Global Studies Midterm Review The World in 1750

 Machiavelli, The Prince “End justifies the Means”, “Better to be Feared than loved.” Wrote THE PRINCE. Supports Absolutism. Maintain Power.

 Ottoman Empire – Trade Fall of Constantinople (1453) rule until end of WWI (1918) Suleiman the Magnificent. HUGE center of trade (Constantinople becomes Istanbul) Connects Asia, Africa, Europe.

 Louis XIV – Absolutism Sun King, Versailles, Absolute Power.

 Mughals – Muslim Akbar the Great, Diversity/ Tolerance, Islam Scientific Revolution / Enlightenment: Thinking of Reason and Natural Rights. Causes Revolution.

 Laws of Nature and Reason  Provided spark for revolutions  Locke – Natural Rights : 2 Treatises of Government, Natural Rights (Life, Liberty, Property) NO Absolutism. Supports Democracy. Revolution in America, France, and Latin America

 Causes of the French Revolution – Absolutism, Old Regime

Bad Leadership of Louis 16 and Marie Antoinette (P), Old Regime (S), High Taxation and no land to 3rd estate (E)

Enlightenment gave people new ideas.

 Effects of the Latin American Revolution – Simon Bolivar Caused by French Revolution. Encomienda System. SIM0N BOLIVAR attempted to unite all of South America. (Nationalism) Industrial Revolution

 Causes of the Industrial Revolution –  England had Natural Resources (Coal, Iron)

 Results of the Industrial Revolution – Urbanization, Middle Class Increased Social Mobility, Urbanization, New Middle Class.**  Karl Marx – Class Struggle, Proletariat Class Struggle between Proletariat and Capitalists. Adam Smith vs. Karl Marx (Laissez Faire vs. Socialism)

Nationalism

 Unification of Germany – Bismarck, Blood and Iron Bring Germany together after Congress of Vienna. Otto von Bismarck. Blood and Iron. Seizes Alsace/Lorraine.  Unification of Italy – Garibaldi Mazzini, Garabaldi, Cavour. Nationalists UNIFY Italy into one country. NATIONALISM. Imperialism

– War, , Unequal Treaties China was ETHNOCENTRIC. Conquered by England in Opium War. Forced to sign Treaty of Nanjing (Unequal Treaty). Divided into Spheres of Influence. Boxer rebellion attempted to eliminate all foreigners. UNSUCCESSFUL.  India – Sepoy Rebellion British East India Company. Sepoy Rebellion attempts to rid India of England. Fails. England builds railroads, schools, westernized India. England Takes FULL control of India.  Africa – White Man’s Burden, Berlin Conference  Scramble for Africa, Europe attempts to gain natural resources. (Coal, Diamonds)  Berlin Conference. NO AFRICANS PRESENT.  IGNORE African Culture and boundaries.  WHITE MAN’S BURDEN.

 Causes of World War I – MAIN, Final Spark M: Militarism

A: Alliances I: Imperialism

N: Nationalism

Final Spark is the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian Radical who wanted freedom for the Balkans.