The Influence of Martin Bucer on England
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Anti-Semitism: a History
ANTI-SEMITISM: A HISTORY 1 www.counterextremism.com | @FightExtremism ANTI-SEMITISM: A HISTORY Key Points Historic anti-Semitism has primarily been a response to exaggerated fears of Jewish power and influence manipulating key events. Anti-Semitic passages and decrees in early Christianity and Islam informed centuries of Jewish persecution. Historic professional, societal, and political restrictions on Jews helped give rise to some of the most enduring conspiracies about Jewish influence. 2 Table of Contents Religion and Anti-Semitism .................................................................................................... 5 The Origins and Inspirations of Christian Anti-Semitism ................................................. 6 The Origins and Inspirations of Islamic Anti-Semitism .................................................. 11 Anti-Semitism Throughout History ...................................................................................... 17 First Century through Eleventh Century: Rome and the Rise of Christianity ................. 18 Sixth Century through Eighth Century: The Khazars and the Birth of an Enduring Conspiracy Theory AttacKing Jewish Identity ................................................................. 19 Tenth Century through Twelfth Century: Continued Conquests and the Crusades ...... 20 Twelfth Century: Proliferation of the Blood Libel, Increasing Restrictions, the Talmud on Trial .............................................................................................................................. -
The Creation of a Calvinist Identity in the Reformation Period
chapter 7 The Creation of a Calvinist Identity in the Reformation Period Ole Peter Grell Calvinism, as opposed to other Protestant confessions quickly developed a pan-European identity during the Reformation period – from the mid- sixteenth to the early seventeenth century. This early modern Reformed iden- tity, including the theology which underpinned it, was shaped by the prolonged experience of persecution, exodus and subsequent exile which came to form the experience of an increasingly large number of influential Calvinist fami- lies. This chapter is concerned with how and why this came about and what it resulted in.1 First, an overview of the size and nature of Calvinist emigration and re- emigration together with a record of the principal places of settlement is pro- vided. Then follows a discussion of the rationale for emigration amongst the wealthy, Calvinist merchants who came to constitute the spine of the exiled Reformed communities and to what extent it was determined by religious and/ or economic factors. This leads into an analysis of the raison d’être which Calvinist exiles applied to their own experiences of persecution, exile, and minority existence, focussing in particular on the role of providential history and the use of the Old Testament as a matrix for their personal experiences. A variety of contemporary sources illustrating the role of providential history and the use of texts from the Bible are quoted here. The second half of the chapter is focussed on the significance of the so- called ‘Weber thesis’ for explaining the success of the first three generations of wealthy Calvinist merchants-bankers who provided leadership for the exiled Calvinist communities across Europe. -
The Early Success and Gradual Decline of Lutheranism in England, 1520-1600 BASIL HALL
CONCORDIA THEOLOGICAL MONTHLY The Treasure of the Church WALTER R. BOUMAN The Early Success and Gradual Decline of Lutheranism in England, 1520-1600 BASIL HALL A Marxist De-Lutheranization of the German Reformation DOUGLAS C. STANGE Brief Studies Homiletics Theological Observer Book Review 01. xxxvrn October 1967 No.9 The Early Success and Gradual Decline of Lutheranism in England, 1520 -1600 BASIL HALL n a new calendar associated with the But this calendar was an unofficial enter I Book of Common Prayer in 1578 there prise intended to oppose the names of are four days of some interest to those con "Protestant saints" to those of "Popish cerned with English attitudes to Lutheran saints" in the traditional calendars in Eliza ism in the 16th century: bethan use, and it cannot be taken to mean "February 16 the learned clerk Philip that a deep or ready sympathy existed for Melanchthon as upon this Lutheran doctrine and religious practices day was born. at that time. In fact it would be difficult to February 18 Martin Luther the servant find an Elizabethan writer approving of of God died as upon this Lutheran teachings and methods of wor day. ship and advocating them apart from those February 22 Martin Luther his body as subjects which had become common to upon this day was trans lated to Witemberg and Protestantism, including justification by buried in the chapel of the faith. Castle there. For example, in the controversy between October 31 This day in the yeere of the Puritan Thomas Cartwright and Arch our Lord God 1517 and bishop Whitgift, Cartwright, in seeking 101 yeeres after ye death suppOrt for his criticism of the state of the of John Hus, Martin Lu Church of England, cited Peter Martyr: ther gave his propositions who upon the tenth chapter of II Book of in ye universitie of Wit Kings saith: The Lutherans must take heed emberg against ye Pope's lest whilst they cut off many popish errors, pardons." 1 they follow Jehu by retaining also many 1 Liturgies and Occasional Forms of Prayer popish things. -
VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETAS INGA LEONAVIČIŪT ŠV. BRUNONAS KVERFURTIETIS IR 1009 M. MISIJA: ŠALTINOTYRINIS ASPEKTAS Daktaro Disert
VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETAS INGA LEONAVI ČIŪTĖ ŠV. BRUNONAS KVERFURTIETIS IR 1009 M. MISIJA: ŠALTINOTYRINIS ASPEKTAS Daktaro disertacija Humanitariniai mokslai, istorija (05 H) Vilnius, 2014 Disertacija rengta 2001–2014 metais Vilniaus universitete Mokslinis vadovas: prof. habil. dr. Edvardas Gudavi čius (Vilniaus universitetas, humanitariniai mokslai, istorija – 05 H) 2 TURINYS ĮVADAS / 5 I DALIS. ŠV. BRUNONO IR 1009-ŲJŲ MISIJOS PAŽINIMO BYLA / 24 1. ŠV. BRUNONO BONIFACO PAŽINIMO TRADICIJOS / 24 1.1. Kamalduliškoji pažinimo tradicija: šv. Bonifacas – Romualdo mokinys, Bosnijos (arki)vyskupas, slav ų / rus ų kankinys / 25 1.1.1. Šv. Romualdo mokinio šv. Bonifaco atradimas arba kaip su juo susipažino Europa / 25 1.1.2. Paskutin ės šv. Bonifaco misijos geografin ės interpretacijos / 45 1.1.3. Šv. Bonifaco švent ės klausimas, arba romualdiškosios datos įsitvirtinimas / 55 1.2. Benediktiniškoji tradicija: Šv. Brunonas – 1008 m. Pr ūsijoje nužudytas rut ėnų (arki)vyskupas / 58 1.2.1. Žini ų apie šv. Brunono kankinyst ę sklaida Viduramžiais / 58 1.2.2. Ekehardiškosios žinios su rut ėnų (arki)vyskupu įsitvirtinimas / 66 1.3. Lokalin ė (Kverfurto) tradicija: Šv. Brunonas – Kverfurto graf ų gimin ės atstovas, dukart misionieriav ęs Pr ūsijoje ir ten 1008/1009 m. nužudytas / 79 1.4. Šv. Brunonas Bonifacas – sudvejintas šventasis / 88 1.4.1. Dviej ų švent ųjų koegzistavimas ir Lietuvos atsiradimas misijiniame itinerare / 88 1.4.2. „Brunono Bonifaco“ šaltini ų publikavimas ir sudvejinimo rebuso išsprendimas / 99 2. ŠV. BRUNONO BONIFACO PAŽINIMAS 1009-ŲJŲ MISIJOS GEOGRAFIN ĖJE ERDV ĖJE / 105 2.1. Sudvejintas šventasis Lenkijos-Lietuvos valstyb ėje / 105 2.2. Šv. Bonifacas – Regni Poloniae Patronus arba liturginis švent ųjų Brunono ir Bonifaco aspektas / 122 2.3. -
Jubiläumsdekade 500 Jahre Reformation
... da ist Freiheit 2. KOR. 3,17 500 JAHRE REFORMATION Informationen zur Gestaltung der Reformationsdekade in Baden zusammengestellt vom landeskirchlichen Beauftragten für das Reformationsjubiläum Wolfgang Brjanzew Stand: November 2016 1 Evangelischer Oberkirchenrat Wolfgang Brjanzew Beauftragter der Evang. Landeskirche in Baden für die Reformationsdekade Blumenstraße 1-7 76133 Karlsruhe Telefon: 0721 9175-316 Telefax: 0721 9175-25-316 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.reformation-baden.de Assistenz: Gisela Kirchberg-Krüger Telefon: 0721 9175-313 E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Inhalt Grundlagen für die Gestaltung des Reformationsgedenkens in der Evang. Landeskirche in Baden (4) A. Vorbemerkungen zur grundsätzlichen Bedeutung des Gedenkens "500 Jahre Reformation" B. Die Basis unserer Dekadearbeit C. Die Zielgruppen D. Die Angebotsebenen E. Die ökumenische Perspektive F. Die Losung des Jubiläumsjahres Die aktuelle Situation und Planung in Baden (6) I. Ausgewählte Serviceangebote der Evang. Landeskirche in Baden (6) Badische Website zur Reformationsdekade Badisches Referententeam zum Themenbereich "Reformation" Reformation auf Youtube - Ein Katalog aus Baden Wanderausstellungen als flexibel einsetzbare Basismodule für unterschiedliche Angebotsformate Religionspädagogische Tipps Veranstaltungs- & Projektberatung durch den landeskirchl. Beauftragten für die Reformationsdekade II. Projekte, Aktionen und Initiativen der Evang. Landeskirche in Baden (8) III. Landeskirchlich geförderte Projekte in den Kirchenbezirken -
DISSERTATION-Submission Reformatted
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Dilemma of Obedience: Persecution, Dissimulation, and Memory in Early Modern England, 1553-1603 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5tv2w736 Author Harkins, Robert Lee Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Dilemma of Obedience: Persecution, Dissimulation, and Memory in Early Modern England, 1553-1603 By Robert Lee Harkins A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Ethan Shagan, Chair Professor Jonathan Sheehan Professor David Bates Fall 2013 © Robert Lee Harkins 2013 All Rights Reserved 1 Abstract The Dilemma of Obedience: Persecution, Dissimulation, and Memory in Early Modern England, 1553-1603 by Robert Lee Harkins Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Ethan Shagan, Chair This study examines the problem of religious and political obedience in early modern England. Drawing upon extensive manuscript research, it focuses on the reign of Mary I (1553-1558), when the official return to Roman Catholicism was accompanied by the prosecution of Protestants for heresy, and the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603), when the state religion again shifted to Protestantism. I argue that the cognitive dissonance created by these seesaw changes of official doctrine necessitated a society in which religious mutability became standard operating procedure. For most early modern men and women it was impossible to navigate between the competing and contradictory dictates of Tudor religion and politics without conforming, dissimulating, or changing important points of conscience and belief. -
DISSERTATION-Submission Reformatted
The Dilemma of Obedience: Persecution, Dissimulation, and Memory in Early Modern England, 1553-1603 By Robert Lee Harkins A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Ethan Shagan, Chair Professor Jonathan Sheehan Professor David Bates Fall 2013 © Robert Lee Harkins 2013 All Rights Reserved 1 Abstract The Dilemma of Obedience: Persecution, Dissimulation, and Memory in Early Modern England, 1553-1603 by Robert Lee Harkins Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Ethan Shagan, Chair This study examines the problem of religious and political obedience in early modern England. Drawing upon extensive manuscript research, it focuses on the reign of Mary I (1553-1558), when the official return to Roman Catholicism was accompanied by the prosecution of Protestants for heresy, and the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603), when the state religion again shifted to Protestantism. I argue that the cognitive dissonance created by these seesaw changes of official doctrine necessitated a society in which religious mutability became standard operating procedure. For most early modern men and women it was impossible to navigate between the competing and contradictory dictates of Tudor religion and politics without conforming, dissimulating, or changing important points of conscience and belief. Although early modern theologians and polemicists widely declared religious conformists to be shameless apostates, when we examine specific cases in context it becomes apparent that most individuals found ways to positively rationalize and justify their respective actions. This fraught history continued to have long-term effects on England’s religious, political, and intellectual culture. -
Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 I I
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Martin Bucer and the Anabaptist Context of Evangelical Confirmation
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications, Department of History History, Department of 5-4-1994 Martin Bucer and the Anabaptist Context of Evangelical Confirmation Amy Nelson Burnett University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub Part of the History Commons Burnett, Amy Nelson, "Martin Bucer and the Anabaptist Context of Evangelical Confirmation" (1994). Faculty Publications, Department of History. 12. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historyfacpub/12 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. MARTIN BUCER AmTHE ANAB Martin Bucer has long been called "the father of evangelied confir- mation" because of the ceremony he prescdbed for the territory of Hesse in 1539. After being called to Hesse by Landgrave Philip to combat the spread of Anahptisrar in his lds, Bucer drdtd both the Ziegenhain disciplinq ordinance, which gave the rationale and general procedure for co tion, and the Kassel church ordinance, which con~nedan agenda for the ceremony. Studies of Bucer's tion ceremony have freqmtly drawn aftention to Anabptist on the propal, that ifluence conning horn Anabaptists in both Strasbourg and Hesse? However, it is one thing to a that Anabaptisb inspired Bucer's proposal for confi tion; it is another to determine which Anabap- tists. Over the past two decades research on the "Radical Reforma- 'Amy Nelson Burnett is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Nebraska- Lincoln. -
The Idea of Medieval Heresy in Early Modern France
The Idea of Medieval Heresy in Early Modern France Bethany Hume PhD University of York History September 2019 2 Abstract This thesis responds to the historiographical focus on the trope of the Albigensians and Waldensians within sixteenth-century confessional polemic. It supports a shift away from the consideration of medieval heresy in early modern historical writing merely as literary topoi of the French Wars of Religion. Instead, it argues for a more detailed examination of the medieval heretical and inquisitorial sources used within seventeenth-century French intellectual culture and religious polemic. It does this by examining the context of the Doat Commission (1663-1670), which transcribed a collection of inquisition registers from Languedoc, 1235-44. Jean de Doat (c.1600-1683), President of the Chambre des Comptes of the parlement of Pau from 1646, was charged by royal commission to the south of France to copy documents of interest to the Crown. This thesis aims to explore the Doat Commission within the wider context of ideas on medieval heresy in seventeenth-century France. The periodization “medieval” is extremely broad and incorporates many forms of heresy throughout Europe. As such, the scope of this thesis surveys how thirteenth-century heretics, namely the Albigensians and Waldensians, were portrayed in historical narrative in the 1600s. The field of study that this thesis hopes to contribute to includes the growth of historical interest in medieval heresy and its repression, and the search for original sources by seventeenth-century savants. By exploring the ideas of medieval heresy espoused by different intellectual networks it becomes clear that early modern European thought on medieval heresy informed antiquarianism, historical writing, and ideas of justice and persecution, as well as shaping confessional identity. -
Elizabethan Diplomatic Networks and the Spread of News
chapter 13 Elizabethan Diplomatic Networks and the Spread of News Tracey A. Sowerby Sir Thomas Smith, Elizabeth I’s ambassador in France, wrote to her longest serving secretary, Sir William Cecil, in 1563 that “yf ye did understand and feele the peyne that Ambassadoures be in when thei can have no aunswer to ther lettres nor intilligence from ther prince, nor hir cownsell, ye wold pitie them I assure yow”. This pain was particularly acute, Smith went on to explain, when there were worrying rumours, such as those circulating at the French court that Queen Elizabeth was dead or very ill.1 Smith was far from the only Elizabethan ambassador to highlight the importance of regular news from home. Almost every resident ambassador Elizabeth sent abroad did so at some point during his mission. Practical and financial considerations meant that English ambassadors often had to wait longer than was desirable for domestic news; it was not unusual for ambassadors to go for one or two months without any news from the Queen or her Privy Council. For logistical reasons diplomats posted at courts relatively close to London were more likely to receive more regular information from court than those in more distant courts such as those of the Spanish king or Ottoman Emperor, or who were attached to semi- peripatetic courts. There were financial reasons too: sending a special post from Paris to London and back cost at least £20 in 1566.2 But sending news through estab- lished postal routes or with other ambassadors’ packets, while considerably cheaper, was also much less secure and took longer.3 A lack of news could hinder a diplomat’s ability to operate effectively. -
Schemes for Students' Mobility in Protestant Switzerland
Karine Crousaz: « Schemes for Students’ Mobility in Protestant Switzerland during the Sixteenth Century » Preprint version, may be quoted. CROUSAZ, Karine, « Schemes for Students’ Mobility in Protestant Switzerland during the Sixteenth Century », preprint version, 2017, 19 p. (Open Acess : CC-BY-NC-ND). Revised version of the paper delivered on 10 October 2015, Northumbria University, (Newcastle), to be published in : Early Modern Universities : Networks of Higher Learning, Anja-Silvia Goeing, Mordechai Feingold and Glyn Parry (eds), 2020/2021 Swiss educational structures experienced major transformations during the sixteenth century, transformations which were driven by the cultural movement of humanism and by the Protestant and Catholic Reformations.1 At the beginning of the sixteenth century, the Swiss Confederacy counted only one institution of higher learning: the University of Basel. In 1560, if we take into account the allied territory of Geneva, Switzerland benefited also from four newly created Protestant academies in Zurich, Bern, Lausanne and Geneva. 2 These academies offered instruction in arts and theology, comparable in level and nature to that in the universities of their time. However, the academies did not have the right to grant academic titles. At that time, this ability was restricted to institutions that had received a privilege from the pope or the emperor, and these Catholic authorities would not give it to institutions in Reformed (Calvinist or Zwinglian) territories. In this chapter, we are going to look at how students were helped financially by the Swiss political and religious authorities in order to travel and study abroad. We will see that the policy regarding student scholarships varied considerably among the different Swiss Protestant cities.