DOCSLIB.ORG

Research Article MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY in the COMMON SEDGE PLANTS in INDIA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

International Journal of Agriculture Sciences ISSN: 0975-3710&E-ISSN: 0975-9107, Volume 8, Issue 55, 2016, pp.-3000-3007. Available online at http://www.bioinfopublication.org/jouarchive.php?opt=&jouid=BPJ0000217 Research Article MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY IN THE COMMON SEDGE PLANTS IN INDIA TANTWAI KEERTI1*, TIWARI SHARAD1 AND ANSARI TABASSUM2 1Biotechnology Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Krishinagar, Adhartal, Jabalpur, 482004, Madhya Pradesh, India 2Department of Botany, NES Science and Commerce College, Jabalpur 482002, India *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Received: September 29, 2016; Revised: November 01, 2016; Accepted: November 02, 2016; Published: November 12, 2016 Abstract- Cyperus is the second largest genus of the sedges or Cyperaceae family, the plants of which are identified as one of the most common agricultural weeds. A total of eighty two sedge plants were collected from twenty one different places covering seven states of India. The plant species and morphological variations among different species were determined based on overall plant growth characteristics. The samples were identified as belonging to seventeen different species of Cyperus and related genera on the basis of UPGMA cluster analysis using Jaccard and Simple Matching coefficients. The mantel test coefficient between these two similarity coefficients was 0.97169. Based on morphological variations, plant samples were identified to be belonging to twelve different species of Cyperus, three species from genus Fimbristylis and two species from genus Kyllinga. Several morphological traits were assessed for identification of plants up to species level, among those spikelet was found the best to be used for the identification of sedge species. Keywords- Sedge, Cyperaceae, Morphological variation, Cluster analysis Citation: Tantwai Keerti, et al., (2016) Morphological Variability in the Common Sedge Plants in India. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, ISSN: 0975-3710 & E- ISSN: 0975-9107, Volume 8, Issue 55, pp.-3000-3007. Copyright: Copyright©2016 Tantwai Keerti, et al., This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Academic Editor / Reviewer: Dr Bishun Deo Prasad Introduction disorder etc. Anti-bacterial effect is also found in rhizome extract of C. rotundus Weed populations exhibit a vast range of biodiversity resulting from taxonomic [3]. Antimalarial, anticancer, antimicrobial activities in essential oil from the aerial diversity among them including diversity in particular weedy traits that influences parts of Cyperus kyllingia has also been reported [4]. Cyperus involucratus is their survival, mortality, and reproduction [1]. The ecological diversity of sedges is planted as an ornamental plant. Cyperus iria is used as fodder and its stem is tremendous; with species occurring in almost all habitats. Sedges mostly prefer woven into mats. Leaf and tuber parts of C. iria are used as Tonic, stimulant, moist and sunny sites. Sedges are monocotyledonous flowering plants belonging stomachic and astringent [5]. Kyllinga odorata is known for diaphoretic and diuretic to family Cyperaceae which is commonly known as sedge family. Sedge plants properties [6]. Kyllinga brevifolia is a Paraguayan folk medicine and used as are mostly grass-like herbs, which are abundantly found in moist and damp areas sedative and tonic for nervous system [7]. Fimbristylis miliacea has been found of throughout the world. Cyperus having about 650 species, is the second largest an important role in phytoremediation to absorb heavy metals and zinc in waste genus after Carex in the Cyperaceae family. Members of the Cyperaceae (sedge water treatment [8]. family) resemble the Gramineae (grass family) but are distinguished by three- Identification of the plant species of a potential use is not always easy in the ranked leaves with one-third phyllotaxy and leaves that have closed leaf sheaths, absence of knowledge of the most preferred morphological trait to look upon on usually solid stems, absence of a ligule and each flower subtended by a single site of collection. It is also not feasible to apply costly and sophisticated molecular glume or scale [2]. The morphology of plants belonging to the genus Cyperus techniques to identify plants, which are otherwise regarded as weeds only. Their reported so far is relatively consistent with uniform embryo type. Morphologically correct identification not only helps to formulate effective control strategy but to all the Cyperus species have common characteristics of leaves that are shiny, light explore their potential uses too. Morphological parameters are commonly used as to dark green, three-ranked and corrugated in cross section. Leaf initiation tools for investigating genetic relatedness and diversity among plant populations. terminates with the formation of seed bearing culm. The culm that grows through It is pertinent to study variations in morphological traits among species to the center of the leaf fascicle is erect, simple, smooth and triangular in cross determine how plant genotype and diverse environmental conditions could section. The culm supports a terminal inflorescence, which is a simple, or slightly influence the plant morphology of sedges under uniform conditions. We are compound loose umbel subtended by two or four leaf-like bracts [2]. reporting in the present study, the qualitative genetic--variations in morphological The Cyperus species are herbaceous plants and mostly used as fodder. In and phonological traits in sedges and the identification of sedge plants of particular, C. rotundus and C. esculentus are used as medicinal herb. They are Cyperaceae family up to the species level in plant samples collected at several also called as purple nut sedge and yellow nut sedge, respectively. They are locations from seven states of India. This study was conducted to document commonly found as a perennial weed with slender, scaly creeping rhizomes, morphological characteristics of most common sedge plant species of Cyperus bulbous at the base which is about 1-3 cm. long. They are useful for bowel and related genera from different localities in India. disorder and inflammatory diseases as well as uterine relaxation in both pregnant and non-pregnant women and relieving pain. C. rotundus is a traditional herbal Materials and Methods medicine used widely as antimalarial, analgesic, sedative, and treating stomach A total of eighty two sedge plant samples were collected from several places International Journal of Agriculture Sciences ISSN: 0975-3710&E-ISSN: 0975-9107, Volume 8, Issue 55, 2016 || Bioinfo Publications || 3000 Morphological Variability in the Common Sedge Plants in India located in seven states of India namely Chhattisgarh (CG), Gujarat (GJ), Madhya dendrogram was generated using NTSYSpc version 2.02e software program [9]. Pradesh (MP), Rajasthan (RJ), Tamil Nadu (TN), Uttarakhand (UK) and Uttar The data analysis was done using two different similarity coefficients, Jaccard [10] Pradesh (UP) in the year 2015 [Table-1]. Plant samples were named according to and Simple Matching [11]. Routine procedures of NTSYSpc program (like their places of collection. The morphological observations were recorded at SIMQUAL, SAHN, TREE) in appropriate modules were followed to test the various stages of growth at the site of collection as well as from some of the clustering analysis based on these two similarity coefficients. For the comparison collected plants grown in pots till flowering that occurs in rainy season in India of original matrices generated by implementing Jaccard (J) and Simple Matching (July-October). Observations were recorded for each plant sample on various (SM) similarity coefficients, Mantel test [12] was applied in the option of MXCOMP morphological traits including root, rhizome, nut, stem or culm, leaf, inflorescence, in NTSYSpc program. The plant samples clustered in a group were identified up to spike, spikelet, floret, glume etc. For each trait, different observations were species level by comparing the recorded morphological traits with various tabulated in Microsoft excel sheet and a qualitative data was generated by documented texts such as ‘Flora of Jabalpur’ [13], ‘Flora of British India’ [14], recording 0 and 1 for the absence and presence of the trait, respectively, in a ‘Flora of India’ [15], ‘Flora of Gorakhpurensis’ [16], ‘Hand Book on Weed particular plant sample. This data was subjected to Unweighted Pair Group Identification’ [17] including ‘eFloras’ [18]. Method with Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) based cluster analysis and Table-1 Eighty two plant samples collected from different locations and their identification (All are annual to perennial herb, Statu s: Common, Least Concern in IUCN Red List) S.N. Place and Sample ID Latitude_Longitude Collection date Species Identified Vernacular Name 1 Chabi-2-MP "22.825720 N 80.700650 E" 27-Aug-2015 Cyperus compressus Linn. Mothi 2 Chennai-2-TN "12.990738 N 80.185958 E" 20-Nov-2015 Cyperus compressus Linn. Mothi 3 Jabalpur-1-MP "23.2203 N 79.9638 E" 15-July-2015 Cyperus compressus Linn. Mothi 4 Jabalpur-2-MP "23.2095 N 79.9533 E" 15-July-2015 Cyperus compressus Linn. Mothi 5 Kundam-2-MP “22.845746 N 81.075466 E” 26-Aug-2015 Cyperus compressus Linn. Mothi 6 Mandla-1-MP "22.611542 N 80.372824 E" 27-Aug-2015 Cyperus compressus Linn. Mothi 7 Mandla-3-MP "22.601269 N 80.378423 E" 27-Aug-2015 Cyperus compressus Linn. Mothi 8 Niwas-2-MP "23.035570 N 80.437791 E" 27-Aug-2015 Cyperus compressus Linn. Mothi 9 Amarkantak-2-MP "22.677726 N 81.758913 E" 27-Aug-2015 Cyperus compressus Linn. Mothi 10 Amarkantak-4-MP "22.682933 N 81.748302 E" 27-Aug-2015 Cyperus compressus Linn. Mothi 11 Dindori-1-MP "22.938539 N 81.080024 E" 27-Aug-2015 Cyperus compressus Linn. Mothi 12 Kapildhara-1-MP "22.700877 N 81.705569 E" 27-Aug-2015 Cyperus compressus Linn. Mothi 13 Sagartola-1-MP “22.941793 N 81.076845 E” 27-Aug-2015 Cyperus compressus Linn. Mothi 14 Garjiya-1-UK “29.462150 N 79.153404 E” 30-Sep-2015 Cyperus cyperoides Linn.
Recommended publications
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."

    "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."

    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
  • Phylogeny of Abildgaardieae (Cyperaceae) Inferred from ITS and Trnl–F Data Kioumars Ghamkhar University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

    Phylogeny of Abildgaardieae (Cyperaceae) Inferred from ITS and Trnl–F Data Kioumars Ghamkhar University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia

    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 23 | Issue 1 Article 12 2007 Phylogeny of Abildgaardieae (Cyperaceae) Inferred from ITS and trnL–F Data Kioumars Ghamkhar University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia Adam D. Marchant Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Karen L. Wilson Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Jeremy J. Bruhl University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Ghamkhar, Kioumars; Marchant, Adam D.; Wilson, Karen L.; and Bruhl, Jeremy J. (2007) "Phylogeny of Abildgaardieae (Cyperaceae) Inferred from ITS and trnL–F Data," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 23: Iss. 1, Article 12. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol23/iss1/12 Aliso 23, pp. 149–164 ᭧ 2007, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden PHYLOGENY OF ABILDGAARDIEAE (CYPERACEAE) INFERRED FROM ITS AND trnL–F DATA KIOUMARS GHAMKHAR,1,2,4 ADAM D. MARCHANT,2 KAREN L. WILSON,2 AND JEREMY J. BRUHL1,3 1Botany, Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; 2National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia 3Corresponding author ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Within the tribe Abildgaardieae, the relationships between Fimbristylis and its relatives have not been certain, and the limits of Fimbristylis have been unclear, with Bulbostylis and Abildgaardia variously combined with it and each other.
  • C6 Noncarice Sedge

    C6 Noncarice Sedge

    CYPERACEAE etal Got Sedge? Part Two revised 24 May 2015. Draft from Designs On Nature; Up Your C 25 SEDGES, FOINS COUPANTS, LAÎCHES, ROUCHES, ROUCHETTES, & some mostly wet things in the sedge family. Because Bill Gates has been shown to eat footnotes (burp!, & enjoy it), footnotes are (italicized in the body of the text) for their protection. Someone who can spell caespitose only won way has know imagination. Much of the following is taken verbatim from other works, & often not credited. There is often not a way to paraphrase or rewrite habitat or descriptive information without changing the meaning. I am responsible for any mistakes in quoting or otherwise. This is a learning tool, & a continuation of an idea of my friend & former employer, Jock Ingels, LaFayette Home Nursery, who hoped to present more available information about a plant in one easily accessible place, instead of scattered though numerous sources. This is a work in perpetual progress, a personal learning tool, full uv misstakes, & written as a personal means instead of a public end. Redundant, repetitive, superfluous, & contradictory information is present. It is being consolidated. CYPERACEAE Sauergrasgewächse SEDGES, aka BIESIES, SEGGEN Formally described in 1789 by De Jussieu. The family name is derived from the genus name Cyperus, from the Greek kupeiros, meaning sedge. Many species are grass-like, being tufted, with long, thin, narrow leaves, jointed stems, & branched inflorescence of small flowers, & are horticulturally lumped with grasses as graminoids. Archer (2005) suggests the term graminoid be used for true grasses, & cyperoid be used for sedges. (If physical anthropologists have hominoids & hominids, why don’t we have graminoids & graminids?) There are approximately 104 genera, 4 subfamilies, 14 tribes, & about 5000 species worldwide, with 27 genera & 843 species in North America (Ball et al 2002).
  • Cyperaceae of Puerto Rico. Arturo Gonzalez-Mas Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College

    Cyperaceae of Puerto Rico. Arturo Gonzalez-Mas Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College

    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1964 Cyperaceae of Puerto Rico. Arturo Gonzalez-mas Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Gonzalez-mas, Arturo, "Cyperaceae of Puerto Rico." (1964). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 912. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/912 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been 64—8802 microfilmed exactly as received GONZALEZ—MAS, Arturo, 1923- CYPERACEAE OF PUERTO RICO. Louisiana State University, Ph.D., 1964 B o ta n y University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan CYPERACEAE OF PUERTO RICO A Dissertation I' Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Botany and Plant Pathology by Arturo Gonzalez-Mas B.S., University of Puerto Rico, 1945 M.S., North Carolina State College, 1952 January, 1964 PLEASE NOTE: Not original copy. Small and unreadable print on some maps. Filmed as received. UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS, INC. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author wishes to express his sincere gratitude to Dr. Clair A. Brown for his interest, guidance, and encouragement during the course of this investigation and for his helpful criticism in the preparation of the manuscript and illustrations.
  • Field Weeds in Ratnapura and Kurunegala Districts of Sri Lanka

    Field Weeds in Ratnapura and Kurunegala Districts of Sri Lanka

    J. Natn. Sci. Cozrn. Sri Lanka 1989 17 (2) : 187-21 1 A SURVEY OF RICE - FIELD WEEDS IN RATNAPURA AND KURUNEGALA DISTRICTS OF SRI LANKA J. P. N. R. CHANDRASENA Dtyartment of Botany, University of Colombo, P. 0. Box 1490, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka. (Date of receipt : 24 Februar-y 1989) (Date of acceptance : 09 August 1989) Abstract: A survey of rice-field weeds was carried out in the Districts of Ratnapura and ~urunegaladuring the 'Yala' and 'Maha' seasons of 1986. Two hundred and thirty four fields of the Ratnapura District and 196 fields of the Kurunegala District were sampled at a time when the rice was at heading to flowering and farmers had carried out weeding or herbicide applications for weed control. One hundred and forty seven species of weeds belonging to 95 genera and 37 plant families were recor- ded from the two districts, indicating a vcry rich diversity in thc weed-flora. Of thcse, 38 species occurred in less than 10% of the fields ;65 species in 10-20% of the fields and 44 species in 20% or more fields. By far the commonest and problematic wceds were monocotylcdons of the families Poaceae (Gramineae) and Cyperaceae. Tl11.e~grass spccies Echirrochloa crirs-galli (L.)Beauv., Echinochloa cotanurn (L.) Link. and Iscbat,~nnmrrrgosum Salisb. emerged as the most abundant species in both districts, both in tcrrns of frcqucncy of occurrence and levels of infestation. kiwzbri- stylis milinccu (L.)Vahl, C~~prrus.piL)susVahl and Cyperus iria L. of the Cyperaceae were also vcry common in both LJistricts.
  • Vascular Plants and a Brief History of the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands

    Vascular Plants and a Brief History of the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands

    United States Department of Agriculture Vascular Plants and a Brief Forest Service Rocky Mountain History of the Kiowa and Rita Research Station General Technical Report Blanca National Grasslands RMRS-GTR-233 December 2009 Donald L. Hazlett, Michael H. Schiebout, and Paulette L. Ford Hazlett, Donald L.; Schiebout, Michael H.; and Ford, Paulette L. 2009. Vascular plants and a brief history of the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS- GTR-233. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 44 p. Abstract Administered by the USDA Forest Service, the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands occupy 230,000 acres of public land extending from northeastern New Mexico into the panhandles of Oklahoma and Texas. A mosaic of topographic features including canyons, plateaus, rolling grasslands and outcrops supports a diverse flora. Eight hundred twenty six (826) species of vascular plant species representing 81 plant families are known to occur on or near these public lands. This report includes a history of the area; ethnobotanical information; an introductory overview of the area including its climate, geology, vegetation, habitats, fauna, and ecological history; and a plant survey and information about the rare, poisonous, and exotic species from the area. A vascular plant checklist of 816 vascular plant taxa in the appendix includes scientific and common names, habitat types, and general distribution data for each species. This list is based on extensive plant collections and available herbarium collections. Authors Donald L. Hazlett is an ethnobotanist, Director of New World Plants and People consulting, and a research associate at the Denver Botanic Gardens, Denver, CO.
  • Cyperus Difformis L. USDA Plants Code

    Cyperus Difformis L. USDA Plants Code

    NEW YORK NON -NATIVE PLANT INVASIVENESS RANKING FORM Scientific name: Cyperus difformis L. USDA Plants Code: CYDI Common names: Variable flatsedge Native distribution: Southern Europe, Asia, Africa Date assessed: 20 July 2009 Assessors: Gerry Moore Reviewers: LIISMA SRC Date Approved: September 9, 2009 Form version date: 10 July 2009 New York Invasiveness Rank: Moderate (Relative Maximum Score 50.00-69.99) Distribution and Invasiveness Rank (Obtain from PRISM invasiveness ranking form ) PRISM Status of this species in each PRISM: Current Distribution Invasiveness Rank 1 Adirondack Park Invasive Program Not Assessed Not Assessed 2 Capital/Mohawk Not Assessed Not Assessed 3 Catskill Regional Invasive Species Partnership Not Assessed Not Assessed 4 Finger Lakes Not Assessed Not Assessed 5 Long Island Invasive Species Management Area Restricted Moderate 6 Lower Hudson Not Assessed Not Assessed 7 Saint Lawrence/Eastern Lake Ontario Not Assessed Not Assessed 8 Western New York Not Assessed Not Assessed Invasiveness Ranking Summary Total (Total Answered*) Total (see details under appropriate sub-section) Possible 1 Ecological impact 40 ( 20 ) 6 2 Biological characteristic and dispersal ability 25 ( 25 ) 18 3 Ecological amplitude and distribution 25 ( 25 ) 15 4 Difficulty of control 10 ( 7) 1 Outcome score 100 ( 77 )b 40 a † Relative maximum score 51.95 § New York Invasiveness Rank Moderate (Relative Maximum Score 50.00-69.99) * For questions answered “unknown” do not include point value in “Total Answered Points Possible.” If “Total Answered Points Possible” is less than 70.00 points, then the overall invasive rank should be listed as “Unknown.” †Calculated as 100(a/b) to two decimal places.
  • List of Plant Species List of Plant Species

    List of Plant Species List of Plant Species

    List of plant species List of Plant Species Contents Amendment history .......................................................................................................................... 2 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Application ........................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Relationship with planning scheme ..................................................................................... 3 1.3 Purpose ............................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Aim ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Who should use this manual? ............................................................................................. 3 2 Special consideration ....................................................................................................................... 3 3 Variations ......................................................................................................................................... 4 4 Relationship ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Appendix A – Explanatory notes & definitions .......................................................................................
  • HAWAII and SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION - 2016 NWPL FINAL RATINGS U.S

    HAWAII and SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION - 2016 NWPL FINAL RATINGS U.S

    HAWAII and SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS REGION - 2016 NWPL FINAL RATINGS U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LABORATORY (CRREL) - 2013 Ratings Lichvar, R.W. 2016. The National Wetland Plant List: 2016 wetland ratings. User Notes: 1) Plant species not listed are considered UPL for wetland delineation purposes. 2) A few UPL species are listed because they are rated FACU or wetter in at least one Corps region. Scientific Name Common Name Hawaii Status South Pacific Agrostis canina FACU Velvet Bent Islands Status Agrostis capillaris UPL Colonial Bent Abelmoschus moschatus FAC Musk Okra Agrostis exarata FACW Spiked Bent Abildgaardia ovata FACW Flat-Spike Sedge Agrostis hyemalis FAC Winter Bent Abrus precatorius FAC UPL Rosary-Pea Agrostis sandwicensis FACU Hawaii Bent Abutilon auritum FACU Asian Agrostis stolonifera FACU Spreading Bent Indian-Mallow Ailanthus altissima FACU Tree-of-Heaven Abutilon indicum FAC FACU Monkeybush Aira caryophyllea FACU Common Acacia confusa FACU Small Philippine Silver-Hair Grass Wattle Albizia lebbeck FACU Woman's-Tongue Acaena exigua OBL Liliwai Aleurites moluccanus FACU Indian-Walnut Acalypha amentacea FACU Alocasia cucullata FACU Chinese Taro Match-Me-If-You-Can Alocasia macrorrhizos FAC Giant Taro Acalypha poiretii UPL Poiret's Alpinia purpurata FACU Red-Ginger Copperleaf Alpinia zerumbet FACU Shellplant Acanthocereus tetragonus UPL Triangle Cactus Alternanthera ficoidea FACU Sanguinaria Achillea millefolium UPL Common Yarrow Alternanthera sessilis FAC FACW Sessile Joyweed Achyranthes
  • Cyperus Odoratus L. (Cyperaceae) a Newly Recorded Species in India

    Cyperus Odoratus L. (Cyperaceae) a Newly Recorded Species in India

    International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 0974-4304 Vol.6, No.2, pp 518-520, April-June 2014 Cyperus odoratus L. (Cyperaceae) A newly recorded Species in India A. Ramachandran 1 & S. Soosairaj 2* 1Centre for Climate Change and Adaptation Research, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. 2Department of Botany, St.Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli -620002, Tamilnadu, India. Corres.author: [email protected] *, [email protected] Abstract: Cyperus , comprising about 600 species in the world, is a large genus of the family Cyperaceae. In the course of our botanical inventory, Cyperus odoratus L ., heretofore unknown in India, was collected at foothill of Pacchaimalai hills, Eastern ghats, Taminadu, India. This species is native to America and morphologically resembles C. strigosus L. except the subcylindrical spikelets. This report provides a description, line drawings, and colored photographs taken from the wild to aid in identification. Keywords: Cyperus odoratus L.,Cyperaceae, Newly recorded Species, India. INTRODUCTION Cyperus is the largest genus of about 600 species of sedges (Cyperaceae) followed by Carex, distributed in both tropical and temperate regions except the land that is covered with ice. The genus Cyperus found associated with wet and marshy locations and Cyperus helferi Boeck. is the only species known to live in submerged condition. Cyperus odoratus L. is native of North America also reported from South America, Africa, Australia and Asian countries like Japan, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and Philippines. Commonly it is known as Fragrant flat sedge, Rusty flat sedge and Calingale. It is usually among the most common Cyperus species throughout its range.
  • A Handbook for Weed Control in Rice

    A Handbook for Weed Control in Rice

    1991 P.O. Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) was established in 1960 by the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations with the help and approval of the Government of the Philippines. Today IRRI is one of the 13 nonprofit international research and training centers supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The CGIAR is sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organi- zation of the United Nations, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Devel- opment (World Bank), and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The CGIAR consists of 50 donor countries, international and regional organizations, and private foundations. IRRI receives support, through the CGIAR, from a number of donors includ- ing the Asian Development Bank, the European Economic Community, the Ford Foundation, the International Development Research Centre, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the OPEC Special Fund, the Rockefeller Foundation, UNDP, the World Bank, and the international aid agencies of the following governments: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Fin- land, France, Germany, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and United States. The responsibility for this publication rests with the International Rice Research Institute. Copyright © International Rice Research Institute 1991 All rights reserved. Except for quotations of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval systems, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechani- cal, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission of IRRI.
  • Strip Tillage and Crop Residue Retention Decrease the Size but Increase the Diversity of the Weed Seed Bank Under Intensive Rice-Based Crop Rotations in Bangladesh

    Strip Tillage and Crop Residue Retention Decrease the Size but Increase the Diversity of the Weed Seed Bank Under Intensive Rice-Based Crop Rotations in Bangladesh

    agronomy Article Strip Tillage and Crop Residue Retention Decrease the Size but Increase the Diversity of the Weed Seed Bank under Intensive Rice-Based Crop Rotations in Bangladesh Mohammad Mobarak Hossain 1,* , Mahfuza Begum 2, Abul Hashem 3, Md. Moshiur Rahman 2, Sharif Ahmed 4 , Montaser M. Hassan 5 , Talha Javed 6 , Rubab Shabbir 6 , Adel Hadifa 7, Ayman EL Sabagh 8,* and Richard W. Bell 9 1 Rice Breeding Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, Los Baños 4031, Philippines 2 Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (M.M.R.) 3 Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia; [email protected] 4 International Rice Research Institute, Bangladesh Office, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; [email protected] 5 Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 6 College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; [email protected] (T.J.); [email protected] (R.S.) 7 Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Citation: Hossain, M.M.; Begum, M.; Kafr Elsheikh 33717, Egypt; [email protected] Hashem, A.; Rahman, M..M.; Ahmed, 8 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt S.; Hassan, M.M.; Javed, T.; Shabbir, 9 Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Future Food Institute, Murdoch University, South St., R.; Hadifa, A.; Sabagh, A.E.; et al.