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ABCDE Acronym Blood Transfusion 231 Major Trauma 234 Maternal Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-26827-1 - Obstetric and Intrapartum Emergencies: A Practical Guide to Management Edwin Chandraharan and Sir Sabaratnam Arulkumaran Index More information Index ABCDE acronym albumin, blood plasma levels 7 arterial blood gas (ABG) 188 blood transfusion 231 allergic anaphylaxis 229 arterio-venous occlusions 166–167 major trauma 234 maternal collapse 12, 130–131 amiadarone, overdose 178 aspiration 10, 246 newborn infant 241 amniocentesis 234 aspirin 26, 180–181 resuscitation 127–131 amniotic fluid embolism 48–51 assisted reproduction 93 abdomen caesarean section 257 asthma 4, 150, 151, 152, 185 examination after trauma 234 massive haemorrhage 33 pain in pregnancy 154–160, 161 maternal collapse 10, 13, 128 atracurium, drug reactions 231 accreta, placenta 250, 252, 255 anaemia, physiological 1, 7 atrial fibrillation 205 ACE inhibitors, overdose 178 anaerobic metabolism 242 automated external defibrillator (AED) 12 acid–base analysis 104 anaesthesia. See general anaesthesia awareness under anaesthesia 215, 217 acidosis 94, 180–181, 186, 242 anal incontinence 138–139 ACTH levels 210 analgesia 11, 100, 218 barbiturates, overdose 178 activated charcoal 177, 180–181 anaphylaxis 11, 227–228, 229–231 behaviour/beliefs, psychiatric activated partial thromboplastin time antacid prophylaxis 217 emergencies 172 (APTT) 19, 21 antenatal screening, DVT 16 benign intracranial hypertension 166 activated protein C 46 antepartum haemorrhage 33, 93–94. benzodiazepines, overdose 178 Addison’s disease 208–209 See also massive obstetric beta-blockers 183, 206–207 adrenal gland 3, 208–210 haemorrhage beta-haemolytic Strep Lancefield adrenaline 130 anterior ventouse cups 103 group A 41 Adult Life Support (ALS) guidelines antibiotics 152 black/ethnic minorities 49 236 caesarean section 109–110 bladder injury, CS 116, 118 drug overdose 178 Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome major trauma 237 blindness 166–167.Seealsovisual (ARDS) 43 MAP 252 problems advanced life support 12–13, 228 see also sepsis/septic shock blood gases 2, 188 AED (automated external defibrillator) anticoagulants, 21, 178 blood pressure 2 12 antihistamines, overdose 178 amniotic fluid embolism 50 AFE. See amniotic fluid embolism drug overdose 181, 182 anxiety 170, 172, 173 postpartum haemorrhage 39 AFLP (acute fatty liver of pregnancy) abdominal pain 154 preeclampsia/eclampsia 25, 26, 158 palpitations 145, 148 27–28 airbags, vehicle 238 aortocaval compression 9 sepsis/septic shock 44 airway Apgar scores 215, 267 visual problems 166 amniotic fluid embolism 49 appearance, assessment 172 blood sugar diabetic ketoacidosis 186 diabetic ketoacidosis 185–190 drug overdose 177 appendicitis 5–7, 158–159 drug overdose 180 general anaesthesia 216 APTT (activated partial hypopituitarism 212 major trauma 235 thromboplastin time) 19, 21 see also glucose metabolism maternal collapse 12, 130 blood transfusion. See transfusion newborn infant 241–242, 243–244 ARDS (Adult Respiratory Distress sepsis/septic shock 43 Syndrome) 43 blood volume 1, 4, 7 275 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-26827-1 - Obstetric and Intrapartum Emergencies: A Practical Guide to Management Edwin Chandraharan and Sir Sabaratnam Arulkumaran Index More information Index blunt trauma 233, 234 cardiovascular system 1–2, 5, 6, 9, 128, constipation 4 blurred vision 164, 165, 166–167.See 205, 215 convulsions 4, 28, 191–195, 196, 197 also visual problems care bundles 272 cord. See umbilical cord bone fractures 201, 202–203 case study, fluid underload 225 cornea 164 bowel injury, CS 116, 118 cauda equina syndrome 198–200 corticosteroids 185 breathing CEMACE (Centre for Maternal and cortisol 210.Seealsoacute adrenal amniotic fluid embolism 49 Child Enquiries) 44–46, 265, 270, insufficiency diabetic ketoacidosis 186 271 cricothyroidotomy 218, 219 drug overdose 177 central nervous system 205 major trauma 235 CT scanning 212 maternal collapse 12, 130 central serous retinopathy 166 CTG (cardiotocography) 78–85 neonatal 241–242, 244–245 central venous pressure 223 sepsis/septic shock 43 CTPA (pulmonary angiogram) 19 cerebral palsy 78, 93 breathlessness during pregnancy cyclizine 231 150–153 cervical spine control, trauma 235 breech delivery 59–60, 61, 62, 63, 64, chest compressions 256 DDI (decision to delivery intervals) 65, 66 cholecystitis, acute 158 107 twins 93 cholinesterase deficiency 215 De Lee incision 111 umbilical cord prolapse 68 chorioamnionitis 157 debriefing, postnatal 113 bromocriptine, overdose 178 choroidal changes 165 decontamination, drug 177, 183–184 burns 234 circulation 186 deep vein thrombosis/venous Burns–Marshall manoeuvre 64 amniotic fluid embolism 49 thromboembolism 7, 11, 15, 19, drug overdose 177 22 caesarean section (CS) 98–99 major trauma 235–236 caesarean section 108, 257 awareness 215 maternal collapse 12, 130 maternal collapse 10 breech delivery 65 neonatal 245 preeclampsia 25, 28, 31 complications 115–119 sepsis/septic shock 44 de-escalation 174 emergency 107–114 peri/postmortem 10, 13, 112–113, citrate toxicity 228 defibrillation 12, 130 256–258 CICV (can’t intubate can’t ventilate) definitions calcium channel blockers 182, 218 amniotic fluid embolism 48 207 clamping, umbilical cord 243 blood transfusion reactions 227 breathlessness 150 calcium supplements 26 classical incision, CS 111 breech delivery 59 can’t intubate can’t ventilate (CICV) Clinical Negligence Scheme for Trusts caesarean section 107, 256 218 (CNST) 272 convulsions/epilepsy 191 caput succedaneum 100 deep vein thrombosis 15 clonidine, overdose 178 diabetic ketoacidosis 185 carboprost, drug reactions 231 Clostridium septicum 41 drug reactions 231 cardiac arrest 9, 130, 256–258, coagulation 1 failed intubation 214 270 fire drills, labour ward 260 coagulopathy 228 fluid management 221 cardiac arrhythmias 145, 181.Seealso Code Blue protocol 33, 36, 116 instrumental delivery 98 palpitations massive obstetric haemorrhage cognitive function 173 cardiac disease 33 breathlessness 152 colestyramine 207 maternal collapse 9, 126 caesarean section 257 colour, neonate 242 morbidly adherent placenta 250 preeclampsia/eclampsia 24 general anaesthesia 215 colour flow ultrasound 250 fluid management 222, 224 psychiatric emergencies 170 maternal collapse 10 compression sutures 38 pulmonary embolism 15 palpitations 146–147 retained placenta 132 congenital problems 246 risk management 269 cardiac failure 150, 225 congestive heart failure 205 sepsis/septic shock 41 Cardiff wedge 9 conjoined twins 96 shoulder dystocia 88 umbilical cord prolapse 68 cardiotocography (CTG) 78–85 consent, informed 100, 109, 215, 257 venous thromboembolism 15 276 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-26827-1 - Obstetric and Intrapartum Emergencies: A Practical Guide to Management Edwin Chandraharan and Sir Sabaratnam Arulkumaran Index More information Index dehydration. See fluid management eclampsia 29–30.Seealsopreeclampsia fetal implications delayed haemolytic reactions 227 ectopic pregnancy 154–155 amniotic fluid embolism 48 blood transfusion 228, 230 delirium 170, 172, 173 electrocardiogram (ECG) 2, 146, 181 breathlessness 150 delivery electrolytes, DKA 188 breech delivery 59–60, 61 caesarean section 108–109, 115 amniotic fluid embolism 50 Elliot forceps 65 analgesia 11 convulsions/epilepsy 192 anticoagulants 21 Elschnig’s spots 165 deep vein thrombosis 15–16 perineal trauma 142 emergency treatment, general diabetic ketoacidosis 185, 187 preeclampsia/eclampsia 28–29, anaesthesia 215, 219 drug overdose 176 31 fluid management 221–222 see also breech delivery; caesarean emotional lability 170 general anaesthesia 214–215 section; instrumental vaginal endocrine emergencies 204 imaging 154 delivery; twin delivery adrenal insufficiency 208–210 instrumental vaginal delivery 98–99, 104 delusions 170 hypopituitarism 211–213 myxoedema coma 207–208 major trauma 233, 236 depression 170, 172 phaeochromocytoma crisis 210–211 maternal collapse 126 desmopressin 213 thyroid storm 204–207 morbidly adherent placenta 250 myxoedemacoma207 dexamethasone 206–207, 213 endocrine system 3–6, 7 preeclampsia 25, 27 diabetes 167–168 endotracheal intubation 10 psychiatric emergencies 170, epidural anaesthetic 11–12 173 diabetic ketoacidosis 185–190 sepsis/septic shock 42, 43 dialysis, peritoneal 207 epigastric blood vessels 117–118 shoulder dystocia 88 differential diagnoses epilepsy 4, 28, 191–195, 196, 197 simulation training 265 abdominal pain thyroid storm 204 episiotomy 62, 90, 138, 140, 142.See twins 93–94 amniotic fluid embolism 50 also perineal trauma convulsions/epilepsy 192–193 umbilical cord prolapse 68 fluid management 225 ethnic minorities 49 uterine rupture 52 palpitations 146 equipment feto-maternal haemorrhage (FMH) psychiatric emergencies 170, 172, fire drills 261–262 237.Seealsohaemorrhage 173 resuscitation 242 fibrillations 145 digoxin overdose 181–182 ergometrine 37 fibrinolysis 1 disability 236.SeealsoABCDE ergotamine overdose 178 fibroids 156 acronym Escherichia coli 41 fidelity simulation training 264 diuretics 223 esmolol 206–207 Finkelstein’s test 198 dizziness 145, 148 European Working Time Directive fire drills 260–263 documentation, AFE 50–51 215, 265 fistulograms 234 domestic violence 238 exposure. See ABCDE acronym flexion point 103, 104 Doppler ultrasound 25, 94, 237, 250 eye disease 168.Seealsovisual problems fluid management 221–225 double vision 165 diabetic ketoacidosis 186 drooping eyelid 163 Faber’s
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