DOCSLIB.ORG

1 Early School Leaving

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1 Early School Leaving ROMANIA Public Disclosure Authorized Administration Agreement between the European Commission on behalf of the European Union and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development concerning the Part II Europe 2020 Programmatic Single-Donor Trust Fund (Trust Fund (No. TF073208) (EC Contract No SRSS/S2018/063) Public Disclosure Authorized OUTPUT 1 A Proposed Early Warning Mechanism for Early School Leaving Public Disclosure Authorized Prevention and Proposed Action Plan for Implementation Main Document October 2019 Public Disclosure Authorized Funded by the EU via the Structural Reform Support Programme Acknowledgements This report has been delivered under the Administration Agreement SRSS/S2018/063 between the European Commission - Structural Reform Support Service (SRSS) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development for Developing an early warning system for the prevention of early school leaving in Romania. It corresponds to Output 1 of the above-mentioned agreement. The implementation of this activity is coordinated by Mariana Doina Moarcăs (Task Team Leader, Sr. Education Specialist, and Alina Sava, (Co-Task Team Leader, Education Specialist), under the overall guidance of Harry Patrinos (Practice Manager), and Tatiana Proskuryakova (Country Manager for Romania and Hungary). A team of six local experts led by Manuela Sofia Stănculescu, Sr. Researcher, were directly involved in the preparation of this document and in organizing interviews and focus groups at central and local level. Significant contributions were also made by Walid Madhoun (International Expert), Ioana Raluca Ciucanu (Local Education Expert), and Anca Tîrca (Sr. Education Expert). Camelia Gușescu (Program Assistant), also provided implementation support. The World Bank team highly appreciates the excellent cooperation, guidance and feedback received from Florin Popa, SRSS counterpart, as well as from the representatives of the Ministry of National Education (MONE), especially Tania Irimia, General Director, as well as Simona Tănase, Gabriela Droc, and Cecilia Iuga. The team would also like to express its gratitude to all the participants in interviews and focus groups for their time and contributions to the refinement of the proposed Early Warning Mechanism and Action Plan. Comments and suggestions received during the process, as well as feedback from the MONE were reflected in this document. Disclaimer This report is a product of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / the World Bank. The findings, interpretation, and conclusions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank Group does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. This report does not necessarily represent the position of the European Union or the Government of Romania. Copyright Statement © 2020 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. All queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: [email protected]. 2 Content Executive Summary 5 Introduction 6 1 Early School Leaving (ESL) 9 1.1 Definition and Measurement 9 1.2 ESL Factors and Triggers 12 1.3 Review of Current Practices in EU Countries Implementing ESL Prevention Mechanisms 16 1.4 Strategies, Policies and Measures to Reduce ESL in Romania 18 2 The Proposed Early Warning Mechanism (EWM) in Romania 22 2.1 EWM Approach 22 2.2 EWM Target Groups 25 2.3 EWM Description 27 2.4 EWM Institutional Support Structure 28 2.5 Consultation Process 34 3 EWM Implementation 35 3.1 EWM Prevention Component 37 3.1.1 Identification of Students at Risk of ESL 37 3.1.2 ESL Prevention Measures 40 3.2 EWM Intervention Component for Students at Risk of ESL 44 3.2.1 Identification of Students at Risk of Dropout 45 3.2.2 Intervention Measures to Address ESL 46 3.3 EWM Compensation Component for (Re)Integrating Out-of-School Children and Youth 52 3.3.1 Identifying Out-of-School Children and Youth 53 3.3.2 Compensation Measures for Out-of-School Children and Youth 57 4 Monitoring and Reporting 61 5 Implementation Challenges and Recommendations 64 6 EWM Action Plan 72 6.1 Action Plan for EWM Implementation 74 References 77 Appendix 1. List of Participants in Consultations - Central Level 81 3 Acronyms ACoR Association of Communes of Romania EWM Early Warning Mechanism AJOFM County Agency for Employment FTR Family-type residence AJPIS County Agency for Payments and Social HCOP Human Capital Operational Inspection Program AMR Romanian Association of Municipalities INS National Institute for Statistics ANA Romanian Anti-Drug Agency ISCED International Standard Classification of Education ANC National Authority for Qualifications ISE Institute of Education Sciences ANOFM National Agency for Employment IVET Initial Vocational Education and Training ANPDCA National Authority for the Protection of M&E Monitoring and Evaluation the Rights of the Child and Adoption ANR National Agency for Roma MFE Ministry of European Funds AOR Association of Romanian Towns MMJS Ministry of Labor and Social Justice MOH Ministry of Health APL Local Public Authority MONE Ministry of National Education ARACIP Romanian Agency for Quality Assurance in NEET Not in Education, Employment or Pre-university Education Training BSI Bucharest School Inspectorate POCU Human Capital Operation Program PFP Professional Foster Parent CC County Council SAS School after School CCD Teachers’ House SC Second Chance CCS Community Consultative Structure SEN Special Educational Needs CJRAE County Center for Educational Resources SIIIR Romanian Education Integrated IT and Assistance System CN Community Nurse SOPHRD Sectoral Operational Program for Human Resources Development CNDIPT National Centre for the Development of SPAS Social Assistance Public Service Vocational Education and Training CNE National Council of Primary and Secondary SRSS Structural Reform Support System School Students CNEE National Council for Evaluation and TAU Territorial-Administrative Unit Examination CPECA Anti-Drug Prevention, Assessment and TG Target Group Counselling Center CSE Student School Council UMATE Unit for Monitoring and Technical Assistance for EWM CSI County School Inspectorate UNCJR National Union of Romanian County Councils DGASPC Directorate General for Social Assistance VET Vocational Education and Training and Child Protection ESF European Social Fund WB World Bank ESL Early School Leaving 4 Executive Summary Early school leaving (ESL) refers to people aged 18 to 24 who leave education and training without attaining lower secondary education. Early school leavers have difficulty finding stable jobs and are, therefore, at risk of poverty and social exclusion. Reducing the number of early leavers from education and training is one of the key objectives of the EU 2020 Strategy. Romania is one of the EU outliers with the ESL rate of 16.4 percent in 2018. 1 While the ESL rate in big cities is below EU average and well within the 2020 national target set at 11.3 percent, the ESL rate in rural areas is considerably higher at 26 percent and shows a growth tendency. Romania’s National Strategy to Reduce Early School Leaving envisages the adoption of an Early Warning Mechanism (EWM) for addressing ESL. This EWM was developed by the WB under the Administration Agreement SRSS/S2018/063 between the European Commission - Structural Reform Support Service - and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. While contributing to a reduction in the level of early school leaving in Romania, this EWM will also contribute to enhancing cohesion, competitiveness, sustainable growth and job creation in Romania. The proposed EWM addresses two gaps that have been identified in the current Romanian policy framework for preventing and reducing ESL: (i) there are no clear and mandatory procedures for collecting data on groups at risk of ESL, and (ii) there is no comprehensive intervention mechanism involving School Inspectorates and schools that would ensure coordinated implementation of ESL reduction measures at national level. Having analyzed the best practice from European countries that have successfully prevented and reduced ESL, as well as the Romanian experience, the proposed EWM is based on a multilevel and multidisciplinary approach to ESL through prevention, intervention and compensation measures and collaboration among institutions from different sectors and levels. While the proposed EWM addresses the school, county inspectorate, and central level, the school has been identified as the key level and focus of interventions. Given the key role of the school in the proposed EWM, but also of all other levels, this document also highlights the need for human and financial resources and training. Importantly, based on this EWM, a national program for addressing ESL is promoted. The proposed EWM includes a coherent methodological framework for detection/identification and intervention measures and, an institutional architecture of specialized human
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Revista Economica
    UNIVERSITATEA DE VEST „VASILE GOLDI Ş” din ARAD FACULTATEA DE ŞTIIN ŢE ECONOMICE, INFORMATIC Ǎ ŞI INGINERIE REVISTA DE CERCETARE ŞI STUDIU ECONOMICA SERIA LICEN ŢĂ ŞI MASTER VOLUMUL 1 ISSUE 3/2017 „Vasile Goldi ş” University Press Arad Universitatea de Vest „Vasile Goldi ş” din Arad Revista de cercetare şi studiu Economica Seria Licen ţă şi Master Vol. 1 Issue 3/2017 2 „Vasile Goldi ş” University Press Arad - ISSN: 2393-1310 Adresa web: http://rce-fse.uvvg.ro Universitatea de Vest „Vasile Goldi ş” din Arad Revista de cercetare şi studiu Economica CONSILIUL ŞTIIN ŢIFIC Pre şedinte: Prof.univ.dr. Haiduc Cristian – Decan, Facultatea de Ştiin ţe Economice, Informatic ǎ şi Inginerie, Universitatea de Vest „Vasile Goldi ş din Arad” Membrii: Prof.univ.dr. Ardelean Dorina - Universitatea de Vest „Vasile Goldi ş” din Arad Prof.univ.dr. Boldea Iulian - Prorector, Universitatea „Petru Maior” din Tîrgu Mure ş Prof.univ.dr. Dumescu Florin - Universitatea de Vest „Vasile Goldi ş” din Arad Prof.univ.dr. Şoim Hora ţiu - Universitatea de Vest „Vasile Goldi ş” din Arad Prof.univ.dr. Schebesch Klaus B. - Universitatea de Vest „Vasile Goldi ş” din Arad Prof.univ.dr. B ădulescu Alina – Universitatea din Oradea Prof.univ.dr. Petroman Ioan – USMAVB „ Regele Mihai I al României” din Timi şoara Conf.univ.dr. Anghelina Andrei - Prorector, Universitatea de Vest „Vasile Goldi ş” din Arad Conf.univ.dr. V ădăş an Ioana – Universitatea de Vest din Timi şoara Conf.univ.dr. Boi ţă Marius - Universitatea de Vest „Vasile Goldi ş” din Arad Conf.univ.dr. Milin Anda - USAMVB "Regele Mihai I al României" din Timi şoara COLEGIUL DE REDAC ŢIE Redactor şef : Conf.univ.dr.
    [Show full text]
  • GENERAL FACTS Official Name: Romania Capital City: Bucharest (2,064 Million Inhabitants)
    ADVERTISER’S SUPPLEMENT Sunday Observer December 1, 2019 79 GENERAL FACTS Official name: Romania Capital city: Bucharest (2,064 million inhabitants). Full of history and culture, Bucharest, is even called “Little Paris’’ Area: 238,391 sq km H. E. Klaus Werner Iohannis H. E. Ludovic Orban H. E. Bogdan Lucian Aurescu Land use: 61.7% (of which 39.5 % President of Romania Prime Minister of Romania Minister of Foreign Affairs arable land) Forest: 28% Other: 10.3% Border length: 3,150 km Neighboring countries: Bulgaria, THE ROMANIAN STATE Hungary, Republic of Moldavia, Serbia, Ukraine * According to the Constitution, Romania is Romania, since 22 nd December 2014 and Judiciary: Independence guaranteed by the Romanian Presidency was the informal European Population: 22,171 million a sovereign and independent, unitary and reelected on 24 th November 2019. Superior Council of the Magistracy; judges are Council that brought together EU heads of state inhabitants with the indivisible national state. The Legislative power: The Parliament of irremovable. or government in historical city of Sibiu, on 9 permanent residence in * Form of government: Republic. Romania, (588 members), divided into two Today, Romania is a modern European Union May 2019. EU leaders focused on strategic plans Romania (January 2019). * The state is organized according to the chambers: the Senate of Romania (176 members) Country with a dynamic economy and excellent for the Union in the coming years. principle of separation and balance of the and the Chamber of Deputies (412 members). human potential, a country fully engaged in the The diplomatic relations between Romania Ethnic structure: Romanians: powers – the Legislative, the Executive and Next Parliamentary election will be held in European Union and the Euro-Atlantic and Sri Lanka date back to the 15th of September 88.9%, Hungarian the Judiciary, in the framework of 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Management and Taxation Practices
    Capacity Building and Improving Environment for Municipal Practice in Land Management and Taxation NALAS Task Force on Urban Planning CAPACITY BUILDING AND IMPROVING ENVIRONMENT FOR MUNICIPAL PRACTICE IN LAND MANAGEMENT AND TAXATION NALAS Task Force on Urban Planning Report November 2015 Capacity Building and Improving Environment for Municipal Practice in Land Management and Taxation CONTENTS This Report is a collaborative effort of the NALAS Task Force on Urban Planning (TF UP) 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Izidor Jerala, Association of Municipalities and Towns of Slovenia (Host of the Task Force on Urban Planning) 2. Introduction: The relationship between property taxation and urban development ................................ 6 Indrit Gradeci, Albanian Association of Communes 2.1. Stages of land development ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 Azra Agic, Association of Municipalities and Cities of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Andjelina Osap, Association of Towns and Municipalities of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.2. Types of taxation on land use .......................................................................................................................................................... 7 Siya Shehtanova, National Association of Municipalities
    [Show full text]
  • Romania Diagnostic Jakov Milatovic and Mateusz Szczurek
    Romania Diagnostic Jakov Milatovic and Mateusz Szczurek January 2020 This report was prepared by Jakov Milatovic, Principal Economist at the Economics, Policy and Governance (EPG) department at the EBRD, under the supervision of Mateusz Szczurek, the Lead Regional Economist, and analytical support of Dan Meshulam, intern at EPG. Important contributions to the analysis were made by Dimitris Sourvanos and Oleg Levitin on political economy and governance, Kjetil Tvedt on the state of transport and municipal infrastructure, Dejan Vasiljev on access to finance, Marko Stermsek and Elias Habbar-Baylac on labour market, gender and inclusion issues, Giorgio Manenti on knowledge economy, and Philipp Paetzold on value chains analysis. We are grateful for guidance and comments provided by Mattia Romani (Managing Director, EPG), Artur Radziwill (Director, Country Economics and Policy) and Peter Sanfey (Deputy Director, Country Economics and Policy). We are also grateful to numerous other colleagues in EPG for helpful contributions. The report has benefited from comments from EBRD colleagues in other departments, including Banking, Office of the Chief Economist, Office of the General Counsel, Country Strategy and Results Management, Energy Efficiency and Climate Change. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors only and not necessarily those of the EBRD. The report is based on latest available data. Country diagnostics are an EBRD tool to identify the main obstacles to entrepreneurship and private sector development and to help shape the Bank’s strategic priorities and project selection in new country strategies. Each diagnostic informs the EBRD’s policy engagement with the authorities in the country. Each country diagnostic assesses the progress and challenges of the country of operations in developing a sustainable market economy.
    [Show full text]
  • National Associations of Local and Regional Governments in Europe
    BY THE NUMBERS CEMR National associations #EUlocal The Council of European Municipalities and Our mission of local and regional governments www.cemr.eu Regions is the united voice of Europe’s local and in Europe twitter.com/ccrecemr regional governments federated through 60 We promote the construction of a united, peace- national associations. ful and democratic Europe founded upon local self-government and respect for the principle of CEMR is the European section of United Cities and subsidiarity. Local Governments (UCLG), through which it repre- sents European local and regional governments at EUROPE counts CEMR unites Associations international level. associations cover 95% of in 41 countries. their country’s 100,000 60 population. National associations local & regional governments. P7 P15 of local and regional governments in Europe Founded in Who do How are associations 60 41 100,000 AssociationsLocal IntermediateRegional 1951 associations countries local and regional 45 associations legally protected? governments 2 represent?How is your association legally protected? A study on the CEMR and its members 4 16% 19% constitution 1 The constitution, a constitutional law or organic law of associations 5% general law 3 representGeneral law adopted the by a legislative body, regulation 3 3/4 national or regional (parliament, senate, etc.) Regulationlocal or decision level adopted only. by an executive body other (government or presidential directives, decisions, decrees, associations can be referredorders, administrativeto as provision,
    [Show full text]
  • Uclg World Council Members 2016-2019
    UCLG WORLD COUNCIL MEMBERS 2016-2019 Approved by the General Assembly in Bogotá in October 2016 Updated at the World Council in Madrid in November 2018 In italics: Representatives who are also members of the Executive Bureau. Empty posts can be fulfilled during the mandate following the presentation of proposals to the Committee on Statutory Affairs in accordance with UCLG rules. Appointments highlighted in grey are to be consulted with the Sections and the status changed as soon as eligibility criteria have been cleared. Please note that the list may be subject to change, pending further confirmations. PRESIDENT Parks Tau, President of the South African Local Government Association, Councillor of Johannesburg (South Africa) CO-PRESIDENTS Uğur İbrahim Altay, Mayor of Konya (Turkey) Ada Colau, Mayor of Barcelona (Spain) Wen Guohui, Mayor of Guangzhou (China) Anne Hidalgo, Mayor of Paris (France), Chair of UCLG Standing Committee on Gender Equality Roland Ries, Mayor of Strasbourg, President of Cités Unies France (France) Mauricio Rodas, Mayor of Quito (Ecuador) TREASURER Berry Vrbanovic, President Emeritus of Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM), Mayor of Kitchener (Canada) DEPUTY TREASURER Mohamed Sadiki, Mayor of Rabat (Morocco) VICE-PRESIDENTS AFRICA: Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda, President of the Association of Communes of Gabon (ACG), Mayor of Libreville (Gabon), Member of the Executive Committee of UCLG Africa ASIA-PACIFIC: Tri Rismaharini, Mayor of Surabaya (Indonesia), President of UCLG-ASPAC EURASIA: Aisen
    [Show full text]
  • Romanian Banat, 1918–1935
    SCHWABEN, BANATER, DEUTSCHE: FORMULATING GERMANNESS IN THE GREATER ROMANIAN BANAT, 1918–1935 By Christopher Wendt Submitted to Central European University Department of History In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Balázs Trencsényi Second Reader: Jan Hennings CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2017 Abstract In this thesis I examine the process by which leaders of an ethnic German minority community, the Banat Swabians, came to promote different conceptions of “Germanness” during the interwar period in the state of Greater Romania. I ask how Swabian leaders conceived of and transmitted conceptions of belonging and affiliation to the wider German-speaking community from the last days of the First World War, when the Banat became dislodged from Austria-Hungary, until 1935, when the local German-Swabian political leadership was incorporated into the newly transformed National Socialist umbrella organization of ethnic Germans in Romania. Using a source base primarily composed of local press and contemporary publications, I examine the fluctuation between consensus and disagreement over what “being German” in the Banat meant, and how different components—a connection to a wider German cultural community, Catholic faith, regional rootedness, and ethnicity—were often emphasized to different degrees, at different times, by different groups. The argument that I ultimately advance regarding the form of “Germanness promoted by Swabian leaders in the Banat rests on a perceived link between “the political” and “the cultural.” Driven by political necessity, Swabian leaders—many of whom before the war had bought into the Hungarian nation-state project—quickly came to espouse a Germanness rooted in an ethno-cultural sense.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Global Impact Report
    WWSF Annual Campaign: 19 Days of Activism for the prevention of violence against children and youth 1-19 November 2018 2018 Global Impact Report Selected examples of activities and events organized by coalition member organizations during the 19 Days campaign The report is published online www.woman.ch Photo: Stellah Reever Nsereko, Miss Uganda (c) Amani Initiative Against Teenage Pregnancy & Early Marriage https://www.facebook.com/www.amaniinitiative.org/ Recipient of the 2018 WWSF Prize for Innovative Prevention Activities, P. 14-15 TABLE OF CONTENTS Message from WWSF Executive Director p.4 Global Campaign Poster 2018 p.5 List of 2018 Active Coalition Member Organizations p.6 - 7 Recipient Organization: Prize for Innovative Prevention Activities 2018 p.8 Campaign Activities by Region: p.14 Africa p.15 - 18 Asia p.19 - 21 Europe p.22 - 43 Poster 19 November - World Day for prevention of violence against children & Youth, in synergy with 20 November - International Children’s Day p.44 - 45 Women’s World Summit Foundation (WWSF) Children - Youth Section Global Campaign: Prevention of Violence against Children & Youth POB 5490 - 1211 Geneva 11 - Switzerland - Tel: +41 (0) 22 738 66 19 email: [email protected] - http://www.woman.ch IBAN: CH1900 7880 0005070 1412 - SWIFT: BCGECHGGXXX Clearing/CB: 788 The 19 Days Campaign is an active Member of the Global partnership to end violence against children. Supporting the UN SDG Agenda 2030 Advocating for the realization of the UN Sustainable Development Goals - Agenda 2030 # Target 16.2: “End abuse, exploitation, trafficking, and all forms of violence against and torture of children”.
    [Show full text]
  • An Appraisal of Communication Practices Demonstrated by Romanian District Public Health Authorities at the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic
    sustainability Article An Appraisal of Communication Practices Demonstrated by Romanian District Public Health Authorities at the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic Mariana Cernicova-Buca * and Adina Palea * Department of Communication and Foreign Languages, Politehnica University Timisoara, 300006 Timisoara, Romania * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.C.-B.); [email protected] (A.P.) Abstract: Communication during an ongoing crisis is a challenging task that becomes even more demanding during a public health crisis. Early in the start of the pandemic, global leaders called upon the public to reject infodemics and access official sources. This article focuses on the communicative aspects of health services management, with a particular focus on the communication strategy of the Romanian district public health authorities during the COVID-19 lockdown, as seen on official websites and social networks. The 15 most affected districts were selected, according to the officially reported health cases. The issued press releases and the posts on Facebook pages show an uneven experience on the part of district authorities in dealing with public information campaigns. In addition, the results of the study indicate a lack of sustainable communication approaches as well as the need of professional training and strategy in dealing with the public health crisis. From a Citation: Cernicova-Buca, M.; Palea, communication point of view, a strategic approach on behalf of the public health sector is crucial to A. An Appraisal of Communication enhance the preparedness of appropriate institutions to act during emergencies and to respond to the Practices Demonstrated by Romanian needs of the media and the public with timely, correct, and meaningful information.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pennsylvania State University Schreyer Honors College Department of English Incarceration As a Tool for Shaping National I
    THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH INCARCERATION AS A TOOL FOR SHAPING NATIONAL IDENTITY: ROMANIA, 1947–1989 JAKE PELINI SPRING 2016 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a baccalaureate degree in English with honors in English Reviewed and approved* by the following: Robert D. Hume Evan Pugh University Professor of English Thesis Supervisor Xiaoye You Associate Professor of English and Asian Studies Honors Adviser * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. i ABSTRACT This essay examines how a regime can employ its carceral system to help reshape the national identity of its subjects, taking for a case study communist Romania between 1947 and 1989). Historians have studied in detail the Romanian communist regime’s secret police, the securitate, as well the 1989 revolution that violently overthrew the regime. However, a paucity of scholarship exists on the prison spaces themselves. This study places the Romanian carceral system—both as a whole and through the examination of select individual prisons—at its center. Using the spatial theories of Henry Lefebvre and Robert Whiting, as well as the nationalist theories of Georgio Agamben and Kenneth Jowitt, this essay shows that prisons functioned within Romania’s national and local frameworks to terrorize Romanians into complicity with the communist regime. Romanians who continued in their dissent were incarcerated by the regime, and this essay details the carceral program that the regime employed to brainwash prisoners according to communist doctrine. As a result of the communists’ imposition of the carceral program upon the Romanian people, the prison retains a presence in the Romanian cultural landscape, even thirty years after the regime’s fall.
    [Show full text]
  • Lfes 11 1990 Romania R01851
    Date Printed: 11/03/2008 JTS Box Number: lFES 11 Tab Number: 7 Document Title: Romania: A Dream Deferred The 1990 Elections and Prospects for Future Document Date: 1990 Document Country: Romania lFES ID: R01851 I -:~,. I ••...: .~.. ..., International Foundation for Electoral Systems ( ~ 1620 I STREET. NW. • SUITE 611 • WASHINGTON. D.c. 20006 • (202) 828-8507; FAX (202) 452-<J804 I I I I I I I I I Report Drafted by Joshua L. Dorosin I I I This report was made possible by a grant fram the National Endowment for Democracy I Any person or organization is welcome to quote infOlmation fram this report if it is attrbutea to IFES_ I I BOARD OF F. Clifton White Patricia Hurar James M. Cannon Randal C. Teague DIRECTORS Chairman Secretary Counsel I Richard M. Scammon Charles Manaa John C. White Richard W. Soudriene Robert C. Walker I Vice Chairman Treasurer Director I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ( Table of Contents: I Acknowledgements ii I Executive summary 1 I. Introduction 4 I II. The Conduct of the Campaign 6 I III. Balloting and Tabulation Procedures 13 IV. Election Results 25 I V. Conclusions 27 VI. Recommendations 28 I Appendices: I A. IFES Observer Delegation 30 B. Itinerary 31 I c. List of places and polling sites visited 37 D. May 24, 1990 Press Release on Romanian Election 38 I E. May 27, 1990 Article in Romania Libera 41 I F. Commodities and training provided by IFES 42 G.
    [Show full text]
  • Romanian Border Zone After the Great War
    Ethnographica et Folkloristica Carpathica 22. 2020. Doi: 10.47516/ETHNOGRAPHICA/1/22/8213 Levente Szilágyi Competing Nationality Politics Targeting German Communities in the Hungarian- Romanian Border Zone after the Great War Abstract In my study, I focus on the events that took place in the short period after the Great War ended (1918) and before the consolidation of Romanian power in the Hungarian- Romanian Border Commission (1922) from the point of view of the artificially created ethnic category: the Satu Mare Swabians or Sathmar Swabians. The historiography related to the “ethnographic” aspects of these events have appeared multiple times and in several contexts and forms in the years since. However, the question of ethnicity has not arisen in relation to the population of German descent, but rather in relation to the Hungarian-speaking Greek Catholic communities of Romanian and Rusyn/Ruthe- nian origin who were treated by the Romanian side as Magyarized Romanians. Fol- lowing this example, the Romanians later began to collect data on the Magyarized Germans, which they then presented to the Border Commission. Germans living in the territory witnessed a strong competition between identity politics and discourse supported by rival Hungarian and Romanian states. One of the key features of this rivalry was the intensive propaganda activity promoted by both the Romanian and the Hungarian authorities to gain territories to the detriment of the other. Keywords: World War I, Satu Mare Swabians, german minority, identity politics, borders One of the major consequences of World War I for Central and Eastern Europe is the emergence of new countries and the collapse of the Austro– Hungarian Empire.
    [Show full text]