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Jaringan Sosial Pedagang Di Pasar Malam Cibadak, Cisauk, Tangerang

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Jaringan Sosial Pedagang Di Pasar Malam Cibadak, Cisauk, Tangerang JARINGAN SOSIAL PEDAGANG DI PASAR MALAM CIBADAK, CISAUK, TANGERANG Skripsi Diajukan kepada Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) Oleh: RAKA BELLA RIFKY 1112111000027 PROGRAM STUDI SOSIOLOGI FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2018 i ii iii iv ABSTRAK Skripsi ini menganalisa mengenai bentuk jaringan sosial pedagang pasar malam Cibadak yang berada di Kelurahan Suradita Kecamatan Cisauk Kabupaten Tangerang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan dan menggambarkan bagaimana bentuk jaringan sosial pedagang pasar malam serta menjelaskan faktor pendukung dalam rangka mempertahankan aktifitas perdagangan mereka. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi yang dilakukan oleh penulis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Kerangka teoritis yang digunakan dalam skripsi in adalah teori Jaringan yang dikemukakan oleh Marc Granovetter yang terdiri dari empat point utama yaitu (1) Norma dan Kepadatan Jaringan, (2) Ikatan Lemah atau Ikatan Kuat Aktor, (3) Peran Lain Yang Menjembatani Aktor (4) Konsep Keterlekatan. Dari hasil analisa dengan menggunakan teori tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat norma yang mengatur jaringan pedagang yang ada dipasar malam, terdapat ikatan lemah yang diciptakan para aktor sehingga menimbulkan ikatan kuat, terdapat peran lain yang menjembatani para aktor ini dalam berinteraksi yaitu peran media komunikasi serta konsep keterlekatan yang menjelaskan hubungan antar sesama pedagang maupun pembeli. Selain dengan jaringan sosial yang dibentuk oleh pedagang bahwa ditemukan juga faktor lain yang merupakan faktor pendukung bagi pedagang untuk terus tetap bertahan dalam aktifitas perdagangannya. Kata kunci : jaringan sosial, pedagang, pasar, fungsi jaringan. v KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur tak henti-hentinya penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, karena atas izin dan kuasanya penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul “JARINGAN SOSIAL DAN FUNGSI EKONOMIS DI PASAR MALAM CIBADAK CISAUK TANGERANG”, meskipun dalam penulisannya jauh dari kata sempurna. Dalam memulai penulisan skripsi hingga akhir nya terselesaikan, penulis bertemu dengan orang-orang hebat yang membantu mengatasi kendala yang penulis alami selama menyusun skripsi ini. Oleh karena itu, atas segala bantuannya penulis ucapkan terimakasih kepada: 1. Prof. Dr. Dede Rosyada, MA, selaku Rektor UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Prof. Dr. Zulkifli, MA, selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 3. Dr. Cucu Nurhayati, M.Si, selaku Ketua Prodi Sosiologi yang telah memberi saran dan memotivasi penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 4. Dr. Joharotul Jamilah, M.Si, selaku Sekretaris Prodi Sosiologi yang telah memberi masukan untuk skripsi ini. 5. Kasyfiyullah, M.Si sebagai dosen pembimbing sekaligus orangtua dan teman yang sangat membantu penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Terimakasih Pak Kesepz atas kesabaran, pengertian, waktu dan ilmunya dalam membimbing dan memotivasi penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 6. Segenap Dosen Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik yang telah memberikan ilmu pengetahuannya kepada mahasiswa. 7. Kedua orang tua penulis, Bapak Rio dan Ibu Widarsih yang telah setia mendoakan dan memberikan semangat tenaga dan pikiran kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan tugas akhir skripsi ini. 8. Ketua pengelola serta para pedagang di Pasar Malam Cibadak yang telah bersedia membantu penulis dalam rangka pencarian data penelitian skripsi. vi 9. Keluarga besar Sosiologi A 2012, Ara, Alby, Arif, Reza, Ayurose, Ayufit, Divya, Nisbel, Rahmi, Aul, dan teman-teman lainnya, terimakasih atas ilmu dan pembelajaran berharganya. 10. Sahabat Para Pejuang Skripsi, Eni dan Nisbel yang sama-sama berjuang dalam menyelesaikan tugas akhir skripsi. 11. Teman-teman Translator Epitome, Desi, Ira, Ocha, Melin, Sulis, Agnes, yang telah membantu dan memotivasi penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 12. Teman-teman Q-Guava PRJ 2017, Sandra, Icha, Juni, Felice, dan teman-teman lainnya yang juga memberikan semangat untuk penulis menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Demikianlah ucapan terima kasih, semoga segala bantuan dan dukungannya mendapat balasan yang berlipat dari Allah SWT. Maka dengan ini penulis menerima kritik dan saran demi kesempurnaan skripsi. Semoga skripsi ini dapat memberikan manfaat. Jakarta, 01 Maret 2018 Penulis Raka Bella Rifky vii DAFTAR ISI ABSTRAK…………………………………………………………………………….iv KATA PENGANTAR………........................................................................................v DAFTAR ISI……………………………………………………………………….....vii DAFTAR TABEL……………………………………………………………………ix DAFTAR GAMBAR………………………………………………………………...ix BABI PENDAHULUAN A. Pernyataan Masalah ................................................................................. 1 B. Pertanyaan Penelitian……………………………………………… ....... 7 C. Tujuan Dan Manfaat Penelitian………………………………… ........... 7 D. Tinjauan Pustaka ...................................................................................... 8 E. Kerangka Konsep ..................................................................................... 17 1. Jaringan Sosial ............................................................................. 17 2. Pedagang ...................................................................................... 18 3. Pasar ............................................................................................. 19 F. Kerangka Teori ........................................................................................ 20 G. Metode Penelitian .................................................................................... 22 1. Pendekatan Penelitian .................................................................. 22 2. Subjek Penelitian ......................................................................... 23 a. Lokasi Penelitian .................................................................... 25 b. Waktu Penelitian .................................................................... 25 3. Sumber Data Penelitian................................................................ 25 a. Data Primer ............................................................................ 26 b. Data Sekunder ........................................................................ 26 4. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ........................................................... 26 a. Observasi ............................................................................... 26 b. Wawancara ............................................................................. 27 5. Metode Analisis Data ................................................................... 29 H. Sistematika Penulisan .............................................................................. 29 BABII SERBA-SERBI PASAR MALAM CIBADAK A. Letak Geografis Pasar Malam Cibadak ................................................... 31 B. Kondisi Demografis Kelurahan Suradita ................................................. 33 C. Perkembangan Dan Kondisi Pasar Malam Cibadak ................................ 35 D. Sarana Dan Prasarana Pasar Malam Cibadak .......................................... 45 viii E. Pendapatan Para Pedagang Pasar Malam Cibadak .................................. 47 BABIII BENTUK JARINGAN SOSIAL PASAR MALAM CIBADAK A. Jaringan Sosial Pedagang Pasar Malam Cibadak ................................ 50 1. Norma ........................................................................................... 50 2. Ikatan Lemah Dan Kuatnya Aktor ................................................ 53 3. Peran Lain Yang Menjembatani Aktor.......................................... 57 4. Keterlekatan Sosial ........................................................................ 59 B. Faktor Pendukung Kebertahanan Pedagang Pasar Malam Cibadak………………… .................................................................... 65 1. Peran Sosial Media Sebagai Pemasaran Produk………………………………………… ........................... 65 2. Lokasi Dan Sarana Prasarana Pasar Malam Cibadak .................... 67 3. Penentuan Harga ............................................................................ 70 BABIV PENUTUP A. Kesimpulan .......................................................................................... 72 B. Saran .................................................................................................... 73 Daftar Pustaka………………………………………………………………………… ........ x Lampiran…………………………………………………………………………… ............ xii ix DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1.1 Penelitian-Penelitian Terdahulu Terkait Jaringan Sosial…………….12 Tabel 2.1 Jumlah Penduduk Suradita Menurut Jenis Kelamin…………………32 Tabel 2.2 Jumlah Penduduk Suradita Berdasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan……....32 Tabel 2.3 Jumlah Penduduk Suradita Berdasarkan Jenis Pekerjaan…………...33 Tabel 2.4 Jumlah Pedagang Berdasarkan Jenis Barang Dagangan…………….39 Tabel 2.5 Sarana Dan Prasarana Pasar Malam Cibadak………………………..43 Tabel 2.6 Pendapatan Pedagang Pasar Malam Cibadak………………………..46 DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Peta Lokasi Tempat Pasar Malam………………………………31 Gambar 2.2 Suasana Jalan Raya Serpong-Cisauk……………………………41 Gambar 2.3 Suasana Pasar Malam……………………………………………42 Gambar 2.4 Suasana Parkir Motor Pasar Malam Cibadak……………………..44 Gambar 2.5 Suasana Parkir Mobil Pasar Malam Cibadak……………………44 x BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Penyataan Masalah Pasar dapat disebut juga sebagai pusat perekonomian dan perdagangan yang mempunyai
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