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Classical Biological Control of Arthropods in Australia
Classical Biological Contents Control of Arthropods Arthropod index in Australia General index List of targets D.F. Waterhouse D.P.A. Sands CSIRo Entomology Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Canberra 2001 Back Forward Contents Arthropod index General index List of targets The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its primary mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has special competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR MONOGRAPH SERIES This peer-reviewed series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or material deemed relevant to ACIAR’s research objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on the Third World. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia Waterhouse, D.F. and Sands, D.P.A. 2001. Classical biological control of arthropods in Australia. ACIAR Monograph No. 77, 560 pages. ISBN 0 642 45709 3 (print) ISBN 0 642 45710 7 (electronic) Published in association with CSIRO Entomology (Canberra) and CSIRO Publishing (Melbourne) Scientific editing by Dr Mary Webb, Arawang Editorial, Canberra Design and typesetting by ClarusDesign, Canberra Printed by Brown Prior Anderson, Melbourne Cover: An ichneumonid parasitoid Megarhyssa nortoni ovipositing on a larva of sirex wood wasp, Sirex noctilio. Back Forward Contents Arthropod index General index Foreword List of targets WHEN THE CSIR Division of Economic Entomology, now Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Entomology, was established in 1928, classical biological control was given as one of its core activities. -
Macadamia Plant Protection Guide 2019-20
Macadamia protection guide 2019 plant Macadamia plant protection guide 2019–20 – 20 NSW DPI MANAGEMENT GUIDE Jeremy Bright www.dpi.nsw.gov.au PROTECT YOUR NUTS BORDEAUX WG HYDROCOP WG Protectant Fungicide/Bactericide Protectant Fungicide/Bactericide BORDEAUX WG 200g/kg COPPER (Cu) present as HYDROCOP WG 500g/kg COPPER (Cu) present as Tri-basic copper sulphate CUPRIC HYDROXIDE • Control of Husk Spot, Anthracnose, Pink limb blight • Control of Husk Spot, Anthracnose, Pink limb blight and Phytophthora stem canker and Phytophthora stem canker (Qld only) • Dry-Flowable granule for ease of mixing and • High loaded copper hydroxide formulation for lower minimal dust application rates • Superior weathering and • Dry-Flowable granule for ease sticking properties of mixing and minimal dust • Superior coverage and adhesion • Available in 15kg bags Cert. No Cert. No A6358M. due to small particle size A6358M. • Available in 10kg bags Cert. No Cert. No TRIBASICA6358M. LIQUID CROP DOCA6358M. 600 Protectant Fungicide/Bactericide Systemic Fungicide TRIBASIC LIQUID 190g/L COPPER (Cu) present as CROP DOC 600 600g/L of Phosphorous (Phosphonic) Tri-basic copper sulphate Acid present as Mono and Di Potassium Phosphite • Control of Husk spot, Anthracnose, Pink limb blight and • Control of Phytophthora root rot and Trunk (stem) Phytophthora stem canker canker (Permit PER84766) • An SC (Suspension concentrate) liquid formulation of • Formulated to be near pH neutral for increased Tribasic Copper Sulphate compatibility • Superior mixing. • Available in 20L, 200L and 1000L packs • Available in 20L, 200L and 800L packs KINGFISHER PEREGRINE Systemic Fungicide Contact and residual Insecticide 250g/L Difenoconazole 240g/L Methoxyfenozide • Control of Husk spot • Control of Macadamia flower caterpillar and • Available in 5L packs Macadamia nutborer • Suspension Concentrate • IPM compatible • Controls both eggs and early instar larvae. -
Biology of Coconut Moth, Batrachedra Arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera : Batrachedridae) on Immature Nuts of Coconut in India
J. Exp. Zool. India Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 353-356, 2018 www.connectjournals.com/jez ISSN 0972-0030 BIOLOGY OF COCONUT MOTH, BATRACHEDRA ARENOSELLA WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA : BATRACHEDRIDAE) ON IMMATURE NUTS OF COCONUT IN INDIA C. Prashantha1#*, T. Shivashakar2 and A. K. Chakravarthy3 1Department of Agricultural Entomology, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru - 560 065, India. 2College of Agriculture, Mandya, India. 3Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru - 560 089, India. *e-mail: [email protected] (Accepted 19 October 2017) ABSTRACT : Larvae of coconut moth, Batrachedra arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera : Batrachedridae) were found damaging premature nuts of coconut for the first time in India. The feeding resulted on an average of 20% loss of nuts in Mysore and Mandya districts of Karnataka, South India. The mean egg incubation period was 2.95 ± 0.55 days. Larval stage comprised four instars and the mean duration of first, second, third and fourth instar larvae were 2.55 ±2.50, 2.75 ± 0.35, 3.40 ± 0.57 and 4.10 ± 0.61 days, respectively. Total larval period varied from 11 to 14 days, with an average of 12.80 ± 1.01 days. Mean pupal period was 7.20 ± 0.86 days. The total developmental period occupied 22.95 ±1.17 days. Adult females lived longer (6.50 ± 1.20 days) than males (5.50 ± 0.78 days). The study indicated that B. arenosella has more than one generation a year. Short life cycle, presence of adults and larvae throughout the year in an overlapping manner and a perennial host characterizes B. arenosella to be an economically important pest. -
Biological Control of the Coconut Moth, Batrachedra Arenosella by Chelonus Parasites in Indonesia1
Vol. 27, December 15,1986 41 Biological Control of the Coconut Moth, Batrachedra arenosella by Chelonus Parasites in Indonesia1 WILY ARDERT BARINGBING2 ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted on the island of Flora, Indonesia, to test for biological control of the coconut moth, Batrachedra arenosella Walker, by introducing the braconid parasite Chelonus sp. Six and twelve months after releasing S gravid females of Chelonus per 4 ha of moth-infested coconuts, the per centage infection of the host pupae, the distribution capacity and the population density of the parasites were determined at 0,50 and 100 m from the point of release. The results of the experiment show that the percentage of parasitized host pupae and population density of the parasite 0 and SO m from the point of release were approximately twice that found at 100 m. This suggests a slow outward spread of the para site from its point of introduction. There were only slight increases after 12 months in these parameters and in the percentage of spathes where Chelonus was found when compared with results after 6 months. These results suggest that the parasite has become established but spreads out slowly from its point of introduction. There was only a slight reduction in pest population following release of the parasite during the 12-month period. The coconut moth, Batrachedra arenosella Walker, (Lepidoptera; Cosmoptery- gidae) is a serious pest of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) in Indonesia (Tjoa, 1953; Kalshoven, 1981). Larvae of the moth cause extensive damage to coconuts, feeding on the male and female flowers in unopened spathes. -
Download Articles
QL 541 .1866 ENT The Journal of Research Lepidoptera Volume 46 2013 ISSN 0022 4324 (PRINT) 2156 5457 (ONLINE) THE LEPIDOPTERA RESEARCH FOUNDATION The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera www.lepidopteraresearchfoundation.org ISSN 0022 4324 (print) 2156 5457 (online) Published by: The Lepidoptera Research Foundation, Inc. 9620 Heather Road Beverly Hills, California 90210-1757 TEL (310) 274 1052 E-mail: Editorial: [email protected] Technical: [email protected] Founder: William Hovanitz (1915-1977) Editorial Staff: Konrad Fiedler, University of Vienna, Editor [email protected] Nancy R. Vannucci, info manager [email protected] Associate Editors: Annette Aiello, Smithsonian Institution [email protected] Joaquin Baixeras, Universitat de Valencia [email protected] Marcelo Duarte, Universidade de Sao Paulo [email protected] Klaus Fischer, University of Greifswald [email protected] Krushnamegh Kunte, Natl. Center for Biol. Sci, India [email protected] Gerardo Lamas, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos [email protected]. pe Rudi Mattoni [email protected] Soren Nylin, Stockholm University [email protected] Naomi Pierce, Harvard University [email protected] Robert Robbins, Smithsonian Institution [email protected] Daniel Rubinoff, University of Hawaii [email protected] Josef Settele, Helmholtz Cntr. for Environ. Research-UFZ [email protected] Arthur M. Shapiro, University of California - Davis [email protected] Felix Sperling, University of Alberta [email protected] Niklas Wahlberg, University of Turku [email protected] Shen Horn Yen, National Sun Yat-Sen University [email protected] Manuscripts and notices material must be sent to the editor, Konrad Fiedler [email protected]. -
Insect Pests and Insect-Vectored Diseases of Palmsaen 724 328..342
Australian Journal of Entomology (2009) 48, 328–342 Insect pests and insect-vectored diseases of palmsaen_724 328..342 Catherine W Gitau,1* Geoff M Gurr,1 Charles F Dewhurst,2 Murray J Fletcher3 and Andrew Mitchell4 1EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 883 Orange, NSW 2800, Australia. 2PNG Oil Palm Research Association, Kimbe, West New Britain, Papua New Guinea. 3NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia. 4NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia. Abstract Palm production faces serious challenges ranging from diseases to damage by insect pests, all of which may reduce productivity by as much as 30%. A number of disorders of unknown aetiology but associated with insects are now recognised. Management practices that ensure the sustainability of palm production systems require a sound understanding of the interactions between biological systems and palms. This paper discusses insect pests that attack palms, pathogens the insects vector as well as other disorders that are associated with these pests. We re-examine the disease aetiologies and procedures that have been used to understand causality. Pest management approaches such as cultural and biological control are discussed. Key words aetiology, Arecaceae, diagnosis, pathosystems, pest management. INTRODUCTION has transported them from their native habitats to new loca- tions. For example, the date palm is believed to have originated In many cultures, palms are a symbol of splendour, peace, in the Persian Gulf and North Africa but it is now grown victory and fertility. Palms constitute one of the best-known worldwide in semi-arid regions (Zaid 1999). -
Niue Pest Survey 2001
Niue Pest Survey 2001 Niue Pest Survey Short Term Consultancy - Final Report E.H.C. McKenzie Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland New Zealand W. Liebregts Eco-Consult Pacific PO Box 5406, Raiwaqa, Suva Fiji B. M. Tairea Ministry of Agriculture PO Box 96, Rarotonga Cook Islands Landcare Research Contract Report: LC PREPARED FOR: SPC Plant Protection Service, Private Mail Bag, Suva, Fiji DATE: July 2001 Niue Pest Survey 2001 © Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 2001 No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, information retrieval systems, or otherwise) without the written permission of the publisher or SPC Plant Protection Service. Disclaimer The findings in this report are specific to this project. Landcare Research accepts no responsibility where information in the report is used for any other purpose, and will not be liable for any loss or damage suffered as a result of such other use. Niue Pest Survey 2001 Contents 1. Terms of Reference 2. Introduction 3. Previous Pest Records 3.1 Arthropod Pests 3.2 Diseases 4. Present Survey 4.1 Crops Examined 4.2. New Pests and Diseases recorded 5. Most Serious Pests 5.1 Arthropods 5.2 Diseases 5.3 Weeds 6. Database of Pests 7. References 8. Acknowledgments 9. Itinerary Appendix 1: Arthropod specimens collected for identification. Niue Pest Survey 2001 1. Terms of Reference The duration of the consultancy is for 10 days. The first part of the consultancy is scheduled in Niue from 8 to 15 October 2000 and the remaining 3 days will be for reviewing databases, literature and report preparation. -
Unaspis Citri (Citrus Snow Scale)
18/10/2018 Unaspis citri (citrus snow scale) (/ISC/) Invasive Species Compendium Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide Filter by type Search Datasheet Additional resources (/ISC/datasheet/additionalresources/55685?scientificName=Unaspis%20citri) Unaspis citri (citrus snow scale) Toolbox Horizon Scanning Tool (https://www.cabi.org/HorizonScanningTool) Mobile Apps (https://play.google.com/store/apps/dev?id=8227528954463674373&hl=en_GB) Country Pest Alerts (https://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/PestAlertsSignUp.aspx) Datasheet Unaspis citri (citrus snow scale) Index Pictures Identity Taxonomic Tree Description Distribution Distribution Table Risk of Introduction https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/55685Hosts/Species Affected 1/17 18/10/2018 Host Plants and Other Plants Affected Unaspis citri (citrus snow scale) Growth Stages Symptoms List of Symptoms/Signs Biology and Ecology Natural enemies Notes on Natural Enemies Impact Detection and Inspection Similarities to Other Species/Conditions Prevention and Control References Distribution Maps Summary Last modified 29 March 2018 Datasheet Type(s) Invasive Species Pest Preferred Scientific Name Unaspis citri Preferred Common Name citrus snow scale More information Taxonomic Tree Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Metazoa Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Uniramia Class: Insecta More information Don't need the entire report? Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. Generate report (/ISC/datasheetreport/55685) Pictures Top of -
M. Sc. (Agri.) Theses Abstracts Produced in the Department of Agricultural Entomology
University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga M. Sc. (Agri.) theses abstracts produced in the Department of Agricultural Entomology 1. Bio-Ecology of Spiralling Whitefly Aleurodicus Dispersus (Russell) and its Management using Fungal Pathogens on Guava AISWARIYA. K.K. ABSTRACT Studies on the bio-ecology of Spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus (Russell) on guava carried out at Agricultural College, Shimoga during 2004-05 revealed that the egg period ranged from 5.54-10.02 days. The four nymphal instars took 4.74-6.5, 3.56-6.22, 6.02-8.96 and 7.52-10.1 days respectively during different seasons. During the survey, 99 host plants belonging to 38 families were recorded from Shimoga taluka, of which 19 were new records from Karnataka, 11 of which were new host records. A study on natural enemies, revealed seven natural enemies, which included six predators and a parasitoid. Studies on seasonal incidence indicated that the peak population of spiralling whitefly was associated with rise in temperature and the different stages of whitefly were considerably low during June and first fortnight of July. The total whitefly population showed positive correlation with maximum and minimum temperature, but a negative correlation with relative humidity, rainfall and wind velocity. Further, studies on efficacy of Fusarium semitectum Berk. and Ravenel and Verticillium lecanii (Zimm.) Viegas were carried out under laboratory conditions. Highest mortality was recorded at concentration of 4.2 x 109 spores/ml of F. semitectum and 3.6 x109 spores/ml of V. lecanii with per cent mortality of 75.21, 89.97 (nymphs) and 64.40, 79.90 (adults), respectively. -
Studies on Chelonus Sp. the Parasite of the Coconut Moth Batrachedra Arenosella Walker
STUDIES ON CHELONUS SP. THE PARASITE OF THE COCONUT MOTH BATRACHEDRA ARENOSELLA WALKER By Wily A. Baringbing and Bariyah Baringbing 1 ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted at a coconut pest laboratory at Nita, elevation 250 m, Sikka regency, Flores island, province of East Nusa Tenggara, to study mass production of Chelonus parasite by using Phthorimaea operculella Zeller as its host, in an effort to control the coconut moth, Batrachedra arenosella Walker, biologically. Results of the experiment showed that the parasite could be produced in laboratory by using P. operculella as the host and a 10% solution of honey as food for both parasite and the adult host. A female parasite gave an average of 14 offspning during their lives with a sex ratio of 2.27:1, between male and female. The sex ratio of the same parasite in the field with B. arenosella as its host was 1:1. The incubation period of the parasite in laboratory was 26 days for males and 27 days for females. The sex ratio of the moth in the field as 1: 1.26. INTRODUCTION The coconut moth, Batrachedra arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterygidae), is one of the serious pests of coconut palm, Cocos nucifera Linnaeus, in Indonesia (Tjoa, 1953; Kalshoven, 1981; Lever, 1969). Three promices, East Nusa Tenggara, West Nusa Tenggara and Central Sulawesi are the most infested areal more Lhan 25,000 ha. have long been heavily infested and the insect is regarded as the fifth serious pest of coconut in Indonesia (Samino, 1981). Many attempts have been made to reduce the population density of the pest such as by mechanical, biological and chemical methods of control (Kasumbogo, 1973; Baringbing and Bariyah, 1977). -
PH Agalertno42
Plant Protection Service Secretariat of the Pacific Community Pest Alert No 42 ISSN 1727-8473 October 2008 Incursion of the oriental scale insect Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Tabiteuea- South, Kiribati. The oriental scale insect was first noticed on pawpaw and coconuts in Tabiteuea-South in 2006. A survey was conducted and specimens collected from Tabiteuea-South were sent to the British Museum for identification and authentication. The results confirmed the specimens to be the oriental scale insect Aonidiella orientalis. Further surveys conducted in 2007 found that the scale had spread to both the northern and southern islands in Tabiteuea Atoll. Distribution The oriental scale insect (OSI) has not previously been recorded in Kiribati. It originates in Eastern Asia and is widespread throughout tropical and subtropical countries. In the Pacific region, it is recorded in Australia (tropical and subtropical regions), Nauru, Pawpaw infested with oriental scale insect Mariana Islands, Yap Island and Papua New Guinea. The spread of OSI has mostly occurred through people moving infested plants. Host range and economic importance OSI is highly polyphagous and is recorded as infesting plants from 36 genera and 25 families. The most common food crops infested by OSI include coconut, citrus, pawpaw, mango, avocado pear, banana, breadfruit, guava, cucurbits, eggplant and chilli. Other plants infested by the scale insect include frangipani, rose, hibiscus, oleander, neem, areca nut and many more. OSI is a sap sucker. Its feeding reduces plant vigour, which often leads to discolouration and distortion of leaves. Heavy infestations result in yellowing of foliage and defoliation, dieback of small twigs and premature fruit fall. -
3 Chapter 2 Literature Review There Is a Great Paucity of Information On
Chapter 2 Literature Review There is a great paucity of information on the biology and management of the coconut mite, and the information that exists is incomplete (Keifer et. al. 1982). The present review was written to organize the available literature on the coconut mite and the coconut industry. The coconut tree Cocos nucifera Beccari or coconut belongs to the palm family, Arecaceae (= Palmaceae) which consists of 200 genera and over 2,000 described species (Child 1974). According to Woodroof (1970) the term coconut is derived from the Spanish and Portuguese word, "coco", which means "monkey/grotesque face", but the plant is known in many countries by local names. For example, it has been known as "naryal" in India for millennia and as "nut of India" by Cosmos, the Egyptian traveler, in AD 545. The tree itself has been described as, "man's most useful tree", "king of the tropical forest", "tree of life", "tree of heaven" and lazyman's crop, inter alia. (Woodroof 1970). Coconut varieties fall under two broad groups, Tall or typica and Dwarf or nana. Tall and Dwarf coconut types may hybridize to produce intermediate forms (Woodroof 1970, Child 1974). The Tall variety has greater genetic variability as it is usually cross pollinated. The coconut plant is monoecious, producing both male and female flowers. The male flowers are located distally while the female flowers are found proximally on each inflorescence. The type of pollination is determined by the relative maturation times of the male and female flowers. In the Tall varieties the male flowers open before the female flowers, hindering self pollination while, an overlap of the opening phases of male and female flowers in Dwarf plants allows for self pollination and greater tendency toward homozygosity.