DOCSLIB.ORG

Sleep-Dependent Consolidation of Motor Skills in Patients with Narcolepsy-Cataplexy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sleep-Dependent Consolidation of Motor Skills in Patients with Narcolepsy-Cataplexy Archives Italiennes de Biologie, 150: 185-193, 2012. Sleep-dependent consolidation of motor skills in patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy M. MAZZETTI1, G. PLAZZI2, C. CAMPI1, A. CICCHELLA1, K. MATTAROZZI1, G. TUOZZI1, S. VANDI2, L. VIGNATELLI3, C. CIPOLLI1 1 Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Italy; 2 Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy; 3 City of Bologna Local Health Trust, Bologna, Italy A bstract Background and Objectives: This study investigated whether the altered organization of post-training sleep in patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy (NC) is associated with a lower off-line improvement in the consolidation of motor skills compared with normal subjects. Study Design: Fourteen drug-naive NC patients, fulfilling the international clinical and polysomnographic diag- nostic criteria, and 14 individually-matched controls underwent training at a sequential finger tapping task (FTT) and were re-tested on the next morning (after a night with polysomnographic recording) and after another six nights (spent at home). Setting: Training and retrieval sessions were performed in a controlled laboratory setting. Results: FTT performance was worse in NC patients than controls at training and at both retrieval sessions and showed a fairly different time course (slower than in controls) of consolidation. Several sleep indices (lower values of stage-2 NREM sleep and SWS) were compatible with a lower effectiveness of sleep for consolidation of motor skills in NC patients, although no statistically significant relationship was found between such indices and improve- ment rate. Conclusion: The consolidation process of motor skills results less effective in NC patients since training and slower than in normal subjects over the week following training. The wider variations in performance scores and sleep parameters of post.-training night in NC patients relative to controls suggest that a) the lower initial consolidation may be due to a less effective encoding consequent to altered prior sleep, and b) the consolidation process over the 24 h following training is negatively influenced not only by the altered characteristics of post-training sleep, but also by the daytime sleepiness following training. Key words Narcolepsy-cataplexy • Altered sleep • Non-declarative memory • Consolidation process • Motor skills Introduction particular, non-declarative) information has shown to be negatively influenced by an acute sleep loss, A sleep-dependent effect has been consistently as well as sleep restriction and fragmentation (for observed in the consolidation process of recent review, see Diekelmann and Born, 2010). (namely, acquired in the pre-sleep period) informa- It seems thus plausible that the altered sleep of tion, regardless of their declarative or non-declar- patients with such chronic disorders as primary ative nature (i.e., “know what” and “know-how”, insomnia (PI), obstructive sleep apnoeas (OSA), and according to Squire’s taxonomy: Squire, 1993). narcolepsy-cataplexy (NC), also has a less positive Complementarily, the consolidation of new (in effect on memory consolidation. Indeed, these disor- Corresponding Author: Carlo Cipolli, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy - Tel.: +39 51 2091816 - Fax: +39 51 243086 - Email: [email protected] 186 M. MAZZETTI ET AL. ders have often been associated with varying impair- Inclusion criteria were: excessive daytime sleepi- ments in memory tasks on both declarative and non- ness, measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale declarative information (in particular, perceptual and (ESS: Johns, 1991) and confirmed by the Multiple motor skills: for review, see Fulda and Schulz, 2001; Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), demonstrating a mean 2010). This makes it crucial to establish whether the sleep latency of eight minutes or less and at least postulated smaller gain provided by altered sleep in two episodes of SOREM sleep; clear-cut cataplexy; the consolidation of new information is at least partly presence of the human leukocyte antigen HLA- responsible for the memory impairment observed in DQB1*0602 (Mignot et al., 1997); right-handedness. patients with chronic sleep disorders. Exclusion criteria were: age under 18 and over 50 To date, few studies have tested this hypothesis (for years (the wide age range depending on the rarity review, see Cipolli et al., 2012). A lower post-night of the disease); less than eight years of education; a improvement in motor skills relative to normal sub- history of pharmacological treatment for sleep disor- jects has been reported in two (Nissen et al., 2006; ders; a history of psychiatric disorders or other neu- 2011) of the three studies (the other being that by rological diseases, and brain lesions (ascertained at Backhaus et al., 2006) on PI patients and in the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); moderate only study on OSA patients (Kloepfer et al., 2009), or severe depression (a score higher than 18 on Beck whereas no study has so far investigated NC patients. Depression Inventory: (Beck et al., 1961), visual or Narcolepsy-cataplexy is a neurological disease asso- motor deficits, i.e. scores above the cut-off point of ciated to numerous variations in the sleep architec- mild deficit in all the psychometric tests listed below ture. Besides an excessive daytime sleepiness, NC (see Materials). patients show an increased number of awakenings and stage shifts over the night, a larger proportion Control subjects of stage-1 and lower proportions of stage 2 sleep Fourteen healthy subjects individually matched with and slow wave sleep (SWS) than normal subjects NC patients for sex, age and educational level (AASM, 2005). were selected at the Psychology Department of the We report here the results of a study on the level University of Bologna. Subjects had to sleep seven and time course of motor skills consolidation in to nine hours per night without any major disruption NC patients relative to matched healthy controls. of the sleep-wake cycle, as assessed clinically by an Consolidation level was measured by means a expert neurologist (G.P.). The exclusion criteria were sequential finger tapping task (FTT) at training, the same as those adopted for NC patients, plus a after the following night (spent in laboratory) and score of ten or more at ESS and the need to take any after a six further nights (spent at home). FTT was medication at the time of the experiment. Subjects chosen as a) sensitive to sleep-dependent variations were paid for their participation in the study. in motor learning in healthy subjects (Walker et al., The study protocol was approved by the local Ethics 2002), and b) representative of skilled sequential Committee. Informed written consent according to movements (from dialling a phone number to play- the Declaration of Helsinki was obtained from each ing the piano) at work in everyday motor behaviour participant. (Ghilardi et al., 2009; Kvint et al., 2011). Apparatus PSG recording (System 98, Micromed®; Mogliano Methods Veneto, Italy) included EEG (four channels), verti- cal and horizontal EOG (two channels), EMG (three Participants channels) for mylohyoideus and right and left ante- Patients rior tibialis muscles and ECG (one channel). EEG Fourteen first-diagnosed NC patients were enrolled electrodes were positioned according to the interna- for the study at the Sleep Disorders Centre of the tional 10-20 system on sites C3, C4, Cz, O1, with University of Bologna. NC diagnosis was based controlateral mastoid reference. Sleep stages were on the international clinical and polysomnographic classified following standard criteria (Rechtschaffen (PSG) criteria (AASM, 2005). and Kales, 1968). SLEEP AND motor SKILLS IN NARCOLEPSY 187 Materials day, the next day (after the night spent in laboratory) Psychometric Testing and after a further six nights (spent at home). All participants were examined by the same psy- The experiment was planned on non-consecutive chologist, unaware of the study aims, who admin- days with respect to the clinical routine to avoid istered Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised making the cognitive and emotional burden too (Wechsler, 1981) for the assessment of global and arduous. specific cognitive deficits, Wechsler Memory Scale (Wechsler, 1987) for short- and long-term memory, Control subjects Baddeley Logical Reasoning Test (Baddeley, 1968) The design planned for controls was the same as for for reasoning, the forms A and B of Trail Making NC patients to balance the cognitive and emotional Test for speed of processing, flexibility and execu- demands: subjects eligible as individually-matched tive functions (Tombaugh, 2004). controls underwent psychometric assessment and a nocturnal PSG recording for adaptation to the labo- finger Tapping ratory and started the experimental routine in the FTT requires the subject to press repeatedly a following week. five element sequence (6-3-5-4-6) with the fingers None of the participants were permitted to take a nap (except thumb) of the non-dominant hand on a com- after training, in order to measure the influence of puter keyboard as fast and accurately as possible for the following night-time sleep per se on the consoli- 30-s trials interrupted by 30-s breaks. dation level. They had to avoid coffee and alcohol FTT task was carried out without visual feedback of before and after training session and after next-day the tapping as the non-dominant hand was shielded and seventh-day sessions. On the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Elaborative Encoding, the Ancient Art of Memory, and the Hippocampus
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2013) 36, 589–659 provided by RERO DOC Digital Library doi:10.1017/S0140525X12003135 Such stuff as dreams are made on? Elaborative encoding, the ancient art of memory, and the hippocampus Sue Llewellyn Faculty of Humanities, University of Manchester, Manchester M15 6PB, United Kingdom http://www.humanities.manchester.ac.uk [email protected] Abstract: This article argues that rapid eye movement (REM) dreaming is elaborative encoding for episodic memories. Elaborative encoding in REM can, at least partially, be understood through ancient art of memory (AAOM) principles: visualization, bizarre association, organization, narration, embodiment, and location. These principles render recent memories more distinctive through novel and meaningful association with emotionally salient, remote memories. The AAOM optimizes memory performance, suggesting that its principles may predict aspects of how episodic memory is configured in the brain. Integration and segregation are fundamental organizing principles in the cerebral cortex. Episodic memory networks interconnect profusely within the cortex, creating omnidirectional “landmark” junctions. Memories may be integrated at junctions but segregated along connecting network paths that meet at junctions. Episodic junctions may be instantiated during non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep after hippocampal associational function during REM dreams. Hippocampal association involves relating, binding, and integrating episodic memories into a mnemonic compositional whole. This often bizarre, composite image has not been present to the senses; it is not “real” because it hyperassociates several memories. During REM sleep, on the phenomenological level, this composite image is experienced as a dream scene.
    [Show full text]
  • © Copyright 2013 Shervin S. Churchill Sleep and Activity Patterns of Children with Down Syndrome in Relation to Sleep Disordered Breathing
    © Copyright 2013 Shervin S. Churchill Sleep and Activity Patterns of Children with Down Syndrome in Relation to Sleep Disordered Breathing Shervin S. Churchill A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2013 Reading Committee: Gail M. Kieckhefer, Chair Teresa M. Ward Kristie F. Bjornson Program Authorized to Offer Degree: School of Nursing University of Washington Abstract Sleep and Activity Patterns of Children with Down Syndrome in Relation to Sleep Disordered Breathing Shervin S. Churchill Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Gail M. Kieckhefer Department of Family and Child Nursing Background and purpose: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a major health problem in children with Down syndrome (DS), and may adversely affect not only health, but also accomplishment of life’s daily activities and habits. Obesity is a known risk factor of SDB in the general population, but in children with DS there have been conflicting reports on the role of obesity in SDB. The goal of this dissertation is to: 1) review the current state of knowledge in sleep of children with DS; 2) describe sleep patterns, and examine the relationship of sleep disturbances, including SDB, with the accomplishment of daily life habits; and 3) describe activity patterns, and evaluate the relationships between SDB, sleep duration, obesity and physical activity (PA) in a sample of children with DS. Methods: A review of the English language literature between 1960 and 2012 was completed, studies were described and synthesized. An Internet sample of 139 parents of children ages 5 to 18 years (110 parents of children with DS, 29 parents of children with typical development [TD]), completed a 45-minute online survey.
    [Show full text]
  • ESRS 40Th Anniversary Book
    European Sleep Research Society 1972 – 2012 40th Anniversary of the ESRS Editor: Claudio L. Bassetti Co-Editors: Brigitte Knobl, Hartmut Schulz European Sleep Research Society 1972 – 2012 40th Anniversary of the ESRS Editor: Claudio L. Bassetti Co-Editors: Brigitte Knobl, Hartmut Schulz Imprint Editor Publisher and Layout Claudio L. Bassetti Wecom Gesellschaft für Kommunikation mbH & Co. KG Co-Editors Hildesheim / Germany Brigitte Knobl, Hartmut Schulz www.wecom.org © European Sleep Research Society (ESRS), Regensburg, Bern, 2012 For amendments there can be given no limit or warranty by editor and publisher. Table of Contents Presidential Foreword . 5 Future Perspectives The Future of Sleep Research and Sleep Medicine in Europe: A Need for Academic Multidisciplinary Sleep Centres C. L. Bassetti, D.-J. Dijk, Z. Dogas, P. Levy, L. L. Nobili, P. Peigneux, T. Pollmächer, D. Riemann and D. J. Skene . 7 Historical Review of the ESRS General History of the ESRS H. Schulz, P. Salzarulo . 9 The Presidents of the ESRS (1972 – 2012) T. Pollmächer . 13 ESRS Congresses M. Billiard . 15 History of the Journal of Sleep Research (JSR) J. Horne, P. Lavie, D.-J. Dijk . 17 Pictures of the Past and Present of Sleep Research and Sleep Medicine in Europe J. Horne, H. Schulz . 19 Past – Present – Future Sleep and Neuroscience R. Amici, A. Borbély, P. L. Parmeggiani, P. Peigneux . 23 Sleep and Neurology C. L. Bassetti, L. Ferini-Strambi, J. Santamaria . 27 Psychiatric Sleep Research T. Pollmächer . 31 Sleep and Psychology D. Riemann, C. Espie . 33 Sleep and Sleep Disordered Breathing P. Levy, J. Hedner . 35 Sleep and Chronobiology A.
    [Show full text]
  • Abnormal Sleep Spindles, Memory Consolidation, and Schizophrenia
    CP15CH18_Manoach ARjats.cls April 17, 2019 13:18 Annual Review of Clinical Psychology Abnormal Sleep Spindles, Memory Consolidation, and Schizophrenia Dara S. Manoach1,2 and Robert Stickgold3 1Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; email: [email protected] 2Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA 3Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 2019. 15:451–79 Keywords First published as a Review in Advance on cognition, endophenotype, genetics, memory, schizophrenia, sleep, spindles February 20, 2019 The Annual Review of Clinical Psychology is online at Abstract clinpsy.annualreviews.org There is overwhelming evidence that sleep is crucial for memory consol- https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718- idation. Patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected relatives have a 095754 specific deficit in sleep spindles, a defining oscillation of non-rapid eye Access provided by 73.61.23.229 on 05/29/19. For personal use only. Copyright © 2019 by Annual Reviews. movement (NREM) Stage 2 sleep that, in coordination with other NREM All rights reserved oscillations, mediate memory consolidation. In schizophrenia, the spindle Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 2019.15:451-479. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org deficit correlates with impaired sleep-dependent memory consolidation, positive symptoms, and abnormal thalamocortical connectivity. These re- lations point to dysfunction of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), which generates spindles, gates the relay of sensory information to the cortex, and modulates thalamocortical communication.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Alzheimer’S Disease
    Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease xx (20xx) x–xx 1 DOI 10.3233/JAD-179936 IOS Press 1 Review 2 The Relationship between Obstructive 3 Sleep Apnea and Alzheimer’s Disease a,b,∗ c d b,e,∗ 4 Andreia Andrade , Omonigho M. Bubu , Andrew W. Varga and Ricardo S. Osorio a 5 Department of Neurology, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA b 6 Department of Psychiatry, Center for Brain Health, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA c 7 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 8 Tampa, FL, USA d 9 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine 10 at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA e 11 Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, NY, USA 12 Abstract. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are highly prevalent conditions with growing impact 13 on our aging society. While the causes of OSA are now better characterized, the mechanisms underlying AD are still largely 14 unknown, challenging the development of effective treatments. Cognitive impairment, especially affecting attention and 15 executive functions, is a recognized clinical consequence of OSA. A deeper contribution of OSA to AD pathogenesis is 16 now gaining support from several lines of research. OSA is intrinsically associated with disruptions of sleep architecture, 17 intermittent hypoxia and oxidative stress, intrathoracic and hemodynamic changes as well as cardiovascular comorbidities. 18 All of these could increase the risk for AD, rendering OSA as a potential modifiable target for AD prevention.
    [Show full text]
  • Sleep-Wake Patterns and Their Influence on School Performance In
    Aten Primaria. 2014;46(Espec Cong 1):160-164 Atención Primaria www.elsevier.es/ap SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE Sleep-wake patterns and their inÁ uence on school performance in Portuguese adolescents João Duarte*, Paula Nelas, Cláudia Chaves, Manuela Ferreira, Emília Coutinho, Madalena Cunha Escola Superior de Saúde de Viseu, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Viseu, Portugal KEYWORDS Abstract Adolescent; Objective: To characterise sleep-wake patterns and their inÁ uence on academic performance Sleep; for a sample of Portuguese adolescents. Achievement; Research design: Cross-sectional, analytical-explanatory, correlational epidemiological Educational status; research. The protocol includes the composite morningness questionnaire (Barton et al, 1985 Habits; adapted by Silva et al, 1985), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (Murray, 1991), chronic fatigue scale Students (Smith et al, 1995), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (Buysse, 1988), Educational Achievement (Fermin, 2005), personal and academic data. Participants: 2094 students (55.3% girls; 16-23 years old; M = 16.82 ± 1.25) attending secondary school in central Portugal. Living in urban areas, living with their parents and about 57.1% are in a family with reasonable economic resources. Results: Adolescents’ sleep patterns reveal that they sleep on average between 8-9 hours a night, do not use medication to sleep, with sleep latency within the normal range, with good sleep efficiency, without daytime dysfunction and with undisturbed sleep, predominantly intermediate chronotype. Minor drowsiness, increased sleep efÀ ciency, improved subjective sleep satisfaction, less sleep disturbance, less daytime dysfunction, not consuming hypnotic medications, associated with better academic performance. Morningness/eveningness, sleep efficiency, daytime dysfunction and sleep latency emerge as predictors of academic performance.
    [Show full text]
  • Sleep Is for Forgetting
    464 • The Journal of Neuroscience, January 18, 2017 • 37(3):464–473 Dual Perspectives Dual Perspectives Companion Paper: Sleep to Remember, by Susan J. Sara Sleep Is for Forgetting Gina R. Poe Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-7246 It is possible that one of the essential functions of sleep is to take out the garbage, as it were, erasing and “forgetting” information built up throughout the day that would clutter the synaptic network that defines us. It may also be that this cleanup function of sleep is a general principle of neuroscience, applicable to every creature with a nervous system. Key words: depotentiation; development; mental health; noradrenaline; REM sleep; spindles; theta; TR sleep Introduction was for forgetting useless tidbits of information learned through- In this article, I discuss and illustrate the importance of forgetting out the day that, if not eliminated, would soon saturate the mem- for development, for memory integration and updating, and for ory synaptic network with junk. Therefore, the type of forgetting resetting sensory-motor synapses after intense use. I then intro- we will discuss here is also not the global synaptic weight down- duce the mechanisms whereby sleep states and traits could serve scaling of the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis (SHY) (Tononi this unique forgetting function separately for memory circuits and Cirelli, 2003), although evidence from excellent experiments within reach of the locus coeruleus (LC) and those formed and used to support the idea of sleep for synaptic homeostasis will be governed outside its noradrenergic net. Specifically, I talk about used to make points here.
    [Show full text]
  • Neurology and Psychiatry: Waking up to Opportunities of Sleep
    REVIEW ARTICLE Neurology and psychiatry: waking up to opportunities of sleep. State of the art and clinical/research priorities for the next decade C. L. Bassetti1, L. Ferini-Strambi2, S. Brown3, A. Adamantidis1, F. Benedetti4, O. Bruni5, C. Cajochen6, L. Dolenc-Groselj7, R. Ferri8, S. Gais9, R. Huber10, R. Khatami11, G. J. Lammers12,13, P. H. Luppi14, M. Manconi15, C. Nissen16, L. Nobili17, P. Peigneux18, T. Pollmacher€ 19, W. Randerath20, D. Riemann16, J. Santamaria21, K. Schindler1, M. Tafti22,23, E. Van Someren24,25 and T. C. Wetter26 1Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; 2Division of Neuroscience, Sleep Disorders Centre, UniversitàVita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; 3Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich,€ Zurich,€ Switzerland; 4Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan; 5Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; 6Psychiatric University Clinic, Basel, Switzerland; 7Division of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 8Department of Neurology, Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, Italy; 9Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, Eberhard Karls Universitat€ Tubingen,€ Tubingen,€ Germany; 10Department of Paediatrics, Children’s University Hospital, Zurich; 11Sleep Centre, Klinik Barmelweid AG, Barmelweid, Switzerland; 12Department
    [Show full text]
  • Phd Thesis Jakke Tamminen
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by White Rose E-theses Online Learning new words: Effects of meaning, memory consolidation, and sleep Jakke Johannes Tamminen Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of York Department of Psychology February 2010 Abstract Although encountering novel words in one’s own language in adulthood is not an uncommon event, the relevant cognitive processes have become the target of systematic investigation only in recent years. This thesis addressed three main questions regarding word learning. The first was concerned with the role of meaning: to what degree is meaning necessary in integrating new representations in the lexicon? Experiments 1-3 suggested that meaning is indeed important. In the absence of trained meaning novel words may “inherit” the meaning of neighbouring familiar words, possibly explaining some seemingly incompatible reports in the literature (Experiment 1). Experiment 3 showed that such inherited meaning is sufficient to allow integration of novel words in the lexicon. Having established the importance of meaning in lexical integration, the thesis moved to the second question: does knowledge of novel word meanings benefit from offline memory consolidation? Experiments 4-7 suggested that this is the case. Experiment 4 showed that consolidated novel words elicited faster semantic decisions than words learned just before testing, while Experiment 5 showed that cued recall of word forms is also enhanced over time. Experiments 6-7 refined these conclusions by using semantic priming paradigms, showing that novel word primes facilitate processing of semantically associated familiar words after a period of offline consolidation has been allowed to operate over an extended period of time involving several days and/or nights.
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Dysfunction in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University TIIA SAUNAMÄKI Executive Dysfunction in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Tampere, for public discussion in the Väinö Linna-Auditorium K104, Kalevantie 5, Tampere, on November 5th, 2010, at 12 o’clock. UNIVERSITY OF TAMPERE ACADEMIC DISSERTATION University of Tampere Department of Psychology Finland Distribution Tel. +358 40 190 9800 Bookshop TAJU Fax +358 3 3551 7685 P.O. Box 617 [email protected] 33014 University of Tampere www.uta.fi/taju Finland http://granum.uta.fi Cover design by Mikko Reinikka Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 1548 Acta Electronica Universitatis Tamperensis 994 ISBN 978-951-44-8204-5 (print) ISBN 978-951-44-8205-2 (pdf) ISSN-L 1455-1616 ISSN 1456-954X ISSN 1455-1616 http://acta.uta.fi Tampereen Yliopistopaino Oy – Juvenes Print Tampere 2010 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor, Docent Mervi Jehkonen from the Department of Psychology at the University of Tampere for her unfailing inspiration and guidance and for always being so easy to approach. I have felt in safe hands throughout this emotional journey and have certainly come to appreciate how extraordinarily satisfying it can be to combine scientific and clinical neuropsychological work. I wish to thank Professor Jari Hietanen from Department of Psychology. Even though we have not worked closely in the course of this research, he has had a great influence on my work because of his praiseworthy demanding attitude.
    [Show full text]
  • Development and Evaluation of the Sleep Treatment and Education Program for Students (STEPS) Franklin Christian Brown
    Louisiana Tech University Louisiana Tech Digital Commons Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School Fall 2002 Development and evaluation of the Sleep Treatment and Education Program for Students (STEPS) Franklin Christian Brown Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.latech.edu/dissertations Part of the Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy Commons INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Development And Evaluation of the Sleep Treatment and Education Program for Students (STEPS) Franklin C. Brown, M.A. College of Education Louisiana Tech University A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy November 2002 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Sleep and Learning Imposed Rotation by Progressively Reducing the Directional Error Of
    letters to nature Acknowledgements J. Awe was an astute volunteer during four summers of fieldwork; and To investigate local aspects of sleep regulation, we asked subjects C. Morse provided statistical advice. The research was supported by National Science Foundation to perform a motor learning task just before going to sleep. In this grants to P.M.S. and M.E.H. This is a contribution to IGCP Project 503. task, subjects reach for visual targets using a handheld cursor while unconsciously adapting to systematic rotations imposed on the Competing interests statement The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests. perceived cursor trajectory (Fig. 1a; see also ref. 4). This rotation adaptation task was chosen because it is an implicit learning Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to P.M.S. ([email protected]). paradigm; it is suitable for extended sessions; it permits accurate parameterization of both performance improvement and noise reduction; it can be contrasted with a no-rotation task that has the same kinematic requirements and is subjectively indistinguish- able; and in contrast with the no-rotation task, it activates circum- .............................................................. scribed brain regions (that is, right parietal areas 40 and 7 (ref. 4)). Over a number of movements, all our subjects adapted to the Local sleep and learning imposed rotation by progressively reducing the directional error of 1 2 1 1 their trajectory as well as its variance (Fig. 1b). Reto Huber , M. Felice Ghilardi , Marcello Massimini & Giulio Tononi Immediately after the rotation adaptation task, we recorded the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) using a 256-channel system 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA (Electrical Geodesics) inside a soundproofed room.
    [Show full text]