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Territories Initiative for Regional Management of the Environment: a Regional Workshop for a Common Understanding of Integrated Coastal Zone Management

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Territories Initiative for Regional Management of the Environment: a Regional Workshop for a Common Understanding of Integrated Coastal Zone Management Territories Initiative for Regional Management of the Environment: A regional workshop for a common understanding of integrated coastal zone management Delphine Leguerrier1, Yolaine Bouteiller2, Julie Petit3 and Caroline Vieux4 The Pacific Territories Initiative for Regional Management of the Environment (INTEGRE) project INTEGRE, or the “Pacific Territories Initiative for Regional Management of the Environment”, is a sustain- able development programme involving four European Pacific Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs). Funded by the European Union from the 10th Pacific OCT Regional European Development Fund (EDF), the project is designed to promote integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) and strengthen regional cooperation in the area of sustainable development. Locally, it will support sustainable management or use Through presentations, discussions and small group ses- of the environment in the OCTs for the benefit of their sions, the departments involved gained a better under- peoples. ICZM projects will be set up at nine pilot sites standing of each other’s issues, shared their vision of in the region. The methods used and the research car- INTEGRE, and benefitted from feedback on the experi- ried out will be put to beneficial use throughout the ence of the specialists who attended the meeting, as well Pacific, particularly through the active participation in as gaining information on existing regional networks related regional cooperation networks. and the expertise available in the area of sustainable development. Selected by the territories as coherent management units that are representative of the region’s high and low The outcomes and lessons learned from the workshop are islands, and because of their major ecological impor- summarised below and form the “raw material” for imple- tance, use by local communities and suitability as dem- menting the project. The first building stage (i.e. project onstration sites for integrated environmental projects, governance, including an overall steering committee and these sites are located in: territory-based organisation down to local level), is cur- rently in the process of being approved, and action plans • French Polynesia: Opunohu Bay on Moorea, the are being developed for each pilot site using a methodol- Tahiti Peninsula and the islands of Raiatea and Tahaa ogy guide based on the discussions. The regional scope of and their lagoon; the project was also defined in the proposed cross-secto- • New Caledonia: the southern tip, the northeast- ral activities at this scale described below. ern coast, and the the coral atolls of Ouvea and Beautemps-Beaupré in the Loyalty Islands; What is integrated coastal zone • Wallis and Futuna: Wallis and its lagoon, and south- western Futuna; and management? • Pitcairn Islands as a whole. ICZM is one response to growing pressures on coastal ecosystems, the increasingly fragmented approach to The first in a series of workshops took place at the head- management (of both land and sea, increasing legal quarters of the Secretariat of the Pacific Community and political and/or administrative complexity) and in Noumea, New Caledonia from 18 to 20 February the need to reconsider governance modes (e.g. top- to launch the project, and brought together about 50 down approaches have been questioned, while networks registered participants from government departments of associations have developed). Hundreds of ICZM involved at each pilot site, specialists in integrated man- pilot schemes have been conducted around the world agement and other areas of importance for the Pacific since the 1992 Rio conference (Hénocque 2013). ICZM islands (e.g. waste, agriculture, fisheries, shipping), and arose from a wide range of strategies influenced by the nongovernmental organisations. natural system involved, the national context, ICZM’s 1 INTEGRE Project Coordinator ([email protected]) 2 INTEGRE Deputy Project Coordinator New Caledonia ([email protected]) 3 INTEGRE Deputy Project Coordinator Wallis and Futuna ([email protected]) 4 INTEGRE Deputy Project Coordinator French Polynesia ([email protected]) 22 SPC Fisheries Newsletter #143 - January–April 2014 Territories Initiative for Regional Management of the Environment main beneficiaries and the issues it attempted to resolve ICZM action covers three main fields: (Olsen 2003, in Hénocque 2013). It is articulated in a quest for new forms of governance and the develop- • regulating sectoral activities and adapting related ment of information and scientific data management policies; capacities. • strategic planning; and ICZM objectives1: • governance (developing and organising participation). • Provide consistency to current management tools and facilitate change (manage conflicts!) • Consolidate public policies Why “participatory”?6 • Formulate a global strategy even if responses are By involving all levels of governance in the decision- most often sector-based making process, plans can be implemented without resulting in a large number of isolated approaches unre- • Respond to expectations and needs — without creat- lated to the action needed. It is an alternative designed ing new ones to: avoid approaches that are perceived as “technocratic” and too complicated and, therefore, rarely used; get the Integration prospects and key work people involved in the project to take ownership of it; and better identify any problems and the actions to be 5 areas taken to deal with them. ⇒ The most appropriate work level is not always the relevant biogeographical scale in terms of the envi- Science/ Intersectoral management ronment but sometimes the governance level. ⇒ Both strong political involvement and the empower- ment of recognised participatory bodies is needed. Integration Different levels of participation are Regional Land-sea possible ... when referring to the participatory scale (modified from Arnstein 1969) shown below: Intergovernmental ⇒ Depending on the topic, one particular level will be more relevant … the Level 5 ideal cannot always be attained. Implement 5. Act together locally 4. Decide together 3. Consult Induce acceptance and implement 2. Extract 1. Inform Raise awareness Participatory scale (modified from Arnstein 1969) 5 Presentation by Raphaël Billé, RESCCUE (Restoration of Ecosystem Services against Climate Change Unfavourable Effects) Project Coordinator. 6 Presentation by James Comley and Hugh Govan (University of the South Pacific)). 23 Territories Initiative for Regional Management of the Environment Project pilot sites to harvested molluscs and hosts iconic species such as green sea turtles, dolphins and humpback whales. One of the starting points for sharing and identifying synergies was to discuss each of the pilot sites, which In terms of economic activities, the Opunohu area is a led to improved mutual understanding of the project as popular fishing spot in Moorea and catches are often sold a whole. This process will facilitate common efforts at on the roadside at the head of the bay. The bay is a tour- identifying solutions and joint project implementation. ism hotspot that virtually all visitors to French Polyne- sia travel to. Both land and marine activities are offered, Sites in French Polynesia including treks, iconic species spotting and water sports. Pineapples are grown for the Rotui plant that purchased Opunohu Bay, Moorea 1,450 mt in 2010 and the supplier, COPAM, provides incomes to 60 Moorea families (or approximately 300 The Opunohu Bay and Valley area is on Moorea Island, people) who farm 150 ha. Cottage farming is also well and stretches over 1,000 ha in Papetoai township (pop- developed and Opunohu Bay has two agricultural train- ulation 2,300). Opunohu Valley is surrounded by a ing centres. remarkable amphitheatre of mountains, the highest being Toheia at 1,207 m. Spreading out from the Opu- Tahiti Penwinsula nohu River estuary, the bay swiftly widens to form a nearly 3,500 m funnel leading to the channel. The bay The peninsula is divided into two townships, East Taiar- varies in depth from 15 m to 50 m. apu and West Taiarapu, and six associate municipalities covering 320 km2 (population 18,545)². Mount Roniu The valley has the island’s wettest microclimate, with sig- is the highest peak at 1,332 m. The Taravao Isthmus, nificant annual rainfall ranging from 2,500 mm to 3,500 which forms the peninsula’s boundary with the rest of mm. The islanders consider the valley to be Moorea’s Tahiti, faces the Taravao plateau, a huge farming area “lung” and water reserve and there is scant urban devel- with a cool climate and mountain flora. The landscape opment there. becomes less built up going towards the east and 20 km from Taravao, the terrain becomes wilder on both sides More than a third of Moorea’s known flora grows in (i.e. the fenua aihere. The main access is usually by sea, Opunohu and 12 invasive species have been observed to although a small unsealed track also leads there. jeopardise the area’s biodiversity. There are still well-pre- served specific coastal environments in the bay, includ- In marine terms, Taiarapu primarily consists of stand- ing a narrow strip of coastal forest remaining between ard high-island lagoon features with well-developed the lagoon and road that greatly helps maintain the barrier and fringing reefs. The area, however, holds rich shoreline. In specific marine biodiversity terms, the east and varied habitats, including shoals (in northern Tara- coast at the foot of Mount Rotui is the richest. It is home vao and the Pari) and brackish water
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