Firearms Training Guide
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Firearms A Training Guide For Law Enforcement Officers Wisconsin Department of Justice Law Enforcement Standards Board June 2017 The Law Enforcement Standards Board approved this textbook on June 6, 2017. Training Academy effective date is January 1, 2018. All law enforcement basic preparatory training courses that begin on or after January 1st, 2018, must incorporate this updated textbook and any related updates to the curriculum. Academies beginning before that date may elect to use these updated materials. Copyright © 2017 by the Department of Justice. All rights reserved. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people contributed to the writing of this manual. The Wisconsin Department of Justice Training and Standards Bureau gratefully acknowledges the hard work and dedication of the Tactical Skills Advisory Committee, which suggested and reviewed content for the present guide. The current members of the Committee are: Designated Representatives and Practitioners: Glenn Rehberg, Training & Standards Bureau, Chair Stephanie Pederson, Training & Standards Bureau Bradley Hardel, Sheriff’s Representative Russell Jack, Chief’s Representative Andrew Kleppe, Wisconsin Technical College System Kris Perales, Wisconsin State Patrol Justin Sebestyen/James MacGillis/Al Groszczyk/Aimee Obregon, Milwaukee PD Dennis Konkel/Sarah Wronski, Milwaukee County Sheriff’s Office Kimba Tieu/Chris Masterson, Madison Police Department Dennis Angle, Waukesha Police Department Mark Bauman, Eau Claire County Sheriff’s Office Steve Harlow, Milwaukee Area Technical College Mike Jaszczak, Superior Police Department Lisa Wilson, Division of Criminal Investigation Raymond Merlin, Kenosha County Sheriff’s Office Benjamin Poller, Division of Criminal Investigation / Madison College Mike Kuspa/Bill Skurzewski, Waukesha County Technical College Emeritus (non-voting) Members: Bob Willis Darrel Bauman Randy Revling Bob Defrang Kelly Rehwoldt Mike Valencia The following people served on the Rifle subcommittee: Mark Crider, FBI; Travis Hilliard, SPPD; Mike Jaszczak, SPD; Bob DeFrang, WSP; Kelly Rehwoldt, DCSO; Joseph M. Seitz/Allen Groszczyk, MPD; Mike Steffes, RPD; Brian Buckmaster, LCSO; Kipp Hartman, MAPD; Tom Hamm, KPD; Glenn Rehberg, T&S. Thanks to John Czerwinski (Walworth County Sheriff’s Office). Special thanks to Minh Duc "Kimba" Tieu (Madison Police Department) and Aaron Matson (Wisconsin Crime Laboratory) for modeling and photography. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................... III TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... IV LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. IX INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 PHASE ONE - FUNDAMENTALS OF FIREARMS .............................................. 3 COMPETENCIES AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES .............................................. 3 SAFETY ................................................................................................................ 4 Four Fundamental Rules of Firearm Safety ................................................... 4 Range Safety ................................................................................................. 5 Safe Storage of Weapons .............................................................................. 6 PSYCHOMOTOR SKILL DEVELOPMENT ........................................................... 7 Muscle Memory ............................................................................................. 7 The Body’s Response to Stress ..................................................................... 8 Controlling Yourself and Others Under Stress ............................................... 9 BALLISTICS ....................................................................................................... 10 Internal Ballistics .......................................................................................... 10 External Ballistics ......................................................................................... 10 Terminal Ballistics ........................................................................................ 11 THE SEMI-AUTOMATIC PISTOL ...................................................................... 13 WHY GUNS FIRE ............................................................................................... 13 Ammunition .................................................................................................. 13 Weapon Design ........................................................................................... 15 SEMI-AUTO PISTOL TYPES ............................................................................. 16 Hammer Types ............................................................................................ 16 Hammerless Types ...................................................................................... 16 THE FIRING CYCLE ........................................................................................... 16 Fire .............................................................................................................. 17 Extract ......................................................................................................... 17 Eject ............................................................................................................. 17 Feed ............................................................................................................ 17 MAINTAINING YOUR WEAPON ........................................................................ 17 Function Check ............................................................................................ 18 Cleaning Your Weapon ................................................................................ 18 Care of Magazines ....................................................................................... 20 Armorer’s Inspection .................................................................................... 20 EQUIPMENT ...................................................................................................... 20 Inclement Weather Uniform Precautions ..................................................... 21 BASIC SHOOTING SKILLS ............................................................................... 23 SHOOTING FUNDAMENTALS........................................................................... 23 Stance ......................................................................................................... 23 Grip .............................................................................................................. 24 Sight Alignment ............................................................................................ 26 Sight Picture ................................................................................................ 26 Trigger Control ............................................................................................. 27 THE DRAW STROKE ......................................................................................... 28 iv Drawing Your Weapon ................................................................................. 28 Recovering the Weapon to the Holster ........................................................ 31 READY POSITIONS ........................................................................................... 32 Tactical Ready ............................................................................................. 32 Low Ready ................................................................................................... 33 ADMINISTRATIVE LOADING AND UNLOADING .............................................. 33 Administrative Loading ................................................................................ 34 Administrative Unloading ............................................................................. 34 RELOADING ....................................................................................................... 35 Out-Of-Battery Reload ................................................................................. 35 In-Battery Reload ......................................................................................... 36 MALFUNCTIONS ............................................................................................... 39 TYPES OF MALFUNCTIONS ............................................................................. 39 Failure to Fire ............................................................................................... 39 Failure to Extract .......................................................................................... 39 Failure to Eject ............................................................................................. 39 Failure to Feed ............................................................................................. 39 CAUSES OF MALFUNCTIONS .......................................................................... 40 Shooter-Induced Malfunctions ..................................................................... 40 Other Causes of Malfunctions...................................................................... 41 CLEARING MALFUNCTIONS ............................................................................ 41 Phase 1 Malfunction