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Anselmo Banduri (1675.-1743.), Dubrovački Benediktinac U Parizu

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Anselmo Banduri (1675.-1743.), Dubrovački Benediktinac U Parizu J. Pukariæ: AnselmoJelena Banduri Pukariæ (1675.-1743.), dubrovaèki benediktinac u Parizu ANSELMO BANDURI (1675.-1743.), DUBROVAÈKI BENEDIKTINAC U PARIZU Jelena Pukariæ UDK Bosutska 20 Izvorni znanstveni rad Zagreb Primljeno: 10.2.2006. Prihvaæeno: 17.5.2006. Pripadnika dubrovaèkoga ogranka benediktinskoga reda, Ansel- ma Bandurija (Dubrovnik, 1675.Pariz, 1743.), nalazimo krajem 17. stoljeæa najprije u susjednoj Italiji (okolica Napulja, Rim, Firenca), odakle godine 1702. stie u znamenitu pariku opatiju francuskih mavrinaca, Saint-Germain-des-Prés. Tamo æe, pod okriljem dom Ber- narda de Montfaucona, Banduri izdati dva vana djela, jedno iz po- druèja bizantolokih studija, Imperium Orientale sive Antiquitates Constantinopolitanae (1711.), drugo iz podruèja numizmatike, Nu- mismata imperatorum Romanorum a Trajano Decio ad Palaeologos Augustos (1718.). Godine 1715. Banduri biva primljen u redove kraljevske Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres. U iduæim se godinama sve vie udaljuje od redovnièke prakse te parike mauri- stièke zajednice, priklonivi se dvorskome krugu vojvotkinje od Or- léansa, majke regenta Filipa II. Orléanskog. Tako æe se, godine 1724., Banduri i konaèno smjestiti unutar Palais Royala gdje i umire u sijeè- nju mjesecu 1743. Kljuène rijeèi: Anselmo Banduri (Banduroviæ), Dubrovnik, be- nediktinski red, mauristi, Firenca, Pariz Uvod Tijekom minulih stoljeæa brojni su bili hrvatski znanstvenici i literati koji su se uputili izvan domovine, eleæi produbiti spoznaje steèene na domaæem tlu. Tom kru- gu pripada i dubrovaèki benediktinac Anselmo Banduri1 (1675.2 1743.) koji, nakon 1 Hrvatske inaèice Bandurijeva prezimena su Bandur i Banduroviæ, u latinskim se tekstovima pot- pisuje s Bandurius, a opæenito je poznat pod patronimom Banduri. 2 Veæina Bandurijevih biografa (poglavito Aleksandar Stipèeviæ) navodi 18. kolovoza 1675. kao da- tum njegova roðenja. Manji dio autora (meðu njima i Bartol Zmajiæ) opredjeljuje se za 1671. U po- 131 004 Puskaric.p65 131 04. 12. 06, 13:51 Zb. Odsjeka povij. znan. Zavoda povij. dru. znan. Hrvat. akad. znan. umjet., 24(2006), str. 131-186 nekoliko talijanskih, ponajveæma firentinskih godina, u mjesecu veljaèi 1702. stie u znamenitu pariku opatiju Saint-Germain-des-Prés, tada pod jurisdikcijom francuskih maurista3 (jedne od struja proizalih iz reformi benediktinskog reda), u svoje doba glavnih nositelja povijesno-filolokog znanstvenog djelovanja u Francuskoj i izvan nje. Veliki izdavaèki pothvat objavljivanja crkvenih otaca, kojega su se pothvatili fran- cuski mauristi, a kojemu je i na Banduri konkretno pridonio, nalazi se na liniji tzv. nostalgije za kræanskom antikom, odnosno tadanjih nastojanja Katolièke crkve na svojoj unutarnjoj konsolidaciji i obnovi, u svjetlu sve snanije prisutnosti reformi- ranih crkava te dekadencije drutva u cjelini. Sredstva za borbu protiv tih drutvenih fenomena Crkva æe traiti ne vie u filozofiji veæ u povijesti. Da bi se crkvenim dog- mama pribavili vjerodostojni i neoborivi potpornji, posee se za djelima najranijih kræanskih pisaca, koje se dri predstavnicima prvotnih uèenja, lienih kasnijih inter- polacija, te za vremenima koja bismo mogli nazvati kræanskom Arkadijom. Èime su zapisi iz prvih stoljeæa kræanstva fascinirali krajem XVII. stoljeæa crkvene uèenjake èasnome govoru, proèitanome nekoliko mjeseci nakon Bandurijeve smrti pred èlanovima fran- cuske Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, èiji je Banduri bio poèasni èlan, Nicolas Fréret izrije- kom kae kako mu je godina Bandurijeva roðenja: Ce qui concerne la famille mest inconnu, aussibien que la date de la naissance & le détail de sa première éducation, pa onda i dob u tre- nutku smrti nepoznata: On croit quil avoit soixante-douze ou soixante-treize ans: car on ne sait pas précisément son âge. Za citat iz poèasnoga govora Nicolasa Fréreta, usp. Nicolas Fréret, Éloge du P. Banduri, Histoire de lAcadémie Royale des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, t. XVI, Paris 1751, str. 348- 355. 3 Reforma iz koje je proizila i kongregacija sv. Mavra jedan je od posljednjih reformskih pokreta unutar reda sv. Benedikta na francuskome tlu prije revolucionarnih godina s kraja XVIII. stoljeæa. Poèetak joj se smjeta na kraj XV. stoljeæa, a u punom je zamahu u godinama nakon posljednjeg zasjedanja Tridentskog koncila (1563.). Godine 1618., u mjesecu studenom, odran je opæi konstitu- irajuæi sabor nove kongregacije, a tri godine potom iz Rima dolazi i konaèno odobrenje za njezino djelovanje u obliku patentnih pisama pape Grgura IV. Otad broj benediktinskih samostana koji pristupaju zajednici stalno raste. Tridesete godine XVII. stoljeæa, kad i parika opatija Saint-Ger- main-des-Prés postaje dio reformirane zajednice, biljee osobito velik odaziv, a statistièki pregled brojèanog stanja kongregacije za godinu 1715. navodi 193 samostana èlana te 2000 redovnika koji u njima ive i djeluju. U razdoblju od 1630. do 1650. kongregacija dobiva pravila i ustav, a defin- irane su i glavne smjernice kojima æe krenuti njezina znanstvena djelatnost. Izrazito centralizira- nog ustroja (sve odluke donose se na sjednicama vodstva kongregacije), mauristièka je zajednica razvila bogatu znanstvenu i izdavaèku djelatnost, koja se uobièajeno dijeli u tri razdoblja, od kojih prvo pripada drugoj polovini XVII. stoljeæa i obiljeeno je figurama dom Luca dAcheryja i dom Jeana Mabillona, a istraivanja su tada prvenstveno okrenuta povijesti reda, njegovih samostana te svetaca, djelima crkvenih otaca i srednjovjekovnih crkvenih teolokih pisaca. Drugo se razdo- blje protee od godine 1710. do 1760. Njegov je glavni nositelj dom Bernard de Montfaucon, u èijem æe okrilju djelovati i Banduri, a koji iri povijesno-filoloku djelatnost reda na prouèavanje vrela bitnih za povijest francuskih pokrajina te opæe i knjievne povijesti francuskoga kraljevstva, ne zanemarujuæi pritom znanstveni doprinos boljem poznavanju povijesti kræanstva na tlu Fran- cuske, u okviru projekta Gallia Christiana. Treæe razdoblje pada u godine nakon 1760., u kojima kongregacija sve vie izlazi iz uskih samostanskih okvira i otvara se suradnji sa svjetovnim instituc- ijama, poglavito s kraljevim Cabinet des Chartres. Usp. Daniel-Odon Hurel, Dom Bernard de Mont- faucon, bénédictin de la Congrégation de Saint-Maur, Dom Bernard de Montfaucon. Actes du colloque de Carcassonne, t. I, Saint-Wandrille-Rançon 1998., str. 5371. 132 004 Puskaric.p65 132 04. 12. 06, 13:51 J. Pukariæ: Anselmo Banduri (1675.-1743.), dubrovaèki benediktinac u Parizu moda najbolje ilustriraju rijeèi anglikanskoga teologa, autora djela Religion of the Ancient Christians in the First Ages of the Gospel, Williama Cavea, koji je osobno svjedoèio reèenom izdavaèkom trendu: Glad za znanjem, koja nam je priroðena, prirodno nas tjera da traimo zapise o prolim vremenima, koji nam se nadavaju s osobitom prednoæu, koja se sastoji u tome da vodeni tok mora biti èiæi i bistriji to je blie izvoru (...).4 Ondje æe, na liniji onodobnoga znanstvenog programa kongregacije, Banduri tiskom objaviti svoje monumentalne studije iz podruèja bizantolokih istraivanja, Imperium Orientale (1711.) te numizmatike, Numismata imperatorum Romanorum (1718.). Jedan od mnogih sliènoga ivotnog i profesionalnog itinerara u velegradu poput Pariza, Banduri nije imao sreæe da mu pismena ostavtina nakon smrti bude objedi- njena na jednome mjestu. Stoga danas ostajemo uskraæeni za brojne podatke koji bi poblie rasvijetlili ivotnu filozofiju dubrovaèkoga benediktinca. No ipak, uz poneku osobnu notu koja se dade ièitati iz predgovora objavljenim mu djelima te napomene suvremenika, pariki arhivi posjeduju i dio njegove korespondencije s dom Bernar- dom de Montfauconom, iz razdoblja od 1700. do 1701., koja prethodi Bandurijevu dolasku, a kako se naposlijetku pokazalo, i trajnom ostanku u Parizu. Dubrovaèki poèetci U rodnome Dubrovniku, u doba Bandurijeva djetinjstva i rane mladosti, nakon potresa iz 1667., uvelike jo poruenome gradu koji se krajem XVII. stoljeæa grèevito borio za svoj politièki opstanak na meðunarodnoj sceni, buduæi otac Anselmo stjeèe prva znanja, prima (...) studiorum rudimenta na svome buduæem znanstvenom i redovnièkom putu. Premda znameniti dubrovaèki dominikanac i biograf, Serafin Marija Crijeviæ ali- as Cerva (1686.1759.), u svome djelu Bibliotheca Ragusina, biografskome leksikonu dubrovaèkih pisaca do godine 1743. (1744.), izrijekom ne spominje kolsku instituciju koju je mladi Banduri pohaðao, vjerojatno je rijeè o isusovaèkome kolegiju (Colle- gium Ragusinum) èiji su rad u Dubrovniku godine 1686. (po drugi put) pokrenuli isus- ovci, a gdje je, u razdoblju od 1609. do 1612. kao predavaè djelovao i autor prve hrvatske gramatike, Bartul Kaiæ (1575.1650.). Svoje æe znanje mladi Matija, to mu je naime bilo krsno ime, nastaviti unutar zidina benediktinskog samostana sv. Jakova na Vinjici,5 gdje slua predavanja iz 4 Our inbred thirst after knowledge naturally obliges us to pursue the notices of former times, which are commended to us with this particular advantage that the stream must needs [sic!] be purer and clearer the nearer it comes to the fountain (...). Usp. Bruno Neveu, Érudition ecclésias- tique du XVIIe sicle et la nostalgie de lantiquité chrétienne, u: Religion and humanism, ed. Keith Robbins, Oxford 1981., p. 198 et 215. 5 Samostan sv. Jakova, na dubrovaèkome predjelu zvanome Vinjica, osnovan je u XIII. st., kao posljed- nji benediktinski samostan koji je niknuo na teritoriju Dubrovaèke Republike. Bio je to zavjetni dar 133 004 Puskaric.p65 133 04. 12. 06, 13:51 Zb. Odsjeka povij. znan. Zavoda povij. dru. znan. Hrvat.
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