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642966.Pdf (3.479Mb) TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TEMEL İSLAM BİLİMLERİ ANABİLİM DALI AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE TASAVVUFÎ HAREKETLER VE BAWA MUHAIYADDEEN (BABA MUHYİDDİN) ÖRNEĞİ Doktora Tezi HAKAN KIZILTEPE Ankara, 2020 TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TEMEL İSLAM BİLİMLERİ ANABİLİM DALI AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE TASAVVUFÎ HAREKETLER VE BAWA MUHAIYADDEEN (BABA MUHYİDDİN) ÖRNEĞİ Doktora Tezi HAKAN KIZILTEPE Prof. Dr. AHMET CAHİD HAKSEVER Ankara, 2020 TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TEMEL İSLAM BİLİMLERİ ANABİLİM DALI TASAVVUF BİLİM DALI AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE TASAVVUFÎ HAREKETLER VE BAWA MUHAIYADDEEN (BABA MUHYİDDİN) ÖRNEĞİ DOKTORA Tez Danışmanı: PROF. DR. AHMET CAHİD HAKSEVER TEZ JÜRİSİ ÜYELERİ Adı ve Soyadı 1- PROF. DR. AHMET CAHİD HAKSEVER 2- PROF. DR. İHSAN ÇAPCIOĞLU 3- PROF. DR. VAHİT GÖKTAŞ 4- PROF. DR. AHMET YILDIRIM 5- DOÇ. DR. MAHMUD ESAD ERKAYA Tez Savunması Tarihi: 27/05/2020 T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü’ne, PROF. DR. AHMET CAHİD HAKSEVER danışmanlığında hazırladığım “AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE TASAVVUFÎ HAREKETLER VE BAWA MUHAIYADDEEN (BABA MUHYİDDİN) ÖRNEĞİ” (Ankara, 2020) adlı doktora tezimdeki bütün bilgilerin akademik kurallara ve etik davranış ilkelerine uygun olarak toplanıp sunulduğunu, başka kaynaklardan aldığım bilgileri metinde ve kaynakçada eksiksiz olarak gösterdiğimi, çalışma sürecinde bilimsel araştırma ve etik kurallarına uygun olarak davrandığımı ve aksinin ortaya çıkması durumunda her türlü yasal sonucu kabul edeceğimi beyan ederim. 28.05.2020 HAKAN KIZILTEPE 4 İçindekiler İÇİNDEKİLER ........................................................................................................................... İ KISALTMALAR ...................................................................................................................... V ÖNSÖZ ...................................................................................................................................... 7 GİRİŞ ....................................................................................................................................... 12 1. ARAŞTIRMANIN KONUSU, AMACI VE PROBLEMİ .................................................. 12 2. KURAMSAL ÇERÇEVE ..................................................................................................... 14 3. ARAŞTIRMANIN KAPSAMI VE YÖNTEMİ .................................................................. 15 4. SRİ LANKA'DA DİNİ HAYAT VE TASAVVUF .............................................................. 16 1.1 Sri Lanka'da Hinduizm ................................................................................................. 21 1.2 Sri Lanka'da Budizm .................................................................................................... 28 1.3 Sri Lanka'da İslam ve Tasavvuf ................................................................................... 32 2. AMERİKA’DA İSLAM VE TASAVVUF ........................................................................... 38 2.1 Amerika’da İslam .......................................................................................................... 38 2.1.1 Göçmen Müslümanlar .......................................................................................................... 41 2.1.2 Afro-Amerikan Müslümanlar .............................................................................................. 46 2.1.3 Din Değiştirerek Müslüman Olanlar ................................................................................... 50 2.1.4 11 Eylül ve Sonrası ................................................................................................................ 52 2.2 Amerika’da Sufi Hareketler ......................................................................................... 54 2.2.1 Hareketlerini İslam İle Bağlantılı Tanımlamayan Sufi Hareketler .................................. 59 2.2.1.1 İnayet Han ..................................................................................................................... 59 2.2.1.2 Müftü Muhammed Sadık ............................................................................................. 63 2.2.1.3 Irina Tweedie ................................................................................................................ 65 2.2.1.4 İdris Şah ........................................................................................................................ 65 2.2.2 Hareketlerini İslam ile Bağlantılı Tanımlayan Sufi Hareketler ........................................ 66 2.2.2.1 Halveti-Cerrahi Tarikatı .............................................................................................. 67 2.2.2.2 Şazeliyye-Meryemiyye Tarikatı ................................................................................... 68 2.2.2.3 Nimetullahi Tarikatı ..................................................................................................... 68 2.2.2.4 Rufai-Marufi Tarikatı .................................................................................................. 69 2.2.2.5 Süleyman Loras ve The Threshold Society ................................................................. 69 i 2.2.2.6 Nakşbendi-Hakkâni Tarikatı ....................................................................................... 70 2.2.2.7 Kâdirî-Rufai Tarikatı ................................................................................................... 71 2.2.2.8 Kâdirîye-Batşişiyye Tarikatı ........................................................................................ 71 2.3 ABD'de İslam ve Sufizmin Kronolojik Özeti .............................................................. 72 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM ................................................................................................................... 75 BAWA'NIN HAYATI, SRİ LANKA VE AMERİKA’DAKİ FAALİYETLERİ, ESERLERİ .................................................................................................................................................. 75 1. SRİ LANKA'DAKİ HAYATI ...................................................................................................... 75 1.1 Bawa'nın İrşat Faaliyetlerine Başlamadan Önceki Dönemi (1880?-1940) ............... 75 1.2 Sri Lanka'daki İrşat Dönemi (1940-1971) ................................................................... 82 2. AMERİKA’DAKİ İRŞAT DÖNEMİ (1971-1986) ........................................................................ 85 3. VEFATI SONRASI DÖNEM....................................................................................................... 90 4. ESERLERİ ............................................................................................................................... 96 4.1 The Resonance of Allah (Allah'ın Rezonansı) ....................................................................... 99 4.2 The Fast of Ramadan, The Inner Heart Blossoms (Ramazan Orucu, Gönül Çiçekleri) .. 101 4.3 The Tree That Fell to the West, Autobiography of a Sufi (Batı'ya Devrilen Ağaç, Bir Sufinin Otobiyografisi) ................................................................................................................ 103 4.4 Bawa Asks Bawa Muhaiyaddeen (Bawa, Bawa Muhaiyaddeen'e Soruyor) ...................... 104 4.5 The Choice (Tercih) ............................................................................................................... 105 4.6 Dhikr, The Remembrance of God (Zikir, Allah’ı Anmak) ................................................. 106 4.7 To Die Before Death: The Sufi Way of Life (Ölmeden Önce Ölmek: İrfan Yolu) ............ 107 4.8 Hajj: The Inner Pilgramage (Hac: Kalbin Haccı) ............................................................... 108 4.9 The Point Where God and Man Meet (Tanrı ve İnsanın Buluştuğu Nokta) ..................... 109 4.10 God's Psychology: A Sufi Explanation (Tanrı'nın Psikolojisi: Bir Sufinin Açıklamaları) ....................................................................................................................................................... 110 4.11 Suratu'r-Rahmah: The Form of Compassion (Rahman Suresi: Merhametin Sureti) ... 111 4.12 Sheikh and Disciple (Şeyh ve Mürid) ................................................................................. 112 4.13 The Map of the Journey to God: Lessons from the School of Grace (Allah’a Yolculuğun Haritası: Rahmet Okulundan Dersler) ....................................................................................... 112 4.14 Wisdom of the Divine: al-Hikmathu'l-Jannath (İlahi İrfan: Cennet Hikmeti) ............... 113 4.15 Four Steps to Pure Iman (Saf İmana Dört Adım) ............................................................. 114 ii İKİNCİ BÖLÜM ................................................................................................................... 115 BAWA'NIN TASAVVUF ANLAYIŞI ................................................................................... 115 1. DİN VE İSLAM ANLAYIŞI ...................................................................................................... 115 1.1 Din Anlayışı .................................................................................................................. 115 1.2 İslam Anlayışı ............................................................................................................... 121 1.3 Şeriat ............................................................................................................................
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