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Perinatal Factors Affecting Human Development

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Perinatal Factors Affecting Human Development PERINATAL FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 1969 PERINATAL FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Proceedings of the Special Session held during the Eighth Meeting of the PAHO Advisory Committee on Medical Research 10 June 1969 Scientific Publication No. 185 October 1969 PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 525 Twenty-third Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037, U.S.A. NOTE At each meeting of the Pan American Health Organization Advisory Committee on Medical Research, a special session is held on a topic chosen by the Committee as being of particular interest. At the Eighth Meeting, which convened in June 1969 in Washington, D.C., the session surveyed some of the factors which may act on the fetus during pregnancy and labor interfering with its normal development or causing irreversible damage. Their influence on perinatal morbidity and mortality as well as their, long-term consequences on the surviving child received special attention. The basis for early diagnosis, prevention and trcatment was carefully reviewed. This volume records the papers presented and the ensuing discussions. PAHO ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON MEDICAL RESEARCH Dr. Hernán Alessandri Dr. Robert Q. Marston Ex-Decano, Facultad de Medicina Director, National Institutes of Health Universidad de Chile Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. Santiago, Chile Dr. Walsh McDermott Dr. Otto G. Bier Chairman, Department of Public Health Director, PAHO/WHO Immunology Cornell University Medical College Research and Training Center New York, New York, U.S.A. Instituto Butantan Sao Paulo, Brazil Dr. James V. Neel Chairman, Department of Human Genetics Dr. Roberto Caldeyro-Barcia University of Michigan Medical School Jefe, Departamento de Fisiopatología Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República Professor Roger Revelle Montevideo, Uruguay Center for Population Studies Harvard University Dr. Philip P. Cohen Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Chairman, Department of Physiological Chemistry Dr. Marcel Roche The University of Wisconsin Director, Instituto Venezolano de Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Investigaciones Científicas Caracas, Venezuela Dr. René Dubos Member and Professor Dr. John C. Waterlow The Rockefeller University Director, Tropical Metabolism New York, New York, U.S.A. Research Unit University of the West Indies Dr. Herman E. Hilleboe Kingston, Jamaica Director, Division of Public Health Practice Professor Abel Wolman School of Public Health and Emeritus Professor of Sanitary Administrative Medicine Engineering and Water Resources Columbia University The Johns Hopkins University New York, New York, U.S.A. Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. Dr. Bernardo A. Houssay Dr. Salvador Zubirán Director, Instituto de Biología Director, Instituto Nacional de la y Medicina Experimental Nutrición Buenos Aires, Argentina México, D.F., Méx;co Secretary Dr. M. Martins da Silva Chief, Department of Research Development and Coordination Pan American Health Organization Washington, D.C., U.S.A. PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION Pan American Sanitary Bureau Dr. Abraham Horwitz, Direclor iii Special Session on PERINATAL FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Moderator: Dr. Roberto Caldeyro-Barcia PARTICIPANTS Dr. Karlis Adamsons Dr. Joseph S. Drage Department of Obstetrics and Section on Pediatric Neurology Gynecology National Institute of Neurological College of Physicians and Surgeons Diseases and Stroke of Columbia University National Institutes of Health New York, New York, U.S.A. Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. Dr. Omar Althabe Dr. Elio García-Austt Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Instituto de Neurología Obstétrica Hospital de Clínicas Instituto de Maternidad "Pedro A. Montevideo, Uruguay Pardo" Buenos Aires, Argentina Dr. Peter Gruenwald Department of Pathology Dr. Ileinz Berendes Veterans Administration Hospital Perinatal Research Branch Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke Dr. Louis M. Hellman National Institutes of Health Department of Obstetrics and Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. Gynecology State University of New York Dr. Joseph Bieniarz Downstate Medical Center Department of Obstetrics and Brooklyn, New York, U.S.A. Gynecology Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center Dr. Wilbur Lawrence Holley Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. Section on Pediatric Neurology National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke Dr. Herbert G. Birch National Institutes of Health Department of Pediatrics Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York, New York, U.S.A. Dr. Edward H. Hon Department of Obstetrics and Dr. Donald F. Caldwell Gynecology Division of Psychobiology LAC/USC Medical Center Lafayette Clinic Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. Dr. John A. Churchill Dr. L. Stanley James Section on Pediatric Neurology Department of Anesthesiology National Institute of Neurological College of Physicians and Surgeons Diseases and Stroke of Columbia University National Institutes of Health New York, New York, U.S.A. Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. Dr. Leon 1. Mann Dr. Geoffrey S. Dawes Behavioral Unit Department of Physiology National Institute of Child Health The Nuffield Institute for Medical and Human Development Research National Institutes of Health Oxford, England Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. iv Dr. Carlos Méndez-Bauer Dr. J. K. Russell Servicio de Fisiología Obstétrica Department of Midwifery and Gynecology Hospital de Clínicas Princess Mary Maternity Hospital Montevideo, Uruguay The University of Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne, England Dr. Kamrran S. Moghissi Department of Gynecology and Dr. Ricardo L. Schwarcz Obstetrics Laboratorio de Fisiopatología WAayne State University School of Obstétrica Medicine Instituto de Maternidad "Pedro A. Pardo" Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. Buenos Aires, Argentina Dr. Ronald E. Myers Dr. Z. K. gtembera Laboratory of Perinatal Physiology Research Institute for the Care of National Institute of Neurological Mother and Child Diseases and Stroke Prague-Podolí, Czechoslovakia National Institutes of Health San Juan, Puerto Rico Dr. William Weiss Office of Biometry Dr. Margaret Ounsted National Institute of Neurological The Nuflield Department of Obstetrics Diseases and Stroke and Gynecology National Institutes of Health Radcliffe Infirmary Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. Oxford, England Dr. Serafín V. Pose Dr. William F. Windle Institute of Rehabilitation Servicio de Fisiología Obstétrica Medicine New York University Hospital de Clínicas Medical Center Montevideo, Uruguay New York, New York, U.S.A. Dr. Juan J. Poseiro Dr. Myron Winick Servicio de Fisiología Obstétrica Department of Pediatrics Hospital de Clínicas The New York Hospital Montevideo, Uruguay New York, New York, U.S.A. Dr. Mortimer G. Rosen Dr. Stephen Zamenhof Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Medical Microbiology The University of Rochester School of and Immunology Medicine and Dentistry University of California School of Rochester, New York, U.S.A. Medicine Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. Dr. Arthur L. Rosenbaum Section on Pediatric Neurology Dr. M. Martins da Silva (Secretary) National Institute of Neurological Department of Research Development Diseases and Stroke and Coordination National Institutes of Health Pan American Health Organization Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. Washington, D.C., U.S.A. v CONTENTS Page Opening Statement Roberto Caldeyro-Barcia ................................... 1 Effects of Protein and Zinc Nutrition on Behavior in the Rat Donald F. Caldwell and Donald O berleas . ........................ .................... 2 DNA Content of Placenta and Fetal Brain Myron Winick, Elba Velasco, and Pedro Rosso .............................................................. 9 Relationships of Maternal Amino Acid Blood Levels to Fetal Development K. S. Moghissi, 1. A. Churchill, and C. Frohman .............................. 16 Discussion Stephen Zamenhof ..... ............................ .......... 20 General Discussion ... ........................................ 22 Physical and Mental Deficits of Twinning W. L. Holley and 1. A. Churchill ....... 24 Intelligence of Children Whose Mothers Had Acetenuria During Pregnancy John A. Churchill and Heinz W . Berendes .... ........................... 30 Maternal Factors and Mental Performance in Children 1. K. Russell and D. G. Milla r ...... 3 6 Effect of Rapid Succession of Pregnancy W. L. Holley, A. L. Rosenbaum, and 1. A . Ch u rchill . ... .... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. ... 4 1 Perinatal Factors in Mental Subnormality Herbert G. Birch . .................... 45 Discussion John A. Churchill ............. ....... ........... 46 General Discussion . ....... ...... ............ 47 The Problem of Prematurity and of Intrauterine Growth Retardation Peter Gruenwald ........... ........................................ 51 laternal Factors Affecting Birth Weight William Weiss and Esther C. Jackson . 54 Familial Factors Affecting Fetal Growth Margaret Ounsted .................. 60 Discussion . ... .. .. .... ........ 68 The Sonographic Depiction of the Growth and Development of the Human Fetus Louis M. Hellman, Mitsunao Kobayashi, Lewis Fillisti, and Ellen Cromb ... 70 Utero-Placental Circulation: An Angiographic Study 1. Bieniarz, W. julio, and L. G rain e r . 81 Test of Fetal Tolerance to Induced Uterine Contractions for the Diagnosis of Chronic
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