Camila Dussan SIMPL.Pdf

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Camila Dussan SIMPL.Pdf Camila Monje Dussán Inferindo o hábito hemiepífito em Ficus L. (Moraceae) por meio da anatomía do xilema secundário em espécies viventes e fósseis Inferring the hemiepiphytic habit in Ficus L. (Moraceae) through wood anatomical characters in modern and fossil woods São Paulo 2020 Camila Monje Dussán Inferindo o hábito hemiepífito em Ficus L. (Moraceae) por meio da anatomía do xilema secundário em espécies viventes e fósseis Inferring the hemiepiphytic habit in Ficus L. (Moraceae) through wood anatomical characters in modern and fossil woods Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, para a obtenção de Título de Mestre em Botânica, na Área de Anatomia Vegetal. Orientadora: Veronica Angyalossy São Paulo 2020 Ficha Catalográfica Monje Dussán, Camila Inferring the hemiepiphytic habit in Ficus L. (Moraceae) through wood anatomical characters in modern and fossil woods 53 páginas Dissertação (Mestrado) - Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Botânica. 1. Habit 2. Secondary xylem 3. Stem 4. Aerial roots 5. section Pharmacosycea 6. subgenera Spherosuke 7. Ficoxylon I. Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências. Departamento de Botânica. Comissão Julgadora: ________________________ _______________________ Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). ______________________ Prof(a). Dr.(a). Veronica Angyalossy Orientador(a) The present is the key to the past Charles Lyell Um dia de chuva é tão belo como um dia de sol. Ambos existem; cada um como é. Fernando Pessoa AGRADECIMENTOS Quero agradecer a todas as pessoas que contribuíram direta ou indiretamente e tornaram possível esta dissertação, por meio de discussões, sugestões e apoio. À Universidade de São Paulo e ao Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal do Departamento de Botânica do Instituto de Biociências, por terem me recebido com tanta generosidade. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES/PROEX, pelos dois anos de bolsa concedida e pelo apoio financeiro para a participação do congresso em Cuiabá-MT. Sou profundamente grata à minha orientadora Veronica Angyalossy, por ter aceito me orientar, por me estimular a sempre ir além das minhas ideias e pelos ensinamentos não só de anatomia, mas também da vida. Te agradeço também pela sensibilidade, empatia e carinho com que você sempre me recebeu em momentos difíceis. Agradeço profundamente ao Leandro Pederneiras por ter sido como um segundo orientador deste estudo. Obrigada por todas as sugestões, ideias, incentivo, apoio e também pela ajuda com as coletas e identificações taxonômicas. À minha querida família, meus pais, Jenny e César, e minha irmã Juanita, agradeço infinitamente pelo incentivo, inspiração, apoio e sobretudo pelo carinho que recebo dia a dia de vocês. Vocês são a minha base, e essa dissertação não seria possível sem vocês. Agradeço a todos os Veronicos pelas valiosas discussões, sugestões e convivência: Israel Cunha, André Lima, Caian Gerolamo, Marina Milanello, Mariana Victorio, Erica Moniz, Ricardo Hideaki, Lui Teixeira, Juliana Pimentel, Marcelo Pace, Claudia Leme, e Carolina Bastos. Quero agradecer especialmente a André Lima pelas valiosas sugestões sobre as hemiepífitas. A Caian Gerolamo pelos ensinamentos sobre condutividade hidráulica e a Israel Cunha, Erica Moniz e Mari Victorio por me ensinarem e me apresentarem várias técnicas de laboratório. A Gisele Costa, Tassia dos Santos e Paula Alecio por sempre estarem dispostas a me ajudar com tudo que precisei no laboratório e na xiloteca. A todas as pessoas que me ajudaram com as coletas em campo, participando diretamente das coletas ou enviando materiais: Leandro Pederneiras, João Paulo Basso-Alves, Joseane Souza, Sr. Manoel, Marcelo Devecchi e Gregório Ceccantini. Aos meus amigos do Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal e do Laboratório de Botânica Sistemática pela convivência e o acolhimento com que sempre me receberam. Agradeço especialmente a meus amigos Sandra Reinales, Juan Pablo Narváez e Oris Rodríguez e aos meus pais César e Jenny por lerem e revisarem várias partes da dissertação e darem importantes sugestões de melhorias. À minha irmã Juanita e à Isis Vasconcelos de Brito que me ajudaram com a formatação e organização do documento final. Agradeço às amigas Sandra Reinales, Lina Borda e Maria Camila Medina por serem meu lar colombiano aqui no Brasil. Às minhas irmãs brasileiras, Kavita Hamza e Isis Vasconcelos de Brito, por todos os momentos vividos, pela amizade e companheirismo. A todos os meus amigos corredores, obrigada por todas as corridas matinais, por todo o apoio e por compartilharem um hobby tão incrível! Aos meus amigos que deixei na Colômbia, Paola, Dallitos, Angela, Marcela e Eduardo por todos os anos de amizade, por estarem sempre presentes nos momentos mais desafiadores e pelas conversas gratificantes sobre ciência e vida. E, finalmente, quero agradecer profundamente a Peter Gasson e Oris Rodríguez por terem me apresentado o fascinante mundo da anatomia da madeira. ABSTRACT Plant habits are easily recognized not only by morphological aspects but also by a combination of anatomical characters, which have been essential to the understanding of the evolution of plant habits in the fossil record. Hemiepiphytes germinate and grow as epiphytes and later produce roots to the ground and connect with the soil. It is possible to infer the hemiepiphytic habit using wood anatomical characters? To address this question, we choose the genus Ficus L. from the family Moraceae, because exhibits a wide range of habits including small to large trees, lianas and about 60% of its species are hemiepiphytes. In this study, we compare the wood anatomy of the stem between trees and hemiepiphytes and, between the stems and aerial roots within hemiepiphytes species. Then, we analyse the wood anatomy of the fossil woods with affinities to Ficus/ Ficoxylon and evaluate if was possible to distinguish the habit and/or the organ to which the fossil wood of Ficus belongs. Wood samples of aerial roots and stems of trees and hemiepiphytes were collected at breast height and prepared according to standard wood anatomical techniques. Qualitative and quantitative anatomical features were analysed to determine variance among habits and potential hydraulic conductivity was calculated to compare efficiency of water transport. We performed a literature search for the fossil woods of Ficus/Ficoxylon. Each of the fossils was evaluated as to the reliability of its identification and the accepted fossils were compared with modern species. Our results show that the stem and the aerial roots of hemiepiphytes presented wider vessels and higher hydraulic conductivity than trees. Within the hemiepiphytes, the only way to distinguish between stem and aerial roots is by the exarch xylem of the aerial roots in opposition to the endarch xylem of the stem. In fossil woods we found that it is not possible to distiguish if the fossil wood belongs to an aerial root or to a stem, however our data suggests that the fossils share more anatomical features with modern species of hemiepiphytes than with trees. Keywords: Habit, Secondary xylem, Stem, Aerial root, section Pharmacosycea, subgenera Spherosuke, Ficoxylon RESUMO Os diferentes hábitos que as plantas apresentam na natureza são facilmente reconhecíveis não apenas pelo seu aspecto morfológico, mas também por uma combinação de caracteres anatômicos. Esses caracteres tem sido fundamentais para entender a evolução dos hábitos das plantas no registro fóssil. As plantas de hábito hemiepífito germinam e crescem como epífitas e depois estabelecem ligações com o solo por meio de raízes areas. É possível inferir o hábito hemiepífito usando caracteres anatômicos? Para abordar esta questão, escolhemos o gênero Ficus L. da família Moraceae porque possui uma grande diversidade de hábitos incluindo, arbustos, árvores, lianas e mais do 60% das espécies são hemiepífitas. Neste estudo, comparamos a anatomia da madeira do caule entre espécies arbóreas e hemiepífitas, adicionalmente entre as espécies hemiepífitas comparamos a anatomia da madeira entre raízes aéreas e o caule. Posteriormente, analisamos a anatomia do lenho de fósseis com afinidade a Ficus / Ficoxylon e avaliamos se é possível distinguir o hábito ou o órgão ao qual a lenho fóssil de Ficus pertence. Amostras de madeira de raízes aéreas e caules de árvores e hemiepífitas foram coletadas na altura do peito e preparadas de acordo com técnicas anatômicas da madeira. Características anatômicas qualitativas e quantitativas da madeira foram analisadas para determinar a variação entre hábitos, e a condutividade hidráulica hipotética foi calculada para comparar a eficiência no transporte hídrico. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico referente aos lenhos fósseis de Ficus / Ficoxylon e cada um dos fósseis foi avaliado quanto à confiabilidade de sua identificação. Os fósseis aceitos foram posteriormente comparados com as espécies modernas estudadas. Nossos resultados mostram que o caule e as raízes aéreas das espécies hemiepífitas apresentam vasos de maior diâmetro e maior condutividade hidráulica hipotética do que as espécies arbóreas. Das plantas hemiepífitas, a única forma de distinguir as raízes aéreas do caule é pela posição do protoxilema, isto é, o xilema exarco nas raízes em oposião ao xilema endarco do caule. Nos lenhos fósseis, observamos que não é possível distinguir se o lenho fóssil pertence a uma raiz aérea ou a um caule, no entanto, nossos dados sugerem que os fósseis compartilham mais características anatômicas
Recommended publications
  • Lamiales Newsletter
    LAMIALES NEWSLETTER LAMIALES Issue number 4 February 1996 ISSN 1358-2305 EDITORIAL CONTENTS R.M. Harley & A. Paton Editorial 1 Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK The Lavender Bag 1 Welcome to the fourth Lamiales Universitaria, Coyoacan 04510, Newsletter. As usual, we still Mexico D.F. Mexico. Tel: Lamiaceae research in require articles for inclusion in the +5256224448. Fax: +525616 22 17. Hungary 1 next edition. If you would like to e-mail: [email protected] receive this or future Newsletters and T.P. Ramamoorthy, 412 Heart- Alien Salvia in Ethiopia 3 and are not already on our mailing wood Dr., Austin, TX 78745, USA. list, or wish to contribute an article, They are anxious to hear from any- Pollination ecology of please do not hesitate to contact us. one willing to help organise the con- Labiatae in Mediterranean 4 The editors’ e-mail addresses are: ference or who have ideas for sym- [email protected] or posium content. Studies on the genus Thymus 6 [email protected]. As reported in the last Newsletter the This edition of the Newsletter and Relationships of Subfamily Instituto de Quimica (UNAM, Mexi- the third edition (October 1994) will Pogostemonoideae 8 co City) have agreed to sponsor the shortly be available on the world Controversies over the next Lamiales conference. Due to wide web (http://www.rbgkew.org. Satureja complex 10 the current economic conditions in uk/science/lamiales). Mexico and to allow potential partici- This also gives a summary of what Obituary - Silvia Botta pants to plan ahead, it has been the Lamiales are and some of their de Miconi 11 decided to delay the conference until uses, details of Lamiales research at November 1998.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary History of Floral Key Innovations in Angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes
    Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes To cite this version: Elisabeth Reyes. Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms. Botanics. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2016. English. NNT : 2016SACLS489. tel-01443353 HAL Id: tel-01443353 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01443353 Submitted on 23 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. NNT : 2016SACLS489 THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY, préparée à l’Université Paris-Sud ÉCOLE DOCTORALE N° 567 Sciences du Végétal : du Gène à l’Ecosystème Spécialité de Doctorat : Biologie Par Mme Elisabeth Reyes Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Thèse présentée et soutenue à Orsay, le 13 décembre 2016 : Composition du Jury : M. Ronse de Craene, Louis Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux d’Édimbourg M. Forest, Félix Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux de Kew Mme. Damerval, Catherine Directrice de recherche au Moulon Président du jury M. Lowry, Porter Curateur en chef aux Jardins Examinateur Botaniques du Missouri M. Haevermans, Thomas Maître de conférences au MNHN Examinateur Mme. Nadot, Sophie Professeur à l’Université Paris-Sud Directeur de thèse M.
    [Show full text]
  • Marcgraviaceae
    BOTÁNICA-TAXONOMÍA http://www.icn.unal.edu.co/ CaldasiaGiraldo-Cañas 34(1):33-41. & Dressler 2012 TWO NEW TAXA OF MARCGRAVIASTRUM (MARCGRAVIACEAE) AND A CATALOGUE OF COLOMBIAN TAXA OF THIS GENUS1 Dos nuevos taxones de Marcgraviastrum (Marcgraviaceae) y catálogo de las especies colombianas del género DIEGO GIRALDO-CAÑAS Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia. [email protected] STEFAN DRESSLER Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Herbarium, Senckeberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt/Main, Germany. [email protected] ABSTRACT A new species of Marcgraviastrum is validated, described, and illustrated. The new species is known only from the Colombian Guayana (Departments of Caquetá, Guaviare, and Vaupés). Its morphological relationships are discussed. Furthermore, a new combination into Marcgraviastrum is published. A checklist of the nine Colombian species of the genus is presented. Key words. Colombian Flora, Neotropical Flora, Marcgraviaceae, Marcgraviastrum, Norantea. RESUMEN Se valida, describe e ilustra una nueva especie de Marcgraviastrum. La nueva especie sólo se conoce de la Guayana colombiana (departamentos de Caquetá, Guavire y Vaupés). Se discuten sus relaciones morfológicas. Adicionalmente, se publica una nueva combinación en el género Marcgraviastrum. Se incluye el catálogo de las nueve especies del género presentes en Colombia. Palabras clave. Flora neotropical, Flora de Colombia, Marcgraviaceae, Marcgraviastrum, Norantea. INTRODUCTION thesis (1975) but had agreed with Bedell to share authorship of his new findings in the When the U.S. American Hollis Gail Bedell complex genus Norantea and gave his notes presented her comprehensive thesis on the for use in her work. She elevated the subgenera Norantea complex (Marcgraviaceae) in 1985, to generic rank and generated thourough she unfortunately did not validate her new descriptions of all species.
    [Show full text]
  • Don't Plant a Pest!
    Many of the characteristics that make a plant Gardening green an attractive choice for the garden may also make it a successful invader: California is a gardener’s dream. Our mild climate Don’t allows us to have fantastic gardens, showcasing a wide Garden Plants: Invasive Plants: variety of ornamental Easy to propagate Broad germination plants from all around Establish rapidly Colonizer the world. Mature early Mature early Abundant flowers Prolific seeds plant a But sometimes, our Pest/disease tolerant Few natural predators garden plants “jump the fence” and invade Invasive plants are by nature a regional problem. A natural areas. These plant that jumps out of the garden in one climate and invasive plants can habitat type may behave perfectly in another. The become serious wildland twelve problem plants listed here have escaped from pest! weeds that threaten gardens throughout the greater Bay Area. California’s biodiversity and economy. How to use this brochure: This brochure suggests safe alternatives for these More than half of the plants. When you are buying new plants, consider these Give them an inch and plants currently Conservancy Nature The Rice, Barry alternatives, or ask your local nursery for other damaging California’s French broom invades Bay Area hillsides non-invasive plants. If one of the invasive plants is wildlands were originally introduced for landscaping already in your yard, especially if you live near they’ll take an acre... purposes. Garden escapes like pampasgrass and Scotch wildlands, you may want to remove it and replace it broom may have desirable characteristics in a garden with a recommended alternative.
    [Show full text]
  • Phlomis Fruticosa • Use: This Is a Good Selection for a Border, Container, Cottage Garden, Cut Or Dried Flower Garden, Or Mass Planting
    Phlomis fruticosa • Use: This is a good selection for a border, container, cottage garden, cut or dried flower garden, or mass planting. This drought-tolerant plant is a popular A new plant choice as a xeriscape plant amongst gardeners thanks to its hardy nature. If at Grower’s you want your garden to be a deer and rabbit free zone, then you need to Outlet! grow these beautiful flowing plants in it. This plant is • Exposure/Soil: Plant in full sun to partial sun. Use slow release or water sol- indeed edible; uble fertilizer. Good drainage and air circulation is a must!!! Drought tolerant you can use it once established. as a com- • Growth: The plant's height varies from 2-4 feet and spread 3-5 feet. mon sage in • Hardiness: Zone 8 to 10; Perennial. Very heat tolerant! Mulch around plant in your meat the winter. dishes. • Foliage: Semi-evergreen. The leaves are wrinkled, gray-green in color, and have a soft wooly feel. The undersides of the leaves are white and are cov- ered with fine hairs much like Lamb's Ear. • Flower: The flowers bloom in late spring to late summer and are a bright golden yellow. The flowers appear on spikes along the upper half of the stem tips and appear layered or tiered similar to the snapdragons. The flower's nectar attracts bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. The plant is deer re- sistant, rabbit resistant, and drought tolerant. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Insects. .
    [Show full text]
  • Pinal AMA Low Water Use/Drought Tolerant Plant List
    Arizona Department of Water Resources Pinal Active Management Area Low-Water-Use/Drought-Tolerant Plant List Official Regulatory List for the Pinal Active Management Area Fourth Management Plan Arizona Department of Water Resources 1110 West Washington St. Ste. 310 Phoenix, AZ 85007 www.azwater.gov 602-771-8585 Pinal Active Management Area Low-Water-Use/Drought-Tolerant Plant List Acknowledgements The Pinal Active Management Area (AMA) Low-Water-Use/Drought-Tolerant Plants List is an adoption of the Phoenix AMA Low-Water-Use/Drought-Tolerant Plants List (Phoenix List). The Phoenix List was prepared in 2004 by the Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR) in cooperation with the Landscape Technical Advisory Committee of the Arizona Municipal Water Users Association, comprised of experts from the Desert Botanical Garden, the Arizona Department of Transporation and various municipal, nursery and landscape specialists. ADWR extends its gratitude to the following members of the Plant List Advisory Committee for their generous contribution of time and expertise: Rita Jo Anthony, Wild Seed Judy Mielke, Logan Simpson Design John Augustine, Desert Tree Farm Terry Mikel, U of A Cooperative Extension Robyn Baker, City of Scottsdale Jo Miller, City of Glendale Louisa Ballard, ASU Arboritum Ron Moody, Dixileta Gardens Mike Barry, City of Chandler Ed Mulrean, Arid Zone Trees Richard Bond, City of Tempe Kent Newland, City of Phoenix Donna Difrancesco, City of Mesa Steve Priebe, City of Phornix Joe Ewan, Arizona State University Janet Rademacher, Mountain States Nursery Judy Gausman, AZ Landscape Contractors Assn. Rick Templeton, City of Phoenix Glenn Fahringer, Earth Care Cathy Rymer, Town of Gilbert Cheryl Goar, Arizona Nurssery Assn.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Fall for Plants-Ornamental Plants List
    UC Master Gardener Program Contra Costa County 2018 FALL for PLANTS Sale – Ornamental Plants Available For most plants, water requirements have been obtained from WUCOLS IV, Water Use Classification of Landscape Species, available on the Web at http://ucanr.edu/sites/WUCOLS/. Latin / Common Names Description Data Abutilon pictum ▪ To 4-5’ tall and 3-4’ wide. ▪ USDA Zones 8a to 10b ▪ Upright round-headed growth sporting beautiful ▪ Full sun to mostly shade Flowering Maple variegated green-yellow maple-like leaves. ▪ Shrub, Evergreen ▪ Soft orange lantern-like flowers with prominent ▪ Moderate water (WUCOLS) veining appear in spring and summer, and can appear nearly year round in frost-free areas. ▪ Great for containers or in the landscape. ▪ Easily espaliered. ▪ Attractive to hummingbirds and butterflies. Adenanthos sericeus ▪ To 8’-12’ tall and 8’ wide. ▪ USDA Zones 9a to 10b 'Silver Streak' ▪ Upright habit with soft, light, silvery green foliage. ▪ Full sun to part shade ▪ Blooms spring to summer; insignificant red flowers. ▪ Shrub, Evergreen Woolly Bush ▪ Well suited to containers or as a low-medium hedge. ▪ Low water (WUCOLS) ▪ A sunny position and well-drained soil are essential. ▪ Drought tolerant once established. ▪ New for 2018. Ajania pacifica (syn. ▪ To 1-2’ tall by 2-3’ wide. ▪ USDA Zones 5a to 9b Chrysanthemum ▪ Forms an upright bushy mound of beautiful ▪ Full sun to part shade pacifica) variegated foliage. ▪ Perennial, Evergreen ▪ Spreads over time by rhizomes. ▪ Moderate water (WUCOLS) Gold-and-Silver ▪ Leaves are green edged with silver, lending a shimmer Chrysanthemum to the plant. ▪ Fall blooming, clusters of button-like yellow flowers. Aloysia triphylla ▪ To 5-6’ tall, larger with age.
    [Show full text]
  • Kennedy's Country Gardens Jerusalem Sage
    Jerusalem Sage* Phlomis fruticosa Plant Height: 3 feet Flower Height: 4 feet Spread: 3 feet Sunlight: Hardiness Zone: 6b Description: An interesting clump forming perennial with dense whorls of bright yellow flowers that rise tall on the stems; silvery gray-green woolly leaves are interesting all season; woody and evergreen in zone 8 to 9, but restarts from the ground in colder climates Jerusalem Sage flowers Photo courtesy of NetPS Plant Finder Ornamental Features Jerusalem Sage features bold spikes of yellow hooded flowers rising above the foliage from late spring to early summer. The flowers are excellent for cutting. Its serrated narrow leaves remain grayish green in color throughout the year. The fruit is not ornamentally significant. Landscape Attributes Jerusalem Sage is an herbaceous evergreen perennial with an upright spreading habit of growth. Its medium texture blends into the garden, but can always be balanced by a couple of finer or coarser plants for an effective composition. This is a relatively low maintenance plant, and is best cut back to the ground in late winter before active growth resumes. Deer don't particularly care for this plant and will usually leave it alone in favor of tastier treats. It has no significant negative characteristics. Jerusalem Sage is recommended for the following landscape applications; - Mass Planting Jerusalem Sage flowers - General Garden Use Photo courtesy of NetPS Plant Finder Planting & Growing Jerusalem Sage will grow to be about 3 feet tall at maturity extending to 4 feet tall with the flowers, with a spread of 3 feet. It grows at a medium rate, and under ideal conditions can be expected to live for approximately 10 years.
    [Show full text]
  • For Peer Review
    Pollen sterols are associated with phylogenetics and environment but not with pollinators Journal: New Phytologist ManuscriptFor ID NPH-MS-2020-34747.R1 Peer Review Manuscript Type: MS - Regular Manuscript Date Submitted by the n/a Author: Complete List of Authors: Zu, Pengjuan; University of Zurich, Geology; Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Natural Capital and Plant Health Koch, Hauke; Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Natural Capital and Plant Health Schwery, Orlando; New Mexico Consortium, Plant biology Pironon, Samuel; Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis Phillips, Charlotte; Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Natural Capital and Plant Health Ondo, Ian; Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis Farrell, Iain; Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Natural Capital and Plant Health Nes, David; Texas Tech University, Dept of Chemistry & Biochemistry Moore, Elynor; Oxford University, Department of Zoology Wright, Geraldine; Oxford University, Department of Zoology Farman, Dudley; University of Greenwich, Natural Resources Institute Stevenson, Phillip; Royal Botanic Gardens, , Jodrell Laboratory,; University of Greenwich, Natural Resources Institute Phytosterol diversity, Pollen nutrient, Pollinator assemblages, Key Words: Environmental factors, Phylogenetic, Plant-insect interactions, Chemical ecology, Chemotaxonomy Manuscript submitted to New Phytologist for review Page 1 of 44 1 Pollen sterols are associated with phylogenetics and environment but not with 2 pollinators 3 4 Pengjuan Zu1,2*, Hauke Koch1, Orlando Schwery3, Samuel Pironon1, Charlotte 5 Phillips1, Ian Ondo1, Iain W. Farrell1, W. David Nes4, Elynor Moore5, Geraldine A. 6 Wright5, Dudley I. Farman6, Philip C. Stevenson1,6 7 8 1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK 9 2 Swiss Federal InstituteFor of Aquatic Peer Science Review and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH- 10 6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland 11 3 New Mexico Consortium, 4200 W.
    [Show full text]
  • Drought Tolerant Plant List
    10/24/2008 City of Clovis Approved Plant List These plants have been selected because they are attractive, often available in retail nurseries, non-invasive, and of course, drought tolerant. Use Area: R - Residential, C - Commercial, M - Municipal TYPE BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME USE AREA WATER USE Gc Acacia redolens 'Desert Carpet' Dwarf Prostrate Acacia VL Gc Baccharis spp. Coyote Brush L Gc Cotoneaster dammeri Bearberry Cotoneaster R,C M Gc Erigeron karvinskianus Santa Barbara Daisy R,C M Gc Festuca ovina glauca Blue fescue R,C,M L Gc Fragaria californica Ornamental strawberry R,C,M M Gc Lantana montevidensis Trailing Lantana L Gc Myoporum parvifolium Myoporum L Gc Osteospermum spp. African daisy R,C,M L Gc Sedum spp. Stonecrop L Gc Trifolium fragiferum O'Connor O'Conners legume (revegetation use) L Gc Verbena pervuviana Peruvian verbena R,C L Gc Verbena tenuisecta moss verbena R,C L Gc P Achillea tomentosa woolly yarrow R L Gc P Artemisia spp. (herbaceous) tarragon/angel's hair etc. R,C,M L Gc P Convolvulus sabatius ground morning glory R,C L Gc P Oenothera speciosa Mexican/white evening primrose R,C L Gc P Oenothera speciosa 'Rosea' pink evening primrose R,C L Gc P Oenothera stubbei Baja evening primrose R,C L Gc P Verbena gooddingii Goodding verbena R,C,M L P Achillea clavennae silvery yarrow R,C L P Achillea filipendulina fern leaf yarrow R,C L P Anigozanthos flavidus kangaroo paw R L P Anigozanthos viridis green kangaroo paw R L P Arctotis hybrids African daisy R M P Coreopsis auriculata 'Nana' dwarf coreopsis R,C,M L P Coreopsis lanceolata coreopsis R,C,M L P Coreopsis verticilata cvs.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Lamioid Mint Genus Phlomis L
    Photograph by Jim Mann Taylor Phylogeny and biogeography of the lamioid mint genus Phlomis L. Cecilie Mathiesen Candidata scientiarum thesis 2006 NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Forord Endelig, etter en noe lengre hovedfagsprosess enn planlagt, sitter jeg her med et ferdig produkt. En stor takk rettes til min veileder, Victor og min medveileder, Charlotte. Dere har vært til stor hjelp gjennom hele prosessen. Dere dyttet meg i gang igjen da jeg slet med motivasjonen etter fødselspermisjonen, det er jeg utrolig glad for. Uvurderlig hjelp har jeg også fått fra Tine, som aldri sa nei til å lese gjennom og komme med konstruktiv kritikk til mine skriblerier. Jan Wesenberg skal også takkes for all hjelp med russisk oversettelse, og Wenche H. Johansen for stor hjelp i et virvar av russiske tidsskrifter på museets bibliotek. Many thanks to Jim Mann Taylor for his hospitality, transport and help during the material sampling in his private Phlomis garden in Gloucester. He has also been a great resource in the processing of the material and his book on Phlomis made things a lot easier for a complete stranger to the genus. Videre vil jeg takke: Kasper, som er grunnen til at denne jobben tok litt lenger tid en planlagt, Mamma og Pappa for at dere alltid stiller opp, Marte og Marianne, mine aller beste venner og Nina, for all forståelse når graviditeten tok mer plass i hodet enn Phlomis og støtte på at mye er viktigere enn hovedfaget. Og selvfølgelig en spesiell takk til Terje, for at du er den du er og for at du er Kaspers pappa.
    [Show full text]
  • Self-Guided Plant Safari Self-Guided Plant Safari
    2017 TULSA PUBLIC GARDENS DAY 2017 TULSA PUBLIC GARDENS DAY SELF-GUIDED PLANT SAFARI SELF-GUIDED PLANT SAFARI 1. Deciduous Holly Ilex decidua 9. California Incense Cedar 1. Deciduous Holly Ilex decidua 9. California Incense Cedar Remains green during summer. Female Calocedrus decurrens Remains green during summer. Female Calocedrus decurrens plants produce several orange and red Native to California and Oregon, this plants produce several orange and red Native to California and Oregon, this berries after losing their leaves in fall. tree’s foliage emits a sweet smell when berries after losing their leaves in fall. tree’s foliage emits a sweet smell when crushed. crushed. 2. Aspen Populus tremuloides 2. Aspen Populus tremuloides Medium-sized tree found commonly in 10. Lacebark Pine Pinus bungeana Medium-sized tree found commonly in 10. Lacebark Pine Pinus bungeana the Rocky Mountains. This Chinese pine grows slowly and the Rocky Mountains. This Chinese pine grows slowly and can withstand cold temperatures. can withstand cold temperatures. 3. Longleaf Pine Pinus palustris 3. Longleaf Pine Pinus palustris Found primarily in the coastal plain 11. Live Oak Quercus virginiana Found primarily in the coastal plain 11. Live Oak Quercus virginiana from Texas to Virgina. This tree is highly State tree of Georgia. Known for its from Texas to Virgina. This tree is highly State tree of Georgia. Known for its resistant to wildfires. strong wood. resistant to wildfires. strong wood. 4. Staghorn Sumac Rhus typhina 12. Kentucky Coffee Tree 4. Staghorn Sumac Rhus typhina 12. Kentucky Coffee Tree This tree’s name comes from the fuzzy, Gymnocladus dioicus This tree’s name comes from the fuzzy, Gymnocladus dioicus antler-like appearance of its branches Drought-resistant and generally known antler-like appearance of its branches Drought-resistant and generally known in winter.
    [Show full text]