DOCSLIB.ORG

The Ecology of Chaetognatha in the Coastal Waters of Eastern Hong

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The Ecology of Chaetognatha in the Coastal Waters of Eastern Hong Kong TSE，Pan Thesis submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirctnents for the degree of Master .of Philosophy Biology ©The Chinese University of Hong Kong February 2007 The Chinese University of Hong Kong holds the copyright of this thesis. Any person(s) intending to use part or whole of the materials in the thesis in a proposed publication must seek copyright release from the Dean of the Graduate School. 統系‘書圓 |f 0 3 M 18 )i| university~ SYSTEMy^ Thesis Committee Professor Chu Ka Hou (Chair) Professor Wong Chong Kim (Thesis Supervisor) Professor Ang Put O Jr (Committee Member) Professor Cheung Siu Gin (External Examiner) Abstract Chaetognaths occur in almost all marine habitats, including estuaries, open oceans, tide pools, polar waters, marine caves, coastal lagoons, and the deep sea. Their biomass is estimated to be 10-30% of that of copepods in the world oceans. Chaetognaths are voracious predators and have a great significance in transferring energy from small zooplankton to higher trophic levels, including juvenile fish and squid. However, their functional role in various oceanic and coastal ecosystems is hardly studied. In this study, species composition, species diversity and seasonal abundance of chaetognaths were investigated in two hydrographically different areas in the eastern coast of Hong Kong. Tolo Harbour, located in the northeastern comer of Hong Kong, is semi- enclosed and poorly flushed bay with a long history of eutrophication. It opens into the Mirs Bay, which is exposed to water currents from the South China Sea. Zooplankton samples were collected monthly from July 2003 to July 2005 at six sampling stations. A total of 20 species of chaetognaths were identified. They included 6 species of the genus Aidanosagitta, 4 species of the genus Zonosagitta, 3 species of the genus Ferosagitta and 1 species each from the genera Serratosagitta, Decipisagitta, Flaccisagitta, Krohnitta, Mesosagitta, Pterosagitta and Sagitta. The three most abundant species, Flaccisagitta enflata, Aidanosagitta neglecta and Aidanosagitta delicata, comprised 39.7 %, 28.2 % and 22.0 %, respectively of the total chaetognath populations in all the samples collected throughout the study period. Tolo Harbour supported larger populations, but fewer species of chaetognaths than the surrounding open waters. These observations suggest that some species of chaetognaths were carried into the coastal waters of Hong Kong by water currents from the South China Sea and established large populations in the productive and poorly flushed waters of Tolo Harbour. I Diel vertical migration of Flaccisagitta enflata was studied in Tolo Harbour (8-9 July 2005 and 15-16 December 2005) and in Mirs Bay (8-9 September 2005 and 12-13 January 2006). Adult F. enflata carried out more active vertical migration than the juveniles in both Tolo Harbour and Mirs Bay. Food availability, pycnocline and hypoxia do not affect the vertical distribution of F. enflata. Both adult and juvenile F. enflata fed more actively at night. The predation impact of Flaccisagitta enflata on the copepods, cladocerans and larvaceans were compared between sampling stations inside Tolo Harbour and in the surrounding waters outside Tolo Harbour. Though copepods were the most common prey of Flaccisagitta enflata, cladocerans and larvaceans were more preferred prey. The predation impact of F, enflata on copepods (0-1.14 %) was negligible in the subtropical coastal waters of Hong Kong. In contrast, the predation impact on cladocerans (0-7.71 %) and larvaceans (0-6.19 %) and was more significant. II 摘要 毛顎類出現在幾乎所有的海洋生態之中，包括河口、開洋、潮塘、極地海域、海 洋石窟、沿海瀉湖和深海。其生物量預計相等於世界大洋中10-30 %的橈足類。毛顎 類是一種袍猛的捕獵者，它們在食物鏈中擔當著重要的角色’負責把能量從細小的浮 游動物之中傳送到轉高等的動物裹，例如魚和魷魚。不過現時對毛顎類在各大洋和沿 海生態所擔當角色，並沒有深入的硏究。 我對香港東面兩個擁有不同地理特性的沿岸水域進行了有關毛顎類品種組成，品 種多樣性及季節分佈的硏究，這兩個水域包括吐露港和大鵬灣。吐露港位於香港的東 北角，它是一個半封閉，水流不通暢和具有悠久營養化歷史的海灣。而大鵬灣是一個 暴露在南中國海水流中的海灣，它的西面連接著吐露港東面的出水口。從2003年7月 至2005年7月之間，我們每個月在六個採樣站裹分別收集一次浮游動物的樣品。綜合 所有的樣品，一共發現了 20種毛顎類，它們包括了六種的屬，四種 Zonosagitta ’ 三種 的屬禾口一種分另IJ來自 Serratosagitta ’ Decipisagitta， Flaccisagitta，Krohnitta，Mesosagitta，P/ero^sagZ/r^jt 和 的屬。其中三種最豐富的 品種包括了 Flaccisagitta enflata，Aidanosagitta neglecta 禾口 Aidanosagitta delicata�這三 種毛顎類分別佔據了所有毛顎類樣品中的39.7 % ’ 28.2 %和22.0 %。毛顎類在吐露港 的密度是高於周邊的水域，但其品種在吐露港是相對少於周邊的水域。這說明了在香 港的沿岸水域，有一部分毛顎類的品種是由南海水流所帶進來的，毛顎類在水流不通 暢和高度營養化的吐露港形成了一個高密度的群體。 我們對Flacc—tta enflata的晝夜垂直遷移在吐露港(2005年7月8日至9曰和 2005年12月15日至16曰）和大鵬灣(2005年9月8日至9日和2006年1月12日至13 日）各自進行了兩次硏究。成熟的F. 有明顯的晝夜垂直遷移，相反，幼年F. III 的晝夜垂直遷移並不明顯。無論是食物的充足度，由溫差和鹽度差別所形成的 密度躍層或者是水中的缺氧，都無法証明對F. �〃的晝夜垂直遷移有任何影響。在 夜間，成熟和幼年厂的進食量有明顯的增加。 這個硏究同時比較了 Flaccisagitta enflata在吐露港及附近水域之間對中型浮游生 物捕食的影響。雖然橈足類在的食物中佔了最大的比重，但厂更加喜 好水蛋類和被囊類作爲食物。F. 的捕食對橈足類(0-1，14 %)在亞熱帶沿岸水域 所造成的影響十分微小，相反，其捕食對水蛋類(0-7.71 %)和被囊類(0~6.19%)所造成 的影響比較顯著。 IV Acknowledgements I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor, Prof. C. K. Wong, for his advice, encouragement and guidance during the past two years. I also would like to express my gratitude to Prof. K. H. Chu and Prof. Put. O. Jr. Ang, for their valuable suggestions. My gratitude is also extended to the external examiner Prof. S. G. Cheung of the City University of Hong Kong for reading and improving my thesis. I am deeply grateful to Prof. Q. C. Chen of the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology for helping with the identification of chaetognaths. I am indebted to the staff of the Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory for their help and support during the entire course of this study. Particular thanks to Mr. K. C. Cheung for providing technical assistance and Mr. Y. H. Yung for helping with the collection of samples. I would like to thank Ms. Eva Y. W. Yau, Ms. Alice S. Y. Hui, Ms. Alice A. Y. Lie, Ms. Vivian C. Y. Li, and Mr. Y. K. Kwok for their help in sample collection, sample analysis and carrying out experiments. Last but not least, I need to specially thank my family members for their love and support. V Table of contents Page Abstract (in English) I Abstract (in Chinese) III Acknowledgements V Table of contents VI List of tables XII List of figures XVI VI Chapter 1. General introduction 1 1.1. Chaetognatha 1 1.2. Morphology and anatomy 1 1.3. Food and feeding behaviour 3 1.4. Locomotion 3 1.5. Study location 3 1.6. Significance of study 4 1.61. Species composition and seasonal abundance 4 1.62. Diel vertical migration and diel feeding activity 5 1.63. Predation impact 5 1.7. Objectives 6 Chapter 2. Species composition and seasonal abundance of 7 Chaetognatha 2.1. Introduction 7 2.11. Species composition 7 2.12. Study sites 9 2.13. Objective 9 2.2. Materials and methods 11 2.21. Field sampling 11 2.22. Laboratory analysis 11 2.23. Data analysis 12 VII 2.3. Results 12 2.31. Temperature and salinity 12 2.32. Species composition 14 2.33. Dominant species 18 2.34. Species richness and species diversity 20 2.4. Discussion 23 2.41. Species composition 23 2.42. Flaccisagitta enflata 24 2.43. Aidanosagitta neglecta 25 2.44. Aidanosagitta delicata 26 2.45. Species richness and species diversity 26 2.46. Prey abundance 27 2.47. Spatial influences 27 2.5. Conclusion 28 Chapter 3. Diel vertical migration and feeding activity of Flaccisagitta 29 enflata 3.1. Introduction 29 3.11. Abundance 29 3.12. Diel vertical migration 29 3.12. Diel feeding activity 30 3.13. Study sites 30 3.2. Objectives 31 VIII 3.3. Materials and methods 31 3.31. Sample collection 31 3.32. Laboratory analysis 32 3.33. Data analysis 32 3.4. Results 33 3.41. Hydrography 33 3.42. Flaccisagitta enflata abundance 33 3.43. Diel vertical migration 38 3.44. Dietary composition 42 3.45. Prey abundance 47 3.46. Food containing ratio 51 3.5. Discussion 51 3.51. Flaccisagitta enflata abundance 51 3.52. Diel vertical migration 55 3.53. Diel feeding activity 57 3.6. Conclusion 58 Chapter 4. Predation impact of Flaccisagitta enflata on mesozooplankton 59 4.1. Introduction 59 4.11. Flaccisagitta enflata 59 4.12. Prey 59 4.13. Predation impact 60 4.14. Feeding rate and digestion time 60 IX 4.2. Objective 61 4.3. Materials and methods 61 4.31. Sample collection 61 4.32. Sample analysis 61 4.33. Measurement of digestion time 62 4.34. Data analysis 62 4.4. Results 64 4.41. Water temperature 64 4.42. Flaccisagitta enflata distribution 64 4.43. Prey distribution 66 4.44. Food containing ratio 66 4.45. Gut content 66 4.46. Prey selectivity 72 4.47. Predation impact 72 4.5. Discussion 77 4.51. Flaccisagitta enflata distribution 77 4.52. Food containing ratio 79 4.53. Gut content 80 4.54. Cannibalism 81 4.55. Prey selectivity 82 4.56. Digestion time 82 4.57. Predation impact 83 4.6. Conclusion 84 X Chapter 5. Conclusion 85 References 86 ‘ XI List of tables Tables Page Table 1. Occurrence (+) of chaetognath species in China seas. ++ 8 represents dominant chaetognath species. The results in this table based on Du et al (2003), Chen (1982) and the present study. Table 2. Average density and relative abundance of chaetognath species 15 at sampling stations inside (SI, S2 and S3) and outside (S4, S5 and S6) Tolo Harbour. The value at each sampling station represents the average over the entire study period from July 2003 to July 2005. Table 3. Correlation (rs) between density of dominant chaetognath 21 species and physical parameters (Spearman Rank Order Correlation), n is the number of samples collected from the entire study period from July 2003 to July 2005. Table 4. Species richness ⑶，species diversity (Shannon's diversity 22 index，H) and species evenness (Shannon's equitability, E) of Chaetognatha at sampling stations inside (SI, S2 and S3) and outside (S4, S5 and S6) Tolo Harbour over the entire study period from July 2003 to July 2005. Table 5. Density (mean 土 SD) of juvenile and adult Flaccisagitta enflata 37 in Tolo Harbour (S2) and Mirs Bay (S4).
Recommended publications
  • Seasonal Variation of the Sound-Scattering Zooplankton Vertical Distribution in the Oxygen-Deficient Waters of the NE Black

    Seasonal Variation of the Sound-Scattering Zooplankton Vertical Distribution in the Oxygen-Deficient Waters of the NE Black

    Ocean Sci., 17, 953–974, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-953-2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Seasonal variation of the sound-scattering zooplankton vertical distribution in the oxygen-deficient waters of the NE Black Sea Alexander G. Ostrovskii, Elena G. Arashkevich, Vladimir A. Solovyev, and Dmitry A. Shvoev Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36, Nakhimovsky prospekt, Moscow, 117997, Russia Correspondence: Alexander G. Ostrovskii ([email protected]) Received: 10 November 2020 – Discussion started: 8 December 2020 Revised: 22 June 2021 – Accepted: 23 June 2021 – Published: 23 July 2021 Abstract. At the northeastern Black Sea research site, obser- layers is important for understanding biogeochemical pro- vations from 2010–2020 allowed us to study the dynamics cesses in oxygen-deficient waters. and evolution of the vertical distribution of mesozooplank- ton in oxygen-deficient conditions via analysis of sound- scattering layers associated with dominant zooplankton ag- gregations. The data were obtained with profiler mooring and 1 Introduction zooplankton net sampling. The profiler was equipped with an acoustic Doppler current meter, a conductivity–temperature– The main distinguishing feature of the Black Sea environ- depth probe, and fast sensors for the concentration of dis- ment is its oxygen stratification with an oxygenated upper solved oxygen [O2]. The acoustic instrument conducted ul- layer 80–200 m thick and the underlying waters contain- trasound (2 MHz) backscatter measurements at three angles ing hydrogen sulfide (Andrusov, 1890; see also review by while being carried by the profiler through the oxic zone. For Oguz et al., 2006).
  • The Larval Stages of Trilobites

    The Larval Stages of Trilobites

    THE LARVAL STAGES OF TRILOBITES. CHARLES E. BEECHER, New Haven, Conn. [From The American Geologist, Vol. XVI, September, 1895.] 166 The American Geologist. September, 1895 THE LARVAL STAGES OF TRILOBITES. By CHARLES E. BEECHEE, New Haven, Conn. (Plates VIII-X.) CONTENTS. PAGE I. Introduction 166 II. The protaspis 167 III. Review of larval stages of trilobites 170 IV. Analysis of variations in trilobite larvae 177 V. Antiquity of the trilobites 181 "VI. Restoration of the protaspis 182 "VII. The crustacean nauplius 186 VIII. Summary 190 IX. References 191 X Explanation of plates 193 I. INTRODUCTION. It is now generally known that the youngest stages of trilobites found as fossils are minute ovate or discoid bodies, not more than one millimetre in length, in which the head por­ tion greatly predominates. Altogether they present very little likeness to the adult form, to which, however, they are trace­ able through a longer or shorter series of modifications. Since Barrande2 first demonstrated the metamorphoses of trilobites, in 1849, similar observations have been made upon a number of different genera by Ford,22 Walcott,34':*>':t6 Mat­ thew,28- 27' 28 Salter,32 Callaway,11' and the writer.4.5-7 The general facts in the ontogeny have thus become well estab­ lished and the main features of the larval form are fairly well understood. Before the recognition of the progressive transformation undergone by trilobites in their development, it was the cus­ tom to apply a name to each variation in the number of tho­ racic segments and in other features of the test.
  • Photoreception in the Planktonic Larvae of Two Species of Pullosquilla, a Lysiosquilloid Stomatopod Crustacean

    Photoreception in the Planktonic Larvae of Two Species of Pullosquilla, a Lysiosquilloid Stomatopod Crustacean

    The Journal of Experimental Biology 201, 2481–2487 (1998) 2481 Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1998 JEB1576 PHOTORECEPTION IN THE PLANKTONIC LARVAE OF TWO SPECIES OF PULLOSQUILLA, A LYSIOSQUILLOID STOMATOPOD CRUSTACEAN PAMELA A. JUTTE1,*, THOMAS W. CRONIN2,† AND ROY L. CALDWELL1 1Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA *Present address: Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, PO Box 12559, Charleston, SC 29422-2559, USA †Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 5 June; published on WWW 11 August 1998 Summary Optical microscopy, electron microscopy and which is arrayed in a regular pattern at the distal margin microspectrophotometry were used to characterize of the larval retina. The absorption spectrum of this pigments in the eyes of planktonic larvae of two species of pigment is well matched to the larval rhodopsin, suggesting the lysiosquilloid stomatopod Pullosquilla, P. litoralis and that it acts to screen the rhabdoms from stray light. By P. thomassini, which live sympatrically in French replacing opaque, black screening pigment, the Polynesia. In contrast to the adult retina, which contains a transparent yellow pigment may act together with a blue diverse assortment of visual pigments in the main iridescent layer in the larval retina to reduce the visual rhabdoms, the principal photoreceptors throughout the contrast of the larval eye against downwelling and larval eyes of both species were found to contain a single sidewelling light, while simultaneously acting as a retinal rhodopsin with an absorption maximum (λmax) close to screen.
  • Long-Term Shifts of the Zooplankton Community in the Western Black Sea (Cape Galata Transect, Bulgarian Coast)

    Long-Term Shifts of the Zooplankton Community in the Western Black Sea (Cape Galata Transect, Bulgarian Coast)

    Quest Journals Journal of Research in Environmental and Earth Science Volume 2~ Issue 6(2015) pp: 01-10 ISSN(Online) : 2348-2532 www.questjournals.org Research Paper Long-Term Shifts of the Zooplankton Community in The Western Black Sea (Cape Galata Transect, Bulgarian Coast) * Kremena Stefanova Institute of Oceanology – BAS, PO Box 152, Varna 9000, Bulgaria Received 29 July, 2015; Accepted 10 August, 2015 © The author(s) 2015. Published with open access at www.questjournals.org ABSTRACT:- The aim of the current study was to assess the state and long-term trends since 1967 till 2005 of zooplankton communities of the Western Black Sea (c. Galata transect - Bulgarian region) as a response to anthropogenic and environmental shifts. Zooplankton revealed important year to year fluctuations in density and it daecreased as a function of distance from the coast to open sea. Higher abundance variations at the coastal stations in comparison with the offshore once, suggested that zooplankton community and assemblages could be more influenced and disturbed by the anthropogenic and climatic effects. The standard CUSUM procedure and anomalies were used to detect changes with time. Two main periods of zooplankton community development, before and after 1973 were distinguished as indication of anomalies in certain periods and coincided with phases of the Black Sea ecosystem development. The temporal distribution pattern is similar for all stations and shows decreasing trend for the whole study period. Variability of mesozooplankton community attributes (abundance, taxonomic structure, annual dynamics) appeared vulnerable to external forcing, resulting in unsteady standing stock especially for the coastal waters where the influence of local drivers is significant.
  • Download My Tropic Isle

    Download My Tropic Isle

    My Tropic Isle by E J Banfield My Tropic Isle by E J Banfield This eBook was produced by Col Choat Notes: Italics in the book have been capitalised in the eBook. Illustrations in the book have not been included in the eBook. This eBook uses 8-bit text. MY TROPIC ISLE BY E. J. BANFIELD AUTHOR OF "THE CONFESSIONS OF A BEACHCOMBER" T. FISHER UNWIN page 1 / 293 LONDON: ADELPHI TERRACE LEIPSIC: INSELSTRASSE 20 1911 TO MY WIFE "What dost thou in this World? The Wilderness For thee is fittest place." MILTON. "Taught to live The easiest way, nor with perplexing thoughts To interrupt sweet life." MILTON. PREFACE Much of the contents of this book was published in the NORTH QUEENSLAND page 2 / 293 REGISTER, under the title of "Rural Homilies." Grateful acknowledgments are due to the Editor for his frank goodwill in the abandonment of his rights. Also am I indebted to the Curator and Officers of the Australian Museum, Sydney, and specially to Mr. Charles Hedley, F.L.S., for assistance in the identification of specimens. Similarly I am thankful to Mr. J. Douglas Ogilby, of Brisbane, and to Mr. A. J. Jukes-Browne, F.R.S., F.G.S., of Torquay (England). THE AUTHOR. CONTENTS CHAPTER. I. IN THE BEGINNING II. A PLAIN MAN'S PHILOSOPHY III. MUCH RICHES IN A LITTLE ROOM IV. SILENCES V. FRUITS AND SCENTS VI. HIS MAJESTY THE SUN VII. A TROPIC NIGHT VIII. READING TO MUSIC IX. BIRTH AND BREAKING OF CHRISTMAS page 3 / 293 X. THE SPORT OF FATE XI.
  • Table of Contents

    Table of Contents

    SPECIAL ISSUE VOLUME 12 NUMBER- 4 AUGUST 2019 Print ISSN: 0974-6455 Online ISSN: 2321-4007 BBRC CODEN BBRCBA www.bbrc.in Bioscience Biotechnology University Grants Commission (UGC) Research Communications New Delhi, India Approved Journal National Conference Special Issue Recent Trends in Life Sciences for Sustainable Development-RTLSSD-2019’ An International Peer Reviewed Open Access Journal for Rapid Publication Published By: Society For Science and Nature Bhopal, Post Box 78, GPO, 462001 India Indexed by Thomson Reuters, Now Clarivate Analytics USA ISI ESCI SJIF 2018=4.186 Online Content Available: Every 3 Months at www.bbrc.in Registered with the Registrar of Newspapers for India under Reg. No. 498/2007 Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications SPECIAL ISSUE VOL 12 NO (4) AUG 2019 Editors Communication I Insect Pest Control with the Help of Spiders in the Agricultural Fields of Akot Tahsil, 01-02 District Akola, Maharashtra State, India Amit B. Vairale A Statistical Approach to Find Correlation Among Various Morphological 03-11 Descriptors in Bamboo Species Ashiq Hussain Khanday and Prashant Ashokrao Gawande Studies on Impact of Physico Chemical Factors on the Seasonal Distribution of 12-15 Zooplankton in Kapileshwar Dam, Ashti, Dist. Wardha Awate P.J Seasonal Variation in Body Moisture Content of Wallago Attu 16-20 (Siluridae: Siluriformes) Babare Rupali Phytoplanktons of Washim Region (M.S.) India 21-24 Bargi L.A., Golande P.K. and S.D. Rathod Study of Human and Leopard Conflict a Survey in Human Dominated 25-29 Areas of Western Maharashtra Gantaloo Uma Sukaiya Exposure of Chlorpyrifos on Some Biochemical Constituents in Liver and Kidney of Fresh 30-32 Water Fish, Channa punctatus Feroz Ahmad Dar and Pratibha H.
  • B. Sc. ZOOLOGY SEMESTER

    B. Sc. ZOOLOGY SEMESTER

    I - B. Sc. ZOOLOGY SEMESTER - I CORE PAPER - I: NON CHORDATA OBJECTIVES To appreciate the diversity of life on earth with respect to Non-Chordates. To understand the general characteristics of the different Phyla as exemplified in representative type studies. To study certain morphological attributes and physiological processes that are distinct and significant to each Phyla. UNIT – I PHYLUM: PROTOZOA Class: Sporozoa – Plasmodium. Locomotion in Protozoa. Reproduction in Protozoa. Economic importance of Protozoa with reference to parasitic Protozoans. PHYLUM: PORIFERA Class: Calcarea – Leucosolenia. Canal system in sponges. Spicules in sponges. Economic importance of sponges. UNIT – II PHYLUM: COELENTERATA Class: Hydrozoa – Obelia. Polymorphism in Coelenterates. Coral reefs in Coelenterates. Economic importance of Coelenterates. PHYLUM: PLATYHELMINTHES Class: Trematoda – Fasciola hepatica. Parasitic adaptation in Platyhelminthes. UNIT - III PHYLUM: ASCHELMINTHES Class: Nematoda – Ascaris lumbricoides. Nematode parasites of man and domestic animals- occurrence and mode of transmission in (excluding life history) Ascaris, Ancylostoma, Enterobius, Wuchereria, Dracunculus. PHYLUM: ANNELIDA Class: Hirudinea – Leech. Excretion in Annelida. Adaptive radiation in Polychaetes. UNIT - IV PHYLUM: ARTHROPODA Class: Insecta – Cockroach. Crustacean larva. Mouthparts in insects. Economic importance of Arthropods. UNIT - V PHYLUM: MOLLUSCA Class: Gastropoda – Pila. Foot in Mollusca. Economic importance of Mollusca. PHYLUM: ECHINODERMATA Class: Asteroidea – Starfish. Water vascular system in Echinodermata. Echinoderm larvae. TEXT BOOK Ayyar, M. Ekambaranatha. 1973. A Manual of Zoology, Part I. Invertebrata. S. Viswanathan Pvt. Ltd. 842 pages. REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Jordan, E.L. and Verma, P.S. 2000. Invertebrate Zoology. S. Chand & Co. 857 pages. 2. Kotpal, R.L. 2000. Modern Textbook of Zoology – Invertebrates. Rastogi Publ. 807 pages. 3. Barnes, Robert D.
  • Instituto Politecnico Nacional Centro Interdisciplinario De Ciencias Marinas

    Instituto Politecnico Nacional Centro Interdisciplinario De Ciencias Marinas

    INSTITUTO POLITECNICO NACIONAL CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINARIO DE CIENCIAS MARINAS DIVERSIDAD DE PARÁSITOS Y SUS IMPLICACIONES EN LA ECOLOGÍA DE LOS QUETOGNATOS EN EL GOLFO DE CALIFORNIA Y PACÍFICO ORIENTAL TROPICAL MEXICANO TESIS QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE DOCTORADO EN CIENCIAS MARINAS PRESENTA HORACIO LOZANO COBO LA PAZ, B.C.S., DICIEMBRE DE 2017 DEDICATORIA Dicen que la familia es primero y en ocasiones cuando uno realiza este tipo de estudios con quién menos pasa tiempo es con la familia. Es el primer lazo que sacrificamos con tal de conseguir nuestros ideales. Por eso: Este trabajo se lo dedico a todos y cada uno de los integrantes de mi familia, ojalá nunca me pierdan en la inmensidad de sus pensamientos como ustedes nunca se han perdido en los míos. En especial: A mi esposa por el hijo espectacular que me ha dado y por su apoyo incondicional en las buenas y en las malas durante este tiempo. A mis padres Martha y Rubén porque fueron los primeros que confiaron en mí y no me cortaron las alas cuando decidí salir de casa con muchas maletas pero nada comparado con los sueños e ilusiones que venía cargando. A mis hermanos por ser mis compañeros de vida, llenando de gratos momentos nuestros encuentros. A mis primos (as) y tías (os) por aguantar mis pláticas de parásitos durante nuestras reuniones. A mi hijo Sergio Elías, ojalá algún día le pueda transmitir mi pasión por lo que me gusta hacer, y que él desarrolle su vocación con mucha pasión. Dedico también este trabajo a todas aquellas personas que son al igual que yo, adictos a la Ciencia y que visualizamos un mundo funcionalmente mejor con más ciencia.
  • THE STATE of ZOOPLANKTON (T. Shiganova Et Al.)

    THE STATE of ZOOPLANKTON (T. Shiganova Et Al.)

    State of Environment Report 2001 - 2006/7 CHAPTER 6 THE STATE OF ZOOPLANKTON (T. Shiganova et al.) T. Shiganova, E. Musaeva, E. Arashkevich P.P.Shirshov Institute of oceanology Russian Academy of Sciences L. Kamburska(l), K. StefanovaW, V. Mihneva<2) 0 institute of Oceanology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Vania, Bulgaria (^Institute of Fishing Resources, Vania, Bulgaria L. Polishchuk Odessa Branch, Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, NASU, Odessa, Ukraine F. Timofte National Institute for Marine Research and Development "Grigore Antipa" (NIMRD), Constanta, Romania F. UstunW, T. Oguz<2> (!) Sinop University, Fisheries Faculty, Sinop, Turkey (2) Middle East Technical University, Institute of Marine Sciences, Erdemli, Turkey M. Khalvashi Georgian Marine Ecology and Fisheries Research Institute, Batumi, Georgia Ahmet Nuri Tarkan Mugla University, Faculty of Fisheries Mugla, Turkey 6.1. Introduction Zooplankton community structure serves as a critical trophic link between the autotrophic and higher trophic levels. On the one hand, Zooplankton as consumer of phytoplankton and microzooplankton controls their abundance; on the other hand, it serves as food resource to small pelagic fishes and all pelagic fish larvae and thus controls fish stocks. The Black Sea Zooplankton community structure is more productive but has lower species diversity as compared to the adjacent Mediterranean Sea. Many taxonomic groups that are wide-spread in the Mediterranean Sea are absent or rarely present in the Black Sea such as Doliolids, Salps, Pteropods, Siphonophors, and Euphausiids (Mordukhai-Boltovskoi, 1969). It consists of about 150 Zooplankton species, of which 70 are mainly Ponto-Caspian brackish-water types and about 50 constitute meroplankton (Koval, 1984).
  • C:\Documents and Settings\Marcy\My Documents\Balaban\IRD

    C:\Documents and Settings\Marcy\My Documents\Balaban\IRD

    Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 49:3 (2006) 175–205 175 Balaban, Philadelphia/Rehovot 0168-8170/06/$05.00 © 2006 Balaban Contributions of larval biology to crustacean research: a review KLAUS ANGER Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Stiftung Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27498 Helgoland, Germany Tel. +49 (4725) 819348; Fax +49 (4725) 819369; e-mail: [email protected] Received 7 March 2006; Accepted 21 April 2006 Summary Many aquatic crustaceans pass through a complex life cycle comprising a benthic juvenile-adult and a pelagic larval phase. In the study of aquatic ecology, meroplanktonic larvae are therefore considered as principal components of benthic-pelagic coupling processes. As a consequence of radical transitions of life style, larvae differ from conspecific adults in their ecology, behaviour, nutrition, morphology, and physiology. Ontogenetic changes of these traits, as well as carry-over effects of larval condition on postmetamorphic fitness of benthic juveniles, are subjects of the interdisciplinary field of larval biology. Larval biology is thus not only an intrinsic part of life- history studies, but contributes essential information also to various other biological disciplines, including the broad area of crustacean research. For economically important species, it provides critical information for the development of aquaculture techniques or for the management of sustainable fisheries. Inferring from heritable ontogenetic patterns, comparative studies of larval morphology also aid the identification of phylogenetic relationships within and among higher taxa (“Evo-Devo” perspective). On the other hand, larval traits may be modified by environmental factors, which link larval ecology to developmental biology (“Eco-Devo” approach). Patterns of larval dispersal, mortality, and recruitment are crucial for the stability of benthic populations and communities.
  • Zooplankton Seasonality Across a Latitudinal Gradient in the Northeast

    Zooplankton Seasonality Across a Latitudinal Gradient in the Northeast

    Continental Shelf Research 160 (2018) 49–62 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Continental Shelf Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/csr Zooplankton seasonality across a latitudinal gradient in the Northeast T Atlantic Shelves Province ⁎ Alvaro Fanjula, , Arantza Iriarteb, Fernando Villatea, Ibon Uriarteb, Angus Atkinsonc, Kathryn Cookd,1 a Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain b Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Gasteiz, Spain c Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL13DH, United Kingdom d Marine Laboratory, Marine Scotland Science, Scottish Government, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, United Kingdom ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Zooplankton seasonality and its environmental drivers were studied at four coastal sites within the Northeast Zooplankton Atlantic Shelves Province (Bilbao35 (B35) and Urdaibai35 (U35) in the Bay of Biscay, Plymouth L4 (L4) in the Phenology English Channel and Stonehaven (SH) in the North Sea) using time series spanning 1999–2013. Seasonal Multivariate ordination community patterns were extracted at the level of broad zooplankton groups and copepod and cladoceran genera Seasonal changes using redundancy analysis. Temperature was generally the environmental factor that explained most of the taxa Trophic status seasonal variations at the four sites. However, between-site differences related to latitude and trophic status (i.e. Latitudinal variation North Atlantic from oligotrophic to mesotrophic) were observed in the seasonality of zooplankton community, mainly in the pattern of taxa that peaked in spring-summer as opposed to late autumn-winter zooplankton, which were linked primarily to differences in the seasonal pattern of phytoplankton.
  • Small Jellyfish As a Supplementary Autumnal Food Source for Juvenile

    Small Jellyfish As a Supplementary Autumnal Food Source for Juvenile

    Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Article Small Jellyfish as a Supplementary Autumnal Food Source for Juvenile Chaetognaths in Sanya Bay, China Lingli Wang 1,2,3, Minglan Guo 1,3, Tao Li 1,3,4, Hui Huang 1,3,4,5, Sheng Liu 1,3,* and Simin Hu 1,3,* 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; [email protected] (L.W.); [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (T.L.); [email protected] (H.H.) 2 College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China 4 Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China 5 Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya 572000, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (S.H.) Received: 10 October 2020; Accepted: 19 November 2020; Published: 24 November 2020 Abstract: Information on the in situ diet of juvenile chaetognaths is critical for understanding the population recruitment of chaetognaths and their functional roles in marine food web. In this study, a molecular method based on PCR amplification targeted on 18S rDNA was applied to investigate the diet composition of juvenile Flaccisagitta enflata collected in summer and autumn in Sanya Bay, China. Diverse diet species were detected in the gut contents of juvenile F.