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Genealogies of the Siberian Bukharans: the Shikhovs

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Genealogies of the Siberian Bukharans: the Shikhovs UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Genealogies of the Siberian Bukharans: the Shikhovs Bustanov, A.K.; Korusenko, S.N. DOI 10.1016/j.aeae.2015.06.014 Publication date 2014 Document Version Final published version Published in Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology License CC BY Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Bustanov, A. K., & Korusenko, S. N. (2014). Genealogies of the Siberian Bukharans: the Shikhovs. Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology, 42(4), 136-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeae.2015.06.014 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:28 Sep 2021 ARCHAEOLOGY, ETHNOLOGY & ANTHROPOLOGY OF EURASIA Archaeology Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 42/4 (2014) 136–145 E-mail: [email protected] 136 ETHNOLOGY A.K. Bustanov1 and S.N. Korusenko2 1European University at St. Petersburg, Gagarinskaia 3, St. Petersburg, 191187, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2Omsk Division of Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Marksa 15, Omsk, 644024, Russia E-mail: [email protected] GENEALOGIES OF THE SIBERIAN BUKHARANS: THE SHIKHOVS* This paper focuses on the analysis of historical stories associated with an elite family of Siberian Muslims. Particular attention is paid to veri¿ cation of the original Arabic-language sources by comparing them with data obtained from population censuses and ethnographic interviews. The existence of genealogy among the West Siberian Tatars refers to the Bukharans who populated the region intensively in the 16th–19th centuries, developing into an ethnic and class group, and then in the 20th century assimilated among the Siberian Tatars. Several versions of the genealogy of descendants of ‘Awwas-Baqi, who arrived from the city of Sayram in the outskirts of Tara in Siberia, as well as the social status of the main members representing the Shikhov family, have been successfully identi¿ ed. Keywords: genealogy, Shaykhs, Siberian Bukharans, elite families. Introduction speaking population had been inÀ uenced greatly by the latter, and their missionary activity became the basis for This research continues the study focused on the elite the Islamization of the Siberian Tatars. We focus on the family clans associated with a Turkic-speaking population Shikhov family clan that settled down in the Tara district in the south of the West Siberian Plain (see, e.g., of the Tobolsk Governorate, but that originated from the (Bustanov, Korusenko, 2010)). Most of their founders had city of Sayram located in the middle À ow of the Syr Darya migrated to Siberia from different regions of Central Asia River. To date, in the villages founded and populated by and joined the ethnic and class group of the Bukharans. the Bukharans during the 17th–19th centuries in the Tara The ethnocultural development of the local Turkic- district (the present-day Bolsherechye and Tara Districts in the Omsk Region), the collective memory still keeps *Supported by the Russian Foundation for the Humanities, legendary narratives recounting the appearance of people Project No. 13-31-01011/a1, “The Sacred Families of Siberian related to this family in Siberia as well as milestone events Muslims: The Late 16th–Early 21st Centuries”; within the that occurred in the lives of the Siberian Bukharans. The framework for the implementation of the Public Contract of the depth of genealogical memory in this case is de¿ ned by a Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, long stretch of time during which the Shikhovs preserved Project No. 33.1684.2014/ɤ. the written genealogies referred to as shajara (from Copyright © 2014, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.aeae.2015.06.014 A.K. Bustanov and S.N. Korusenko / Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 42/4 (2014) 136–145 137 Arabic word ‘tree’), some of which were partially lost for various reasons during the Soviet times. Some members of the Shikhov family migrated to Turkey in the early 20th century and established a separate settlement there, where the family history has been resurrected. The sources used in this study are divided into three categories, allowing us to provide a comprehensive reconstruction of the Shikhov family history. The ¿ rst one includes a written record made in the Persian, Arabic and Turkic languages, relating the history of this family in Siberia and Turkey. This material was collected between 2008 and 2012 in the settlements of the Omsk Region (the Ulenkul village of the Bolsherechye District); in the south of Kazakhstan (the cities of Sayram and Fig. 1. Manviia Husainovna Shikhova, a local historian, collector, and keeper of Turkestan); and in a number of Turkish data on the Shikhov family history (the village of Ulenkul of the Bolsherechye localities (the city of Konya, the village District of the Omsk Region). Photograph by S.N. Korusenko, 2007. of Bogrudelik) where the Shikhovs descendants, who immigrated in the ¿ rst decades of the 20th century, live compactly. Our Archival documents have been used to reveal the material includes both genealogical records (a tradition reality of events reÀ ected in folk memory, comprising of their compilation is still alive) and verbal information the third category of sources: the Tara Inventory Book (In that has been gathered by a local ethnographer, Manviia Russian: Tarskaya dozornaya kniga) of 1701 that contains Kh. Shikhova (1929–2009), a history teacher in the data on the Bukharans (Russian State Archives of Ancient Ulenkul village of the Bolsherechye District, the Omsk Acts (RGADA). F. 214, Bk. 1199); the primary materials Region (Fig. 1). of the 4th–10th revisions (1782–1858) and the 1897 The second category includes materials obtained in population census; and various administrative documents 1975 and 1999–2000 during ethnographic expeditions providing details on settlements, inhabitants, and lands carried out by Omsk State University and the Omsk belonging to the Bukharans. Division of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography Between the 18th and early 20th centuries, the of SB RAS. These are the historical traditions and Shikhov family clan became so prominent that one may genealogies of people living in the Tatar settlements of write a monograph about them. Since our study is limited Ulenkul, Yalankul and others (the Bolsherechye District by the scope of this paper, only two episodes from the of the Omsk Region), and Rechapovo (the Tara District history of this clan will be analyzed below. of the Omsk Region). The legends tell about the time when the settlements had been established, about the first inhabitants and important events. Genealogies Descendants of the Prophet Muhammad drawn up according to methodology developed by the in Siberia Omsk ethnographers provide data regarding the ethnic identity, place of birth, age, and education of informants The study of the elite groups that included the Siberian and their relatives. At the same time, genealogies reÀ ect Bukharans involves four categories of sacred groups, i.e. ethnogenetic memory of the present-day Tatars who those related to the family of the Prophet Muhammad descended from the Bukharans. In Ulenkul, the collection (sadat, ashraf) and various Islamic saints. of genealogies was carried out in 1975 and 2000, that is, 1. Descendants of the Saint Sayyid Ata. This family within one generation. A signi¿ cant difference can be that settled down in Western Siberia as early as the observed in ethnic self-determination: if in 1975 quite second half of the 16th century was represented by two a lot of informants called themselves Bukharan Tatars, branches: the Aitikins and the Imyaminovs (Bustanov, then in 2000 there was just a small number of them, and 2009, 2010; Bustanov, 2011). Both family branches the majority of people identi¿ ed themselves as Siberian wielded signi¿ cant political and religious authority based Tatars. on their prestigious origin (either real or alleged), and on 138 A.K. Bustanov and S.N. Korusenko / Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 42/4 (2014) 136–145 formidable economic power in the form of land ownership of it (written in 1883) at our disposal, that is preserved and merchant capital. The descendants of Sayyid Ata in Foat T. Valeev’s archive and still remains unpublished. belonged to the most respected sacred family in Siberia, There were a number of other families with similar status and held the titles of Khwaja and Sayyid, i.e. they were and titles, but their existence is are much more sparsely considered to be the offsprings of the Prophet Muhammad documented. through his grandson Husayn. The ¿ rst published work dedicated to the history of 2. Descendants of Malik Baba. These are known under the Shikhov family is “A Husayni Genealogy of Shaykh the family name of Shikhovs (the present paper deals with Sayyid Battal b. Dawlat Baqi al-Shaykhi”, issued by his them).
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