Phylogenetic Butanol (1:1, v/v) at pH 7.0. The separation of the active ingredient of the analysis, antibacterial agent and its purification was performed using both thin layer Fermentation, chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography (CC) techniques. The Biological chemical characteristics of the antibacterial agent(s) viz. elemental analysis and activities and spectroscopic characteristics have been investigated. This analysis indicates a clavulanic acid suggested empirical formula of C8H8NO5, ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum recorded a maximum absorption peak at 285 nm, Infra-red (IR) spectrum showed characteristic twenty-three bands and Mass spectrum showed that the molecular weight at 200.0. The minimum inhibition concentrations "MICs" of the antibiotic were also determined. The collected data emphasized that the antibiotic was characterized as clavulanic acid

Introduction

Antibiotics are complex chemical secondary Antibiotics are used to prevent infections metabolites, which are produced by after surgery or at open wounded areas microorganisms and acts against other (Cimochowski et al., 2001). Actinomycetes microorganisms (Singh et al., 2014). are a major source of bioactive natural

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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(12) xx-xx products. More than 10,000 substances with produce 21 secondary metabolites (Gouveia bioactivity have been isolated so far from et al., 2001; Ortiz et al., 2007 and Rodríguez terrestrial and marine actinomycetes (Berdy et al., 2008) including holomycin; a member 2005, 2012) and many are clinically used as of the pyrrothine class antibiotics, an antitumor agents, antibiotics, or antibiotic related to tunicamycin; a immunosuppressants. Members of glucosamine-containing antibiotic (Kenig Actinomycete genera are gram positive and Reading, 1979), and -lactam with high GC content in their DNA metabolites with antibiotic, antifungal (Kieser et al., 2000). They are well known activities, which is why it has been studied for production of a wide range of secondary over three decades (Thai et al., 2001). In the metabolites like antibiotics, antitumor present study were describe the isolation of compounds, immunosuppressants, an actinomycete strain KSA-T180 from Taif herbicides, antiviral and antiparasitic agents. city, KSA, which generates a production the There are 23,000 biologically active bioactive substances that demonstrated secondary metabolites produced by inhibitory affects against microbial microorganisms has been identified up to pathogenic. The identification of this strain now, and 10,000 of them are produced by based on the cultural, morphology, the order of . Streptomyces physiology and biochemical characteristics, spp. produce 7,600 of these 10,000 as well as 16s rDNA methodology. The secondary metabolites (Sacramento et al., primary bioactive substances were tested 2004 and Olano et al., 2008). Streptomyces against Gram positive and Gram negative spp. are filamentous, spore forming and bacteria and unicellular and filamentous strictly aerobic bacteria which belong to fungi. One major active compound was Actinomycetes order (Paradkar et al., 2003). extracted from the purified fermented broth High GC content genome (more than 70 and chemically characterized as clavulanic mole %) and large linear plasmids (10-600 acid, based on the elemental analysis and kb) are distinctive features of Streptomyces spectroscopic data obtained from the species (Kieser et al., 2000). Mona-Ibrahim application of UV, FT-IR and Mass (2012) reported that, the Streptomyces Spectrum and by comparison with published generally synthesis a sizeable number of data. diverse natural secondary metabolites (Onaka et al., 2001), such as antibiotics, Materials and Methods insecticides, herbicides, immunosuppressive actions (Mao et al., 2007), vitamins, Actinomycete isolate: The actinomycete alkaloids, plant growth factor, enzymes and isolate KSA-T180 was isolated from soil enzyme inhibitors (Augustine et al., 2005). sample collected from Taif city, Saudi Secondary metabolite production of Arabia kingdom. It was purified using the Streptomyces is strictly related and regulated soil dilution plate technique described by with morphological changes (Paradkar et al., (Williams and Davis, 1965). 2003). Streptomyces clavuligerus has been the subject of extensive research in the last Test organisms: The test strains 30 years because of its ability to produce - Staphylococcus aureus, NCTC 7447; lactam metabolites with antibiotic, Bacillus subtilis, NCTC 1040 ; Bacillus antifungal and -lactamase-inhibitory pumilus, NCTC 8214 ; Micrococcus luteus, activities (Thai et al., 2001 and Bibb, 2005). ATCC 9341.Escherichia coli, NCTC 10416; Streptomyces clavuligerus is known to Klebsiella pneumonia, NCIMB 9111;

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ATCC 10145; DNA Isolation and Manipulation: The Candida albicans, IMRU 3669; locally isolated actinomycete strain was Saccharomyces cervisiae ATCC 9763; grown for seven days on a starch agar slant Aspergillus flavus, IMI 111023, Aspergillus at 30°C. Two ml of a spore suspension were fumigatous, ATCC 16424 ; Fusarium inoculated into the starch- nitrate broth and oxysporum and Penicillium chrysogenum incubated for five days on a shaker was collection, National Research Centre, incubator at 200 rpm and 30°C to form a Dokki-Giza, Egypt. pellet of vegetative cells (pre-sporulation). The preparation of total genomic DNA was Culture media: The seed medium had the conducted in accordance with the methods following composition (in g/L distilled described by (Sambrook et al., 1989). water): glycerol, 15; bacto-peptone, 10; malt extract, 10; yeast extract, 1.0; K2HPO4, 2.5; Amplification and Sequencing of the 16S MgSO4·7H2O, 0.75; MnCl2·4H2O, 0.001; rDNA Gene: PCR amplification of the 16S FeSO4·7H2O, 0.001; and ZnSO4·7H2O, rDNA gene of the local actinomycete strain 0.001. The pH of the medium was adjusted was conducted using two primers, StrepF; to 6.8 with NaOH 5.0 M before autoclaving 5.-ACGTGTGCAGCCCAAGACA-3. and at 121 °C for 15 min. The inoculum medium Strep R; 5.ACAAGCCCTGGAAACGGG used in the cultivations, based on that GT-3., in accordance with the method proposed by (Maranesi et al., 2005), had the described by (Edwards et al., 1989). The following composition (in g/L distilled PCR mixture consisted of 30 pmol of each water): glycerol, 10; soybean, 20; K2HPO4, primer, 100 ng of chromosomal DNA, 200 1.2; MnCl2·4H2O, 0.001; FeSO4·7H2O, M dNTPs, and 2.5 units of Taq 0.001; ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.001, pH 6.8. The polymerase, in 50 l of polymerase buffer. composition of the production medium was Amplification was conducted for 30 cycles similar to that used for the inoculum, except of 1 min at 94°C, 1 min of annealing at for the concentration of glycerol (5.0 g/L). 53°C, and 2 min of extension at 72°C. The PCR reaction mixture was then analyzed via Screening for antimicrobial activity: The agarose gel electro phoresis, and the anti- microbial activity was determined remaining mixture was purified using QIA according to (Kavanagh, 1972). quick PCR purification reagents (Qiagen, USA). The 16S rDNA gene was sequenced Conventional Taxonomy: The cultural, on both strands via the dideoxy chain morphological, physiological and termination method, as described by (Sanger biochemical characteristics of strain KSA- et al., 1977). T180 were assessed following the guidelines adopted by the International Streptomyces Sequence Similarities and Phylogenetic Project (ISP) (Shrilling and Gottlieb, 1966). Analysis: The BLAST program The diaminopimelic acid (LL-DAP) isomers (www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/blst) was employed (chemotaxonomy character) in the cell wall in order to assess the degree of DNA were analysed as described by (Lechevalier similarity. Multiple sequence alignment and and Lechevalier, 1980). The media molecular phylogeny were evaluating using composition and the cultivation conditions BioEdit software (Hall, 1999). The were implemented as described by (Shrilling phylogenetic tree was displayed using the and Gottlieb, 1966). Colors characteristics TREE VIEW program. were assessed on the scale developed by (Kenneth and Deane, 1955). 521

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Fermentation: A loopful of the, the silica gel column surface and the extract Streptomyces sp. from the 5-day culture age was adsorbed on top of silica gel. Fifty was inoculated into 250 ml Erlenmeyer fractions were collected (each of 5 ml) and flasks containing 75 ml of antibiotic tested for their antimicrobial activities (Lu et production medium had the following al., 2008). composition (in g/L distilled water): glycerol, 5; soybean flour, 20; K2HPO4, 1.2; Elemental and Spectroscopic analysis: MnCl2·4H2O, 0.001; FeSO4·7H2O, 0.001; The elemental analysis C, H, O, and N and ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.001, pH 6.8. The flasks Spectroscopic analysis IR, UV and Mass were incubated on a rotary shaker (200 rpm) spectrum were determined at the micro- at 30 0C for 5 days. Twenty-liter total analytical center of Cairo University, Egypt. volume was filtered through Whatman No.1 filter paper, followed by centrifugation at Determination of minimum inhibitory 5000 r.p.m for 20 minutes. The clear filtrates concentration: The minimum inhibitory were tested for their activities against the concentration (MIC) could be determined by test organisms (Neto et al., 2005). the cup assay method (Kavanagh, 1972).

Extraction : The clear filtrate was adjusted Characterization of the antibiotic: The at different pH values (4 to 9) and extraction antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp. was process was carried out using different identified according to the recommended solvents separately at the level of 1:1 (v/v). international references of (Umezawa, 1977; The organic phase was concentrated to Berdy, 1974; Berdy, 1980a b & c and Eric, dryness under vacuum using a rotary 1999). evaporator (Atta, 2013). Result and Discussion Precipitation: The precipitation process of the crude compound dissolved in the least Screening for the antimicrobial activities amount of the solvent carried out using petroleum ether (b.p 60-80 °C) followed by The metabolites of the Streptomyces sp. centrifugation at 5000 r.p.m for 15 min. The exhibited various degrees of activities precipitate was tested for its antimicrobial against Gram positive and Gram negative activities (Atta et al., 2010). bacteria viz: Staphylococcus aureus, NCTC 7447; Bacillus subtilis, NCTC 1040 ; Separation: Separation of the antimicrobial Bacillus pumilus, NCTC 8214 ; agent(s) into its individual components was Micrococcus luteus, ATCC conducted by thin layer chromatography 9341.Escherichia coli, NCTC 10416; using n-Butanol: acetic acid: water (3:1:1 Klebsiella pneumonia, NCIMB 9111; v/v). as a solvent system (Atta et al., 2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ATCC 10145 (Table 1). Purification: The purification of the antimicrobial agent(s) was carried out using Identification of the Most Potent silica gel column (2 X 25) chromatography. Actinomycete Isolate Chloroform-methanol (10:2, v/v), was used as an eluting solvent. The column was left Morphological Characteristics for overnight until the silica gel (Prolabo) was completely settled. One-ml crude The vegetative mycelia grew abundantly on precipitate to be fractionated was added on both synthetic and complex media. The 522

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(12) xx-xx aerial mycelia grew abundantly on Starch- Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763 and nitrate agar medium Oat-meal agar medium Aspergillus niger IMI 31276 (Table 2). (ISP-3) and Inorganic salts-starch agar medium (ISP-4). The Spore chains were Color and Culture Characteristics rectiflexibiles, and had a smooth surface (Plate 1). Neither both sclerotic granules and The actinomycete isolate shows the aerial sporangia nor flagellated spores were mycelium is grayish yellow; substrate observed (Table 2). mycelium is light yellowish brown, and the diffusible pigment moderate yellowish Cell Wall Hydrolysate brown for ISP-2, 6 & 7 (Table 3).

The cell wall hydrolysate contains LL- Taxonomy of Actinomycete Isolate diaminopimelic acid (LL-DAP) and sugar pattern not detected. This was performed basically according to the recommended international Key s viz. Physiological and Biochemical (Buchanan and Gibsons, 1974; Williams, Characteristics 1989; and Hensyl, 1994) and Numerical taxonomy of Streptomyces species program The actinomycete isolate KSA-T180 could (PIB WIN). On the basis of the previously hydrolyzes starch, protein, lipid and lecithin, collected data and in view of the whereas pectin hydrolysis and catalase test comparative study of the recorded properties are negative, melanin pigment is negative, of actinomycete isolate in relation to the degradation of esculin & xanthin was closest reference strain, viz. Streptomyces positive, citrate utilization, urea and KCN clavuligerus it could be stated that the utilization were positive, whereas nitrate actinomycetes isolate KSA-T180 is reduction, H2S production is negative (Table suggestive of being likely belonging to 2). Streptomyces clavuligerus, KSA-T180.

The isolate KSA-T180 utilizes meso- Molecular phylogeny of the selected inositol, starch, L-phenylalanine, L-valine, isolate L-arginine, L-tyrosine and L-histidine, but do not utilize D-mannose, D-mannitol, D- The 16S rDNA sequence of the local isolate glucose, D-fructose, D-xylose, D-galactose, was compared to the sequences of maltose, lactose, L-rhamnose, sucrose, Streptomyces spp. In order to determine the raffinose, L-arabinose, and cycteine. Growth relatedness of the local isolate to these was detected in presence of up to (7%) Streptomyces strains. The phylogenetic tree NaCl. The isolate KSA-T180 utilizes (as displayed by the Tree View program) sodium azid (0.01%), phenol (0.01%); but revealed that the locally isolated strain is do not utilize in thallous acetate (0.001). closely related to Streptomyces sp., the most Good growth could be detected within a potent strain evidenced an 98% similarity temperature range of 30 to 45ºC. Good with Streptomyces clavuligerus (Fig. 1). growth could be detected within a pH value range of 5 to 9. Moreover, the actinomycete Fermentation, Extraction and isolate KSA-T180 are active against Purification Bacillus subtilis, NCTC 1040; Micrococcus luteus, ATCC 9341, but not active against The fermentation process was carried out for

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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(12) xx-xx five days at 30 C. After incubation period, Spectroscopic Characteristics the filtration was conducted followed by centrifugation at 4000 r.p.m. for 15 minutes. The spectroscopic analysis of the purified of The entire culture broth (20 liters) was -lactamase inhibitor compound produced centrifuged (4000 rpm, 15 minutes) to by Streptomyces clavuligerus, the ultraviolet separate the mycelium and the supernatant. (UV) absorption spectrum recorded a The supernatant was extracted with n- maximum absorption peaks at 285 nm (Fig. butanol (1:1, v/v) and the organic layer was 3). The Infra-red (IR) spectrum showed evaporated to give an oily material. The oily characteristic bands 589, 600, 650, 708, 734, material was then dissolved in 15% aqueous 800, 850, 880, 900, 950, 976, 1062, 1101, methanol and defatted by partitioning with 1224, 1300, 1338, 1550, 1618, 1700, 2800, petroleum ether (b.p. 60-80 C) to give a 2886, 3012 and 3420 (Fig.4). The Mass solid extract. Separation of antimicrobial spectrum showed that the molecular weight agent into individual components was at 200.0 (Fig.5). carried out by thin-layer chromatography using a solvent system composed of n- MIC of -lactamase Inhibitory Protein Butanol: acetic acid: water (3:1:1 v/v). Only one band at Rf = 0.6 showed antibacterial The MIC of antibiotic produced by activity. The purification process through Streptomyces clavuligerus, KSA-T180 for column chromatography packed with silica Staphylococcus aureus, NCTC 7447 and gel, revealed that the most active fractions Bacillus subtilis, NCTC 1040 was 7.8 µg / against the tested organisms ranged ml, whereas, Bacillus pumilus, NCTC between, 23 to 30. 8214 and Micrococcus luteus, ATCC 9341 was 15.6 µg / ml. Escherichia coli, NCTC Physicochemical characteristics 10416 and Klebsiella pneumonia, NCIMB 9111 was 31.25 µg / ml. Moreover, The purified antibacterial agent produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 46.87 µg / Streptomyces clavuligerus, KSA-T180 are ml. produces characteristic odour, their melting points are 118 C. The compound is freely Identification of the -lactamase Inhibitor soluble in chloroform, ethyl acetate, n- butanol, acetone, ethyl alcohol, methanol On the basis of the recommended keys for and 10 % isopropyl alcohol, but insoluble in the identification of antibiotic, it could be petroleum ether, hexan and benzene. stated that the antibiotic suggestive of being belonging to clavulanic acid (Chen, et al., Elemental analysis 2003; Parag et al., 2006 and Awad & El- Shahed, 2013) The elemental analytical data of -lactamase inhibitor compound produced by The Streptomyces clavuligerus was isolated Streptomyces clavuligerus, showed the from Taif city, KSA. The isolate was following: The elemental analytical data of growing on production medium had the the antibiotic indicated that: C=45.65; following composition (in g/L distilled H=3.8; N= 7.1; O= 43.45 and S= 0.0. This water): glycerol, 5; soybean flour (SF), 20; analysis indicates a suggested empirical K2HPO4, 1.2; MnCl2·4H2O, 0.001; formula of: C8H8NO5. FeSO4·7H2O, 0.001; ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.001, pH 6.8. for investigating its potency to

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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(12) xx-xx produce antibacterial agents. The The active metabolites were extracted by n- actinomycete isolate, exhibited a wide butanol at pH 7. Similar results were spectrum antibacterial agent (Kavanagh, obtained by (Sekiguchi, et al., 2007). The 1972). Due to the selective isolation of soil organic phase was collected and evaporated actinomycetes for finding novel strains under reduced pressure using a rotary which can produce useful bioactive evaporator. The extract was concentrated compounds, thus various culture media and and treated with petroleum ether (b.p. 40- techniques have been developed (Hozzein et 60 C) for precipitation process where only al., 2008 and Dhananjeyan et al., 2010). one fraction was obtained in the form of Identification process had been performed yellowish ppt. and then tested for their (Williams, 1989; Hensyl, 1994 and Holt et antibacterial activity. Separation of al., 2000). The morphological antibiotic into individual components has characteristics and microscopic examination been tried by thin-layer chromatography emphasized that the spore chain is spiral. using a solvent system composed n-butanol- Spore mass is grayish yellow, while spore acetic acid -water (3:1:1, v/v) as developing surface is smooth, substrate mycelium is solvent (Zhang et al, 2007 and Atta et al., light yellowish brown and diffusible 2009). For the purpose of purification pigment moderate yellowish brown. The process, the antibiotic were allowed to pass results of physiological, biochemical through a column chromatography packed characteristics (Table 2) and cell wall with silica gel and eluting solvent was hydrolysate of actinomycete isolate, composed of chloroform and methanol (10:2 exhibited that the cell wall containing LL- v/v), fifty fractions were collected and tested diaminopimelic acid (DAP). These results for their activities. The most active fractions emphasized that the actinomycetes isolate against the tested organisms ranged related to a group of Streptomyces as between, 23 to 30. Similarly, many workers previously studied (Reddy et al., 2011; used a column chromatography packed with Afifi et al., 2012 and Muharram et al., silica gel and an eluting solvent composed 2013). of various ratios of chloroform and methanol (Criswell et al. 2006; El-Naggar et al., 2006 The phylogenetic tree (diagram) revealed and Sekiguchi, et al., 2007). that the local isolate KSA-T180 is closely related Streptomyces clavuligerus, similarity The elemental analytical data of matrix is 98% as identified strain antibacterial agent produced by of Streptomyces clavuligerus. Similar result Streptomyces clavuligerus, showed the for identified strain of Streptomyces following: The elemental analytical data of plicatus (strain 101) by (Kang et al., 2000; the antibiotic indicated that: C=45.65; Anderson & Wellington, 2001and Zamanian H=3.8; N= 7.1; O= 43.45 and S= 0.0. This et al., 2005) Streptoverticillium sp. and analysis indicates a suggested empirical two Streptomyces sp. by (Raja et al. 2010). formula of: C8H8NO5. The spectroscopic In view of all the previously recorded data, analysis of the purified of antibacterial agent the identification of actinomycete isolate produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus, the KSA-T180 was suggestive of being ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum belonging to Streptomyces clavuligerus, recorded a maximum absorption peak at 285 KSA-T180, as previously reported (Ghadin nm (Fig. 2). et al., 2008 and Ubukata et al., 2007).

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Table.1 Mean diameters of inhibition zones (mm) caused by 100µl of the antimicrobial activities produced by KSA-T180 in the agar plate diffusion assay (The diameter of the used cup assay was 10 mm). Test organism Mean diameters of inhibition zone (mm) Staphylococcus aureus, NCTC 7447 3 .0 Bacillus subtilis, NCTC 1040 31.0 Bacillus pumilus, NCTC 8214 30.0 Micrococcus luteus, ATCC 9341 29.0 Escherichia coli, NCTC 10416 29.0 Klebsiella pneumonia, NCIMB 9111 27.0 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ATCC 10145 24.0 Candida albicans, IMRU 3669 0.0 Saccharomyces cervisiae ATCC 9763 0.0 Aspergillus flavus, IMI 111023 0.0 Aspergillus fumigatous, ATCC 16424 0.0 Fusarium oxysporum 0.0 Penicillium chrysogenum 0.0

Plate.1 Scanning electron micrograph of the actinomycete isolate KSA-T180 growing on starch nitrate agar medium showing spore chain Spiral shape and spore surfaces smooth (X7,500)

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Table.2 The morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the actinomycete isolate KSA-T180

Characteristic Result Characteristic Result Morphological characteristics Mannitol - Spore chains Rectiflexibiles L- Arabinose - Spore mass grayish yellow meso-Inositol + Spore surface smooth Lactose - Color of substrate mycelium Light yellowish brown Maltose - Motility Non-motile D-fructose - Cell wall hydrolysate Utilization of amino acids: Diaminopimelic acid (DAP) LL-DAP L-Cycteine - Sugar Pattern Not-detected L-Valine + Physiological and biochemical properties L-Histidine + Hydrolysis of:- L-Phenylalanine + Starch + L-Arginine Protein + L-Tyrosine Lipid + Growth inhibitors Pectin - Sodium azide (0.01) + Lecithin + Phenol (0.1) + Catalase test - Thallous acetate (0.001) - Production of melanin pigment on Growth at different temperatures ( C): Peptone yeast- extract iron agar - 20 - Tyrosine agar medium - 25 ± Tryptone yeast extract broth - 30-45 + Degradation of 50 - Xanthin + Growth at different pH values: Esculin + 4 - H2S Production - 5-9 + Nitrate reduction - 10 - Citrate utilization + Growth at different concentration of NaCl (%) Urea test + 1-7 + KCN test + 10 - Utilization of carbon sources Antagonistic Effect: D-Xylose - Bacillus subtilis + D- Mannose - Micrococcus luteus + D- Glucose - Saccharomyces cerevisiae - D- Galactose - Aspergillus niger - Sucrose - L-Rhamnose - Raffinose - Starch +++ +Positive, - = Negative and ± = doubtful results, ++ = good growth.

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Table.3 Cultural characteristics of the actinomycete isolate KSA-T180

Aerial Medium Growth Substrate mycelium Diffusible pigment mycelium 90-gy-y 76.1.y Br 77 m-y Br 1- Starch-nitrate agar medium Good grayish yellow light yellowish brown moderate yellowish brown 2- Yeast extract - Malt extract agar medium (ISP-2) No growth - - - 90-gy-y 76.1.y Br 3- Oat-meal agar medium (ISP-3) Good - grayish yellow light yellowish brown 90-gy-y 76.1.y Br 4- Inorganic salts-starch agar medium (ISP-4) Good - grayish yellow light yellowish brown 90-gy-y 93-y-Gray 5- Glycerol-Asparagine agar medium (ISP-5) Moderate - grayish yellow yellowish gray 6- Melanin test: No growth - - - a- Tryptone-yeast extract broth (ISP-1) 90-gy-y 76.1.y Br 77 m-y Br b- Peptone yeast extract-iron agar medium (ISP-6) Good grayish yellow light yellowish brown moderate yellowish brown 90-gy-y 76.1.y Br 77 m-y Br c- Tyrosine agar (ISP-7) Good grayish yellow light yellowish brown moderate yellowish brown The color of the organism under investigation was consulted using the ISCC-NBS color - Name charts II illustrated with centroid color.

Fig.1 The phylogenetic position of the local Streptomyces sp. strain among neighboring species. The phylogenetic tree was based on the multiple alignments options of 16S rDNA sequences

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Fig.2 Ultraviolet absorbance of antibiotic produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus, KSA-T180

Fig.3 FTIR spectrum of antibiotic produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus, KSA-T180

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Fig.4 Mass spectrum of antibiotic produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus, KSA-T180

The Infra-red (IR) spectrum showed 2003; Parag et al., 2006 and Awad & El- characteristic bands 589, 600, 650, 708, Shahed, 2013). 734, 800, 850, 880, 900, 950, 976, 1062, 1101, 1224, 1300, 1338, 1550, 1618, 1700, References 2800, 2886, 3012 and 3420 (Fig.3). The Mass spectrum showed that the molecular Afifi, M.M.; Atta, H.M.; Elshanawany, weight at 200.0. Similar investigations and A.A.; Abdoul-Raouf, U.M. and El- results were attained by (Baptista-Neto et Adly, A.M. 2012. Biosynthesis of al., 2000; Parag et al., 2006; Awad and El- hygromycin-B antibiotic by Shahed, 2013 and Atta et al., 2013). The Streptomyces crystallinus AZ151 MIC of antibiotic produced by isolated from Assuit, Egypt. Bacteriol. Streptomyces clavuligerus, KSA-T180 for J., 2: 46-65. Staphylococcus aureus, NCTC 7447 and Anderson, A.S., and Wellington, E.M. Bacillus subtilis, NCTC 1040 was 7.8 µg / 2001. The taxonomy of Streptomyces ml, whereas, Bacillus pumilus, NCTC and related genera. Int. J. Syst. Evol. 8214 and Micrococcus luteus, ATCC 9341 Microbiol., 51: 797-814. was 15.6 µg / ml. Escherichia coli, NCTC Atta, H. M. 2010. Production, Purification, 10416 and Klebsiella pneumonia, NCIMB Physico-Chemical Characteristics and 9111 was 31.25 µg / ml. Moreover, Biological Activities of Antifungal Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 46.87 µg / Antibiotic Produced by Streptomyces ml. Similar investigations and results were antibioticus, AZ-Z710. American- attained by (Parag et al., 2006 and Awad Eurasian Journal of Scientific et al., 2009). Identification purified Research. 5 (1): 39-49, 2010. antibiotic according to recommended Atta, H. M.; A. T. Abul-hamd and H. G. international keys indicated that the Radwan, 2009. Production of antibiotic is suggestive of being belonging Destomycin-A antibiotic by to clavulanic acid antibiotic (Chen, et al., Streptomyces sp. using rice straw as 530 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(12) xx-xx

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